Effects of Antipsychotic Treatment on S100B and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Yun Bian ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Yaxue Wu ◽  
Fude Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Drug Free ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background: The study aimed to examine the antipsychotic treatment effect on the serum S100B and oxidative stress in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Subjects consisted of patients with schizophrenia of first-episode drug-naive and drug-free acute phases, and met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia. All patients were treated with risperidone for eight weeks. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was evaluated, and serum levels of S100B and parameters of oxidative stress including total oxidative status (TOS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured before and after antipsychotic treatment. A general linear random-effect model was used for data analysis. Results: Antipsychotic treatment with risperidone reduced the levels of S100B significantly in the first episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia (Beta=24.89; p=0.0087) and marginally in the drug-free acute phase (Beta=15.65; p=0.093), no significant difference in the effect on S100B between patient groups (p=0.4785). In contrast, antipsychotic treatment increased the levels of MDA in drug-free acute phase schizophrenia (Beta=-6.55; p<0.0001) but not in the first episode drug-naive patients (beta=-0.57; p=0.6631); the effects on MDA were significantly different between two patient groups (p=0.0020). We found that the levels of S100B were only associated with the PANSS negative score in the drug-free acute phase patients who were treated with antipsychotics. Conclusion: Antipsychotic treatment with risperidone reduced the levels of S100B in first-episode, drug-naive patients with schizophrenia, but may increase the levels of MDA in drug-free acute phase schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress: In Relation to Cognitive Function and Psychopathology in Drug-Naïve, First-Episode Drug-Free Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Tao ◽  
Yu Miao ◽  
Huihui Li ◽  
Xiuxia Yuan ◽  
Xufeng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Drug Free ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Objective: The present study aimed to examine whether insulin resistance and oxidative stress are associated with cognitive impairment in first-episode drug-free schizophrenia (SZ) patients.Methods: Ninety first-episode SZ patients and 70 healthy controls were enrolled. Fasting insulin (FINS) and markers of oxidative stress [oxidized glutathione (GSSG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO) and uric acid (UA) levels] were measured in serum before pharmacological treatment was initiated. Psychiatric symptoms and cognitive function were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), respectively. In addition, the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was also studied.Results: HOMA-IR and serum levels of GSSG and NO were significantly higher in SZ patients than in healthy controls (P &lt; 0.001), while the serum levels of SOD were significantly lower than in healthy controls (P &lt; 0.001). HOMA-IR, GSSG and NO levels were significantly correlated to the total cognitive function scores of the patient group (r = −0.345,−0.369,−0.444, respectively, P &lt; 0.05). But these factors were not co-related to the cognitive functions in the healthy control group. And, levels of SOD, UA were not associated with the total cognitive function scores in both the patient and the healthy control groups. NO was positively correlated with general pathological and the total score in the PANSS, and was negatively correlated with six cognitive domains (r = −0.316 to −0.553, P &lt; 0.05).Conclusions: The levels of insulin resistance and oxidative stress are elevated, and correlated with the severity of cognitive impairment in drug-naïve, first-episode SZ patients. Treatment approaches targeting on reducing insulin resistance and oxidative stress may improve cognitive function in SZ patients.

scholarly journals Serum levels of oxidants and protein S100B were associated in the first-episode drug naïve patients with schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Yanli Li ◽  
Yun Bian ◽  
Fude Yang ◽  
Xianyun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
S100b Protein ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum S100b ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Protein S100b ◽  
Drug Free

Background: Patients with schizophrenia have been noted with an elevation of serum S100B protein concentration, but the pathological process is not known. This study was to investigate the relationship between levels of S100B protein and oxidative stress. Methods: General information and blood sample were collected from the first-episode drug naïve or drug-free acute stage of patients who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) criteria for schizophrenia and healthy controls. The serum levels of S100B, total oxidants (TOS) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were used to measure the level of oxidative stress in both patients, and healthy controls. General linear regression analysis was performed to examine the association of S100B protein with the levels of oxidative stress. Results: The levels of serum protein S100B were associated with the concentration of both TOS (Beta=15.77; p=0.0038) and MDA (Beta=7.90; p=0.0068) in the first-episode drug-naive patients (n=29).While both associations were no longer significant (p>0.05) in the drug-free acute phase patients (n=29); the levels of serum S100B was still consistently associated with TOS (Beta=12.42;p=0.0026) and MDA(Beta=4.11;p=0.0480) in the combined group of patients group(n=58). Simultaneous analysis of both oxidative markers, we still found that both TOS (Beta=12.88; p=0.0103) and MDA (Beta=6.46; p=0.0167) were associated with the serum level of protein S100B in the first-episode drug-naive patients, but not drug-free acute phase patients. Conclusion: Our results suggest that astrocyte activity, serum levels of oxidants, and their cross-talking might be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. This warrants a further study for understanding the underlying mechanism.

scholarly journals Gut microbial biomarkers for the treatment response in first-episode, drug-naïve schizophrenia: a 24-week follow-up study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuxia Yuan ◽  
Yunpeng Wang ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Jiajun Jiang ◽  
Yulin Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Microbial Biomarkers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Risperidone Treatment

AbstractPreclinical studies have shown that the gut microbiota can play a role in schizophrenia (SCH) pathogenesis via the gut-brain axis. However, its role in the antipsychotic treatment response is unclear. Here, we present a 24-week follow-up study to identify gut microbial biomarkers for SCH diagnosis and treatment response, using a sample of 107 first-episode, drug-naïve SCH patients, and 107 healthy controls (HCs). We collected biological samples at baseline (all participants) and follow-up time points after risperidone treatment (SCH patients). Treatment response was assessed using the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale total (PANSS-T) score. False discovery rate was used to correct for multiple testing. We found that SCH patients showed lower α-diversity (the Shannon and Simpson’s indices) compared to HCs at baseline (p = 1.21 × 10−9, 1.23 × 10−8, respectively). We also found a significant difference in β-diversity between SCH patients and HCs (p = 0.001). At baseline, using microbes that showed different abundance between patients and controls as predictors, a prediction model can distinguish patients from HCs with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.867. In SCH patients, after 24 weeks of risperidone treatment, we observed an increase of α-diversity toward the basal level of HCs. At the genus level, we observed decreased abundance of Lachnoclostridium (p = 0.019) and increased abundance Romboutsia (p = 0.067). Moreover, the treatment response in SCH patients was significantly associated with the basal levels of Lachnoclostridium and Romboutsia (p = 0.005 and 0.006, respectively). Our results suggest that SCH patients may present characteristic microbiota, and certain microbiota biomarkers may predict treatment response in this patient population.

scholarly journals Sex Difference in the Interrelationship Between TNF-α and Oxidative Stress Status in First-episode Drug-naïve Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghuan Zhu ◽  
Zhenjing Liu ◽  
Jaelin Rippe ◽  
Mst. Sadia Sultana ◽  
Kang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract BackgroundIncreasing evidence indicates that dysregulated TNF-α and oxidative stress (OxS) contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Additionally, previous evidence has demonstrated sex differences in many aspects of schizophrenia including clinical characteristics, cytokines and OxS markers. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study investigating sex differences in the association between TNF-α, the OxS system, and their interaction with clinical symptoms in schizophrenia patients, especially in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) patients. MethodsA total of 119 FEDN schizophrenia patients and 135 healthy controls were recruited for this study. Serum TNF-α, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was applied to evaluate psychotic symptoms. Two-way ANOVA, partial correlation analysis and multivariate regression analysis were performed. ResultsA sex difference in MDA levels was demonstrated only in healthy controls (F = 7.06, p Bonferroni = 0.045) and not seen in patients. Furthermore, only male patients had higher MDA levels than male controls (F = 8.19, p Bonferroni = 0.03). Additionally, sex differences were observed in the association of TNF-α and MDA levels with psychotic symptoms (all pBonferroni<0.05). The interaction of TNF-α and MDA was only associated with general psychopathology symptom in male patients (B = -0.07, p = 0.02). ConclusionOur results demonstrate the sex difference in the relationship between TNF-α, MDA, and their interaction with psychopathological symptoms of patients with schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Sex difference in the interrelationship between TNF-α and oxidative stress status in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghuan Zhu ◽  
Zhenjing Liu ◽  
Yanhong Guo ◽  
Mst. Sadia Sultana ◽  
Kang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background Increasing evidence indicates that dysregulated TNF-α and oxidative stress (OxS) contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Additionally, previous evidence has demonstrated sex differences in many aspects of schizophrenia including clinical characteristics, cytokines, and OxS markers. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study investigating sex differences in the association between TNF-α, the OxS system, and their interaction with clinical symptoms in schizophrenia patients, especially in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) patients. Methods A total of 119 FEDN schizophrenia patients and 135 healthy controls were recruited for this study. Serum TNF-α, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was applied to evaluate psychotic symptoms. Two-way ANOVA, partial correlation analysis, and multivariate regression analysis were performed. Results A sex difference in MDA levels was demonstrated only in healthy controls (F = 7.06, pBonferroni = 0.045) and not seen in patients. Furthermore, only male patients had higher MDA levels than male controls (F = 8.19, pBonferroni = 0.03). Additionally, sex differences were observed in the association of TNF-α and MDA levels with psychotic symptoms (all pBonferroni < 0.05). The interaction of TNF-α and MDA was only associated with general psychopathology symptom in male patients (B = − 0.07, p = 0.02). Conclusion Our results demonstrate the sex difference in the relationship between TNF-α, MDA, and their interaction with psychopathological symptoms of patients with schizophrenia.

Interaction between TNF-α and oxidative stress status in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 104595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiguang Zhu ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Yong Fan ◽  
Qinyu Lv ◽  
Kang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Oxidative Stress Status ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals The Role of Butyric Acid in Treatment Response in Drug-Naïve First Episode Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Li ◽  
Xiaoduo Fan ◽  
Xiuxia Yuan ◽  
Lijuan Pang ◽  
Shaohua Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
Risperidone Treatment

Background: Butyric acid, a major short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), has an important role in the microbiota–gut–brain axis and brain function. This study investigated the role of butyric acid in treatment response in drug-naïve first episode schizophrenia.Methods: The study recruited 56 Chinese Han schizophrenia inpatients with normal body weight and 35 healthy controls. Serum levels of butyric acid were measured using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis at baseline (for all participants) and 24 weeks after risperidone treatment (for patients). Clinical symptoms were measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for patients at both time points.Results: At baseline, there was no significant difference in serum levels of butyric acid between patients and healthy controls (p = 0.206). However, there was a significant increase in serum levels of butyric acid in schizophrenia patients after 24-week risperidone treatment (p = 0.030). The PANSS total and subscale scores were decreased significantly after 24-week risperidone treatment (p's &lt; 0.001). There were positive associations between baseline serum levels of butyric acid and the reduction ratio of the PANSS total and subscale scores after controlling for age, sex, education, and duration of illness (p's &lt; 0.05). Further, there was a positive association between the increase in serum levels of butyric acid and the reduction of the PANSS positive symptoms subscale scores (r = 0.38, p = 0.019) after controlling for potential confounding factors.Conclusions: Increased serum levels of butyric acid might be associated with a favorable treatment response in drug-naïve, first episode schizophrenia. The clinical implications of our findings were discussed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Herniarin on Spatial Working Memory, Pain Threshold, and Oxidative Stress in Ischemic Hypoperfusion Model in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Zahra Nazari Barchestani ◽  
◽  
Maryam Rafieirad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Pain Thresholds ◽  
Ischemic Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background: Ischemia causes severe neuronal damage and induces oxidative stress, memory impairment, and reduces pain threshold. Herniarin is a powerful antioxidant. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of herniarin on memory, pain, and oxidative stress in an ischemia model in male rats. Materials & Methods: In this study, 50 male rats were divided into 5 groups of control, sham, ischemic, and two other ischemic groups, which received herniarin at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg by gavage for 14 days. Behavioral tests were performed by shuttle box, and Y-maze and pain tests were performed by Tail-Flick test. Then, the rats’ brains were extracted to evaluate lipid peroxidation and measure the levels of thiol and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) in the hippocampus and striatum tissues. The results were expressed as Mean±SEM and then analyzed using suitable statistical methods of ANOVA and least significant difference post-hoc test in SPSS V. 20. Results: Herniarin significantly increased the avoidance memory, spatial memory, and pain thresholds of ischemic rats at different concentrations (P<0.001). Besides, the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiol in the ischemic group increased significantly in comparison to the control group (P<0.001). Also, in the ischemic group, GPX (P<0.001) significantly decreased. Decreased MDA (P<0.001) and thiol (P<0.001) and increased GPX levels were observed with herniarin administration (P<0.01). Conclusion: According to this study’s results, herniarin can remove free radicals and oxidant substances from the brain. Thus, it improves memory and pain thresholds in the brain hypoperfusion ischemia model.

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