scholarly journals Genetic diversity assessment of ancient mulberry (Morus spp.) in Lebanon using morphological, chemical and molecular markers (SSR and ISSR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-253
Author(s):  
Aline Kadri ◽  
Shoaib Saleh ◽  
Ahmad Elbitar ◽  
Ali Chehade
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Germplasm Management ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Relative Separation ◽  
Morus Spp ◽  
High Level ◽  
Issr Primers

Lebanon has ancient mulberry trees which are the remnants of the abundant orchards that dominated its lands during the nineteenth century. Lebanese mulberry germplasm has not been assessed yet. This study aims to collect local old rainfed mulberry accessions from different geographical regions and assess their diversity by using morphological and molecular markers (SSR and ISSR). Genetic diversity of 70 accessions of mulberry were evaluated by using 27 morphological traits. The dendrogram based on the morphological attributes showed a relative separation of the different accessions based on fruits color and taste. Molecular analysis was performed for the accessions by using selected SSR and ISSR primers. The primers marked a high discriminating power (0.7 to 0.89). The dendrogram constructed on the base of UPGMA method showed 13 different groups. The clustering patterns indicated no location nor local name specificity among mulberry accessions. The combination of SSR and ISSR primers was informative for estimating the extent of mulberry genetic diversity. It can be concluded that there is a high level of genetic diversity within mulberry trees in Lebanon. These results will be useful for mulberry germplasm management in terms of biodiversity protection and as a valuable source of gene pool for crop improvement.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Assessment and Biological Description of Caster bean crop (Riciunus communis L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Kedir Wulchafo Hussen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
High Level

Castor bean is an important nonedible oilseed crop that has many industrial uses. Genetic diversity in a germplasm is the fundamental requirement for crop improvement programs. There are several genetic markers available for assessment of genetic diversity among the genotypes and accessions. Though castor bean is a monotypic, it exhibits wide phenotypic diversity. In castor bean, genetic markers such as agro-morphological characters, biochemical and cytological markers were widely used in characterization of genetic variation in the germplasm from India, Nigeria, Turkey, China, Brazil, Iran, and Ethiopia which indicated a low-to-high-level diversity in the castor bean germplasm depending on the markers and the genotypes studied.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity assessment in Indian cultivated pea (Pisum sativum L.) varieties using RAPD markers

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 316-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pravas Ranjan Kole ◽  
Manoj Kumar Sharma ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Rakesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Germplasm Management ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Maximum Similarity ◽  
Clustering Pattern

In the present study, the genetic diversity and inter-relationships among 12 varieties of pea were analyzed by using RAPD markers. A total of 118 bands were generated with 20 RAPD primers, of which 107 bands were polymorphic (90.81%). The PIC value ranged from 0.602-0.863 with an average of 0.754. High level of polymorphism and low genetic similarity within pea varieties suggested that they have a high level of genetic diversity. Unique RAPD fragments (700bp-1500bp) were also observed in five varieties i.e., AP-01, Aparna, Uttra, Rachna and Rachna-1D. In the dendrogram, 12 varieties were broadly grouped into 2 main clusters consisting of 5 (Cluster-I) and 4 (Cluster-II) varieties, respectively, while other three varieties i.e., KPMR-522, Aparna and AP-03 were out of group. In cluster-I, Ambika and AP-01 and Rachna and Vikas showed 62% and 58% similarities whereas, HUDP-15 grouped with 56% similarities with rest two varieties. In cluster II, Uttara and Prakash showed maximum similarity (65%) whereas, Rachna1-D showed (58%) similarities with them. KPMR-400 showed 52% similarity in this group. KPMR-400, Aparna and AP-03 were more diverse in comparison to others. A two-dimensional plot generated from principal co-ordinate analysis of RAPD data also supported the clustering pattern of dendrogram. This study indicated the presence of high genetic diversity among pea varieties, which could be used for developing core collections of pea germplasm for breeding and germplasm management purposes.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity assessment of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) accessions using single nucleotide polymorphism markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-420
Author(s):  
G. Afolayan ◽  
S. P. Deshpande ◽  
S. E. Aladele ◽  
A. O. Kolawole ◽  
I. Angarawai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Crop Research ◽  
International Crop Research Institute ◽  
Private Alleles

AbstractSorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an important resource to the national economy and it is essential to assess the genetic diversity in existing sorghum germplasm for better conservation, utilization and crop improvement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of genetic diversity within and among sorghum germplasms collected from diverse institutes in Nigeria and Mali using Single Nucleotide Polymorphic markers. Genetic diversity among the germplasm was low with an average polymorphism information content value of 0.24. Analysis of Molecular Variation revealed 6% variation among germplasm and 94% within germplasms. Dendrogram revealed three groups of clustering which indicate variations within the germplasms. Private alleles identified in the sorghum accessions from National Center for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Ibadan, Nigeria and International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Kano, Nigeria shows their prospect for sorghum improvement and discovery of new agronomic traits. The presence of private alleles and genetic variation within the germplasms indicates that the accessions are valuable resources for future breeding programs.

scholarly journals Importance of Genetic Diversity Assessment in Crop Plants and Its Recent Advances: An Overview of Its Analytical Perspectives

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Govindaraj ◽  
M. Vetriventhan ◽  
M. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Production Network ◽  
Gene Banks ◽  
Diversity Assessment

The importance of plant genetic diversity (PGD) is now being recognized as a specific area since exploding population with urbanization and decreasing cultivable lands are the critical factors contributing to food insecurity in developing world. Agricultural scientists realized that PGD can be captured and stored in the form of plant genetic resources (PGR) such as gene bank, DNA library, and so forth, in the biorepository which preserve genetic material for long period. However, conserved PGR must be utilized for crop improvement in order to meet future global challenges in relation to food and nutritional security. This paper comprehensively reviews four important areas; (i) the significance of plant genetic diversity (PGD) and PGR especially on agriculturally important crops (mostly field crops); (ii) risk associated with narrowing the genetic base of current commercial cultivars and climate change; (iii) analysis of existing PGD analytical methods in pregenomic and genomic era; and (iv) modern tools available for PGD analysis in postgenomic era. This discussion benefits the plant scientist community in order to use the new methods and technology for better and rapid assessment, for utilization of germplasm from gene banks to their applied breeding programs. With the advent of new biotechnological techniques, this process of genetic manipulation is now being accelerated and carried out with more precision (neglecting environmental effects) and fast-track manner than the classical breeding techniques. It is also to note that gene banks look into several issues in order to improve levels of germplasm distribution and its utilization, duplication of plant identity, and access to database, for prebreeding activities. Since plant breeding research and cultivar development are integral components of improving food production, therefore, availability of and access to diverse genetic sources will ensure that the global food production network becomes more sustainable. The pros and cons of the basic and advanced statistical tools available for measuring genetic diversity are briefly discussed and their source links (mostly) were provided to get easy access; thus, it improves the understanding of tools and its practical applicability to the researchers.

scholarly journals Molecular diversity and phylogeny of Triticum-Aegilops species possessing D genome revealed by SSR and ISSR markers

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda Moradkhani ◽  
Ali Ashraf Mehrabi ◽  
Alireza Etminan ◽  
Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Issr Marker ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Marker Data ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe aim of this study is investigation the applicability of SSR and ISSR markers in evaluating the genetic relationships in twenty accessions ofAegilopsandTriticumspecies with D genome in different ploidy levels. Totally, 119 bands and 46 alleles were detected using ten primers for ISSR and SSR markers, respectively. Polymorphism Information Content values for all primers ranged from 0.345 to 0.375 with an average of 0.367 for SSR, and varied from 0.29 to 0.44 with the average 0.37 for ISSR marker. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that 81% (ISSR) and 84% (SSR) of variability was partitioned among individuals within populations. Comparing the genetic diversity ofAegilopsandTriticumaccessions, based on genetic parameters, shows that genetic variation ofAe. crassaandAe. tauschiispecies are higher than other species, especially in terms of Nei’s gene diversity. Cluster analysis, based on both markers, separated total accessions in three groups. However, classification based on SSR marker data was not conformed to classification according to ISSR marker data. Principal co-ordinate analysis (PCoA) for SSR and ISSR data showed that, the first two components clarified 53.48% and 49.91% of the total variation, respectively. This analysis (PCoA), also, indicated consistent patterns of genetic relationships for ISSR data sets, however, the grouping of accessions was not completely accorded to their own geographical origins. Consequently, a high level of genetic diversity was revealed from the accessions sampled from different eco-geographical regions of Iran.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity assessment of sesame core collection in China by phenotype and molecular markers and extraction of a mini-core collection

BMC Genetics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxin Zhang ◽  
Xiurong Zhang ◽  
Zhuo Che ◽  
Linhai Wang ◽  
Wenliang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Mini Core Collection ◽  
Diversity Assessment

scholarly journals Analysis of genetic diversity and association of seed and mucilage yields with inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) polymorphism in a collection of Plantgao species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bagheri Motahareh ◽  
Bahram Heidrai ◽  
Zolfaghar Shahriari ◽  
Ali Dadkhodaie ◽  
Zahra Heidari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Phylogenetic Network ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Polymorphic Bands ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Issr Primers

AbstractAnalysis of genetic diversity in medicinal plants assists germplasm conservation and selection for use in breeding schemes. The aims of the present study were to assess genetic diversity and differentiation of several Plantago species using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers and identify marker-trait associations (MTAs). Thirty-one Plantago accessions belonging to eight species with various mating system and chromosome number were collected from geographical regions of Iran environments. Polymorphism in the DNA of Plantago accessions were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of 25 ISSR primers. The data for number of polymorphic bands were analyzed on the basis of several genetic diversity parameters. The results of gel analysis indicated that the ISSR primers amplified 5 to 21 polymorphic bands with 100 to 3000 bp size. The mean polymorphism was 83.83% and five primers showed 100% polymorphism among Plantago accessions. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) for ISSR as a dominant marker ranged from 0.1103 to 0.3829 with the mean 0.2727 in the species tested. Accessions in P. amplexicaulis and P. pysillum species represented the highest Nei’s and Shannon’s genetic diversity whilst the lowest obtained for P. lagopus. Analysis of phylogenetic network generated by the Neighbor-Net Algorithm showed moderate split of the eight species tested and the network depicted moderate conflict. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) results showed lower conflict in separation of accessions of the eight species. Fifty-six significant MTAs were detected for the traits tested in Plantago accessions, of which six were shared between three seed and mucilage traits and 24 were common between two traits. The coefficient of determination (R2) for the identified MTAs varied between 32 and 73%. In conclusion, the results of genetic diversity analysis suggested that ISSR marker could efficiently differentiate Plantago species and the information of genetic diversity might assist Plantago improvement and conservation.

scholarly journals Selection of ISSR Primers to Study the Genetic Diversity of Myrciaria floribunda O. Berg

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Luiz Sergio Costa Duarte Filho ◽  
Danielson Ramos Ribeiro ◽  
Allison Vieira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Issr Primers

The species Myrciaria floridunda O. Berg, popularly known as cambuí, belongs to the Myrtaceae family. Cambui is a native, non-endemic species that occur in diverse environments in Central America and South America. They are slow-growing plants with a shrub or sub-shrub habit. The fruits, the product of interest of the species, are small, spherical berries orange or red in colorturning to wine colorwhen they are ripe. The exploitation of the species is still mostly extractivist, carried out by traditional local families who, in times of fruiting of the species, leverage their income by selling fruits at fairs. The fruits can be eaten fresh, in the form of jellies, liquor or wine. To study the genetic diversity of the species using ISSR-type molecular markers, it is necessary to first isolate DNA in sufficient quality and quantity. Here, leaves for DNA extraction were collected from the active germplasm bank of the Federal University of Alagoas, Brazil. The DNA of the species was extracted using CTAB detergent methodology with modifications adapted to the species. Twelve ISSR primers were tested on DNA from two cambui genotypes. Of the twelve primers, eight were selected due to their polymorphism index above 50%, namely: UFAL-2, UFAL-3, UFAL-5, UFAL-6, UFAL-7, UFAL-8, UFAL-9 and UFAL-10.

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity among Indian and Exotic Genotypes of Brassica juncea using Phenotypic Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek K. Singh ◽  
Ram Avtar ◽  
Mahavir . ◽  
Nisha Kumari ◽  
Manjeet . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Germplasm Management ◽  
Dissimilarity Matrix ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Dissimilarity Coefficients

Background: Rapeseed-mustard is one of the most important oilseed crops in India, however, its genetic diversity is barely known. A better understanding on this topic is essential for the proper utilization of genotypes in crop improvement. Methods: Present study was carried out to determine the genetic diversity among 95 diverse genotypes of Brassica juncea (L.) in paired rows of 4 m length with a spacing of 30 x 10-15 cm (row × plant). Data were recorded on 11 different agro-morphological characters. Result: All the 95 genotypes were grouped into five distinct clusters based on Manhattan dissimilarity coefficients. Amongst the five clusters, cluster V and IV had the maximum number of genotypes (35 and 23 genotypes respectively) and cluster II with least number of genotypes (three). The Manhattan dissimilarity coefficients ranged from 0.741 to 8.299. Based on the genetic dissimilarity matrix, the maximum dissimilarity (8.299) was observed between the genotypes, DRMRIJ-15-133 and M 62. Cluster III recorded for medium plant height with medium early maturity and cluster I, had maximum mean values for most of the agro-morphological traits. The present work indicated the presence of high genetic diversity among genotypes, which can be used in future breeding programmes for developing mustard cultivars and germplasm management purposes.

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