scholarly journals Comparison of Central Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness in Diabetic Patients with and without Diabetic Retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Haider ◽  
Uzma Sattar ◽  
Muhammad Amjad
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ophthalmic Examination ◽  
Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Purpose:  To compare the Central subfoveal choroidal thickness (CCT) in diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy. Study Design:  Cross sectional observational study. Place and Duration of Study:  Al-Ehsan Welfare Eye Hospital, Lahore, from June 2019 to May 2020. Methods:  One hundred and twenty patients with type II diabetes were included with a mean age of57±0.9. Patients were divided into two groups (60 in each group) based on presence or absence of diabetic retinopathy after ophthalmic examination. Group A comprised of patients showing signs of retinopathy and group B with no signs of diabetic retinopathy. After detailed ophthalmic examination, spectral–domain OCT was performed for the measurement of central subfoveal choroidal thickness. The differences in measurements were analyzed and measured by using SPSS version 22. Results:  Out of 120 patients, 69 (57.5%) were males and 51 were females (42.5%).  Mean age of patients was 58.8 ± 10 years with minimum 28 years and maximum 94 years. Central choroidal thickness in group A showed a mean value of 239 ± 41 µm with standard error of mean 3.76. While diabetic patients having no signs of diabetic retinopathy (Group B) showed mean subfoveal choroidal thickness of 240 ± 42 µm with standard error of mean 3.89. The difference in central subfoveal choroidal thickness in both groups was 1.337 which is statistically insignificant with p value of 0.250. Conclusion:  Central choroidal thickness amongst diabetic patients with and without signs of retinopathy does not have any significant changes. Key Words:  Choroid, Diabetic retinopathy, Optical Coherence Tomography.

scholarly journals Stringent glycemic control is still the key to evade diabetic retinopathy.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 1011-1016
Author(s):  
Syed Munawar Alam ◽  
Sagheer Ahmed ◽  
Shazia Bano ◽  
Shahneela Perveen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Review

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the major determinants of diabetic retinopathy. Study Design: Cross sectional, case control study. Setting: Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre, Karachi. Period: March 2015 to April 2016. Material & Methods: Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Board of JPMC. A total of 208 people including type 2 diabetic patients and healthy control subjects; of male gender, aged between ≥30 years and ≤ 60 years were recruited and assigned to four study groups. Each group comprise of 52 individuals, depending on the ophthalmoscopy findings, i.e. healthy controls, diabetic without retinopathy (NDR), diabetic with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and diabetic with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Fasting blood sugar was estimated using GOD-PAP method, while HbA1c was estimated by HPLC method. Data was analyzed on SPSS software version 16. Results: Diabetics with Diabetic Retinopathy had a poor glycemic control as compare to Diabetics without Diabetic Retinopathy (FBS; 109.12 ± 13.81 vs. 184.29 ± 40.07 vs. 188.6 ± 47.68 vs. 217.06 ± 62.33; p-value = 0.001) (HbA1c; 6.73 ± 0.56 vs. 8.40 ± 1.77 vs. 9.71 ± 1.85 vs. 14.91 ± 3.87; p-value = 0.001). For Diabetic Retinopathy the odds ratio of glycemic control i.e. FBS was observed as 1.019 & HbA1c was recorded as 1.561; which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Glycemic indicators; including FBS and HbA1c, are found to be the major determinants of Diabetic Retinopathy in our study.

scholarly journals HYPERLIPIDEMIC PATIENTS;

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marium Shoukat ◽  
Hijab Batool ◽  
Faiza Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Protective Role ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Atheromatous Plaque ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objectives: Role of niacin in decreasing cardiovascular accidents by lowering the levels of Apo-B in hyperlipidemic patients. Background: In hyperlipidemia, there are high levels of atherogenic lipoproteins leading to higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. Patients with dyslipidemia use statins as a mainstay of therapy over last many decades. Recent studies show that apolipoproteins play a major role in formation of atheromatous plaque, thus there is an urgent need to study the effects of lipid lowering medication on apolipoprotiens levels. Study Design: Cross sectional analytical study. Setting: Sheikh Zayed Hospital Lahore (Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology). Period: 12 weeks from July to Sep 2014. Materials and Methods: Recently diagnosed hyperlipidemic patients (n=44) were selected for the study purpose and divided into two equal groups; A and B. Each group was given different medication. Group A took only statin while group B took a combination of statin and niacin. Blood samples were taken at the start of medication and then after completion of 12 week time period. Results: At the start of the treatment there was no significant difference in the Apo B cholesterol level between the two groups (p value 0.972). However, after the end of 12 week duration, there was a significant reduction in the Apo level of group B taking statin and niacin as compared to group A taking statin alone (p value 0.003). Conclusions: Niacin has cardio-protective role when used in combination with niacin.

scholarly journals DIATHERMY INCISIONS V/S SURGICAL SCALPEL INCISIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1550-1524
Author(s):  
Khawar Saeed Jamali ◽  
Naveed Ali Khan ◽  
Muhammad Jawed ◽  
Ubedullah Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
General Surgery ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Surgical Outcome ◽  
Seroma Formation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the outcome of diathermyincisions v/s surgical scalpel incisions in general surgery. Study Design: Cross sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at surgical unit 7, Sindh Govt. LyariGeneral Hospital and Dow University of Health Sciences between January to December 2009.Methodology: 100 consecutive patients for elective general surgery were randomly assignedto either group A incision with cutting diathermy (n=50) or group B cold steel scalpel (n=50).Data including demographic details, hospital stay, infection rate and non-infective complicationslike swelling, bleeding, dehiscence and seroma formation were recorded in both groups tocompare the final surgical outcome compared. Results: A total of 80 patients were included inthe study, placed alternatively into two groups of 40 patients each with majority being male (n =61, 76.3%). The mean age was 22.46 years. The positive predictive value for patients of Group Awas 92.5% while for Group B was 77.5%. When diagnostic accuracy was compared on the basisof Gender for the two groups, the positive predictive value for male patients of Group A and Bwas 90.09% and 89.28% respectively, but for females the positive predictive value of Group Aand B was 100% and 50% respectively. In Diathermy (Group A) total 20% patients developedcomplications and these were seroma formation (n=4, 8%), wound dehiscence (n=3, 6%) andwound infection (n=3, 6%). In Scalpel (Group B) total 26% patients developed complications(P-value=0.370) in which seromas was noted (n=5, 10%) then wound infection (n=4, 8%), thenwound bleeding (n=3, 6%) and lastly seroma formation (n=1, 2%). Hospital stays were alsoalmost similar with mean value 8.24 days in diathermy group and 10.54 days in scalpel group.No remarkable difference in demographics, characteristics and in other variables of patientswas noted. Conclusion: We conclude that no significant difference in surgical outcome ofboth groups (cutting diathermy Vs. steel scalpel). Therefore, use of either technique to createsurgical wound merely depends upon preference of surgeon.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF MISWAK AS COMPARED WITH TOOTHBRUSH: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1582-84
Author(s):  
Hassam Anjum Mir ◽  
Mubashir Sharif ◽  
Ali Asif ◽  
Maleeha Shamim ◽  
Maaz Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Index Score ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective: To determine if the traditional chewing stick Miswak was as effective in cleaning teeth as Toothbrush. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, from Aug 2020 to Jan 2021. Methodology: A total of 300 subjects were included which were divided in two groups on the basis of whether they used miswak or toothbrush as a cleaning aid. Group A was toothbrush users and group B was Miswak user. Plaque Index was used to determine the cleanliness of teeth. The scores were recorded and data analyzed using SPSS-23. Results: The means and standard deviations of Plaque Index score for group A and B were 0.96 ± 0.58 and 0.98 ± 0.56 respectively. The comparison of Plaque Index score for both groups was insignificant with the p-value of 0.083. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it is concluded that, no significant difference was found in the effectiveness of traditional miswak and tooth brush. It is recommended that if the technique of teeth cleaning is good then any of the abovementioned means of teeth cleaning can be used.

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF TAP BLOCK AND PLACEBO FOR PAIN IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CSECTION SURGERY

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-69
Author(s):  
Usman Khalid ◽  
Kaukab Majeed ◽  
Maihmoona Yasmeen ◽  
Khalid Mehmood ◽  
Muhammad Ali Muazzam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transversus Abdominis Plane Block ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Transversus Abdominis Plane ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective: To compare efficacy of transversus abdominis plane block and placebo for pain in patients undergoing C-section surgery. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anaesthesiology, Combined Military Hospital Quetta, from Apr toOct 2018. Methodology: A sample size of 200 patients calculated by WHO calculator undergoing Elective C-section andof age 20-40 year were randomized in a double blind study to undergo transversus abdominis plane block orplacebo group in two equal groups. Group A received block as placebo and group B with Bupivacaine. Resultsrecorded and analysed there-after for conclusion. Results: The mean age of patients in group A was 29.98 ± 5.18 years and in group B was 29.68 ± 5.43 years (pvalue ≤0.01). Majority of the patients 141 (70.50%) were between 31 to 40 years of age. Out of 200 patients, 108 (54.0%) were ASA I and 92 (46.0%) were ASA II (p-value ≤0.01). Mean body mass index was 25.20 ± 2.28 kg/m2 (p-value ≤0.01). Meantime for the first analgesia in the patients undergoing elective C-section in group A (placebo group) was 4.96 ± 1.44 hours while in group B (transversus abdominis plane block group) was 11.24 ± 1.83 hours (p-value ≤0.01). Conclusion: This study concluded that meantime for the first analgesia was found longer in TransversusAbdominis plane block for post-operative pain management in patients undergoing elective C-section.

scholarly journals Haematocrit Value in Preeclampsia

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sankar Kumar Basak ◽  
Kohinoor Begum ◽  
Maliha Rashid ◽  
Nahid Yasmin ◽  
Hasina Begum
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Objective(s): To assess the association between the haematocrit value and severity of preeclampsia.Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka during the period of January 2012 to December 2013. Total of 100 patients were studied and they were divided into two groups – group-A and group-B. Fifty preeclamptic patients were included in the group-A and 50 normal pregnant women were included in the group-B.Results: Majority of preeclamptic women (68%) and normal pregnant women (76%) were in the age group of 20-30 years with the mean ages of group-A and group-B subjects were 26.50±5.71 and 26.26±4.91 years respectively. Eighty six percent of group-A and 70% of group-B women were of lower socioeconomic status. Majority of the study subjects (74% of group-A and 80% of group-B) were housewife. More than half (54%) of the preeclamptic women were primigravid and 60% of normal pregnant women were multigravid. Among the preeclamptic subjects 16 (32%) had mild hypertension (DBP<110mmHg) and 34 (68%) had severe hypertension (DBP ? 110 mmHg). Out of 50 preeclamptic subjects 45 (90%) had severe proteinuria (+++) and only 5 (10%) had moderate (++) proteinuria.The mean haematocrit value of preeclamptic patients was 34.881±3.03 and that of normal pregnant women was 31.94±1.2. It was statistically significant (P value 0.001). The mean haematocrit value of normal pregnant, mild and severe preeclamptic women were 31.94±1.2, 33.31±2.57 and 35.62±2.95 respectively. It was also statistically significant (P value 0.001).Conclusion: This study shows that haematocrit value of preeclamptic patients is significantly higher compared to that of the normal pregnant women (P<0.05). There is a strong association of increasead haematocrit and preeclampsia.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2015; Vol. 30(2) : 80-85

LARYNGEAL MASK AIRWAY PLACEMENT: A COMPARISON BETWEEN PROPOFOL AND THIOPENTONE SODIUM IN THE DAY CASE SURGERY

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Yasmeen Afridi ◽  
Naheed Fatima ◽  
Suresh Kumar ◽  
Khawaja Kamal Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Laryngeal Mask Airway ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Laryngeal Mask ◽  
P Value ◽  
Induction Agent ◽  
Day Case ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thiopentone Sodium ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

BACKGROUND: Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) placement is now considered a common airway management practice. Although there are many studies which focus on various airway techniques, research regarding difficult LMA placement is limited, particularly for anesthesiologist trainees OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) placement after induction with propofol or thiopentone in one hundred day case urological patients. METHODS: An analytical, non interventional, cross sectional comparative study. Patients were divided into Group A (Propofol Group n=50) received propofol (2.5mg/kg) and Group B (Thiopentone group n=50) received thiopentone sodium (4-6 mg/kg) IV. Management of anaesthesia was identical in both groups. Standard monitoring was including NIBP, pulse oxymetery and ECG was done. Co-induction with done with midazolam 0.1 mg/kg body weight. LMA was inserted after adequate level of anaesthesia and then assessed. The presence of gaging, coughing, laryngospasm and movement were noted , recorded by a colleague anaesthetist who entered the induction room during the two minutes assisted ventilation phase and was not aware of the type of induction agent. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 10. The mean and standard deviation was calculated for age. Frequency of subjects was calculated for gender Lund and stovner assessment scheme. The p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Thiopentone was associated with an adverse response in 76% of patients, compared with propofol in 26% (p<0.01). Head movement, Laryngospasm, inadequate jaw relaxation were more common using thiopentone (p<0.05). The quality of anaesthesia according to patients was significantly higher in the propofol group (Group A, 80%) than in thiopentone group (Group B, 30%). CONCLUSION: Adverse responses in Group A were less than Group B. Propofol, therefore is superior to thiopentone as an induction agent for laryngeal mask airway.

EFFECT OF HAMSTRING TIGHTNESS ON DYNAMIC BALANCE IN YOUNG FEMALES AGED 19-25 YEARS

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Harsha Khilnani ◽  
Priti Mehendale (PT)
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
P Value ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Group A ◽  
Star Excursion Balance Test ◽  
Group B

Aim of the study- To compare the dynamic balance in young females with normal Body Mass Index (B.M.I.) with and without hamstring tightness. Method- It was a cross-sectional, comparative study. 22 young females were included in the study. Hamstring tightness was assessed using the Active Knee Extension (AKE) Test and based on the values; subjects were divided into 2 groups- Group A (with tightness) and Group B (without tightness). Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) was used to assess the dynamic balance in subjects from both groups. The data was analysed results were compared using appropriate statistical tools. The study showed that st Result- ar excursion balance test values were more in the group without tightness (p-value <0.0012) as compared to the group with tightness. Dynamic balance as Conclusion- measured by star excursion balance test is better in subjects without hamstring tightness as compared to subjects with hamstring tightness.

Free insulin-like growth factor 1 in the vitreous fluid of diabetic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a case-control study

2003 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael SIMÓ ◽  
Cristina HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
Rosa M. SEGURA ◽  
José GARCÍA-ARUMÍ ◽  
Laura SARAROLS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Vitreous Fluid ◽  
Free Insulin ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Igfbp 3

The aim of the study was to evaluate the vitreous levels of free insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). For this, a total of 36 diabetic patients with PDR (group A) and 28 non-diabetic patients (group B) in whom a vitrectomy was performed were compared. Both groups were matched by age, sex and serum-free IGF-1. In a subgroup of diabetic patients (n = 21) and non-diabetic patients (n = 13), vitreous and serum total IGF-1, IGF-binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) and IGFBP-3 were also determined. Serum and vitreous levels of free IGF-1, total IGF-1, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 were measured by immunological methods. Vitreal proteins were assessed by a turbidimetric method and adjusted for vitreous haemoglobin. Vitreous levels of free IGF-1 were elevated in group A (median, 0.16ng/ml; range 0.06–0.57ng/ml) in comparison with group B (median, 0.12ng/ml; range 0.06–0.22ng/ml; P<0.001); however, after adjusting for vitreal proteins, free IGF-1 levels were significantly lower in group A in comparison with group B [0.05ng/mg (0.01–0.45ng/mg) versus 0.15ng/mg (0.07–0.66ng/mg); P<0.001]. The relatively lower free IGF-1 level observed in group A could not be attributed to differences in the distribution of intravitreous IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 in relation to total IGF-1. Notably, the contribution of free IGF-1 to total IGF-1 in vitreous fluid was 10% in group A and 42% in group B; these percentages largely exceed that obtained in serum (<1%). Our results suggest that although there is an enhancement of intravitreous free IGF-1 in diabetic patients due to serum diffusion, a deficit in its intraocular production also exists. In addition, these findings support the concept that intraocular-produced free IGF-1 plays a relevant role in retinal homoeostasis.

scholarly journals Comparison of Retinal Sensitivity by Automated Perimetry in Middle Aged Type 2 Diabetic Patients with and without Diabetic Retinopathy - A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Centre in West Bengal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (13) ◽  
pp. 835-839
Author(s):  
Abhinav Marlapati ◽  
Sambuddha Ghosh ◽  
Swati Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Retinal Sensitivity ◽  
Automated Perimetry ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group 2

BACKGROUND We wanted to measure and compare retinal sensitivity in central 30 degree in diabetic patients, with and without diabetic retinopathy in different stages, evaluate changes in retinal sensitivity in relation to change in HbA1c values, measure and compare GCL thickness in various stages of DR with the help of optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS This observational, cross-sectional study involving 100 eyes of 100 middle aged (45 - 64 years) type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (50 eyes without DR - group 1 & 50 eyes with DR - group 2) without any other ocular abnormalities was conducted in the outpatient and in-patient departments of department of ophthalmology in a tertiary care centre in West Bengal. Non-randomised sequential sampling was performed with corrected visual acuity better than or equal to 6 / 12. Fasting and postprandial blood glucose and HbA1c were estimated. Detailed ocular examination was performed using direct and indirect ophthalmoscope with + 20 D lens and slit lamp bio-microscope using + 90D lens. Retinal sensitivity was assessed by Humphrey visual field analyser by Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm (SITA) standard strategy (30 - 2 programme). Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) was performed in all patients. SPSS version 20 has been used for the analysis. RESULTS Among DR patients, 33 had mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) (male = 15, female = 18) and 17 had moderate NPDR (male = 7, female = 10). Mean age in DR (Gr. 2) and no DR (Gr. 1) group were 52.62 and 50.74 years respectively. Mean foveal sensitivity and mean retinal sensitivity decreased significantly (P-value 0.001 and 0.002 respectively) in group 2 patients. It further decreased with increased severity of DR. Mean ganglion cell + inner plexiform layer (GC + IPL) thickness in temporal quadrant decreased in DR group compared to no DR group with significant difference between the two (P-value < 0.001). Mean retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness was significantly reduced in DR group (P-value < 0.001). HbA1c mean in no DR (6.7 %) and DR group (8.07 %) and in mild (7.5 %) and moderate NPDR (9.17 %) shows significant association of poor control of blood sugar with severity of DR. CONCLUSIONS Retinal sensitivity decreased significantly in diabetes even without retinopathy as detected by automated perimetry. Significant decrease in retinal thickness as detected by OCT suggested that neurodegeneration occurs in diabetes even without retinopathy. So automated perimetry and OCT could be helpful in identifying persons at an early stage who are at risk of future vision loss due to diabetes. KEYWORDS Diabetic Retinopathy, Retinal Neurodegeneration, Retinal Sensitivity, Automated Perimetry, GCL + IPL Thickness, RNFL Thickness

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