Liver pathology in spontaneous superinvasive opistorchiasis in synanthropic animals in hyperendemic hotbed

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
E. D. Khadieva ◽  
◽  
S. V. Kulikova ◽  
S. D. Lazarev ◽  
R. M. Uruzbaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Liver Pathology ◽  
Opisthorchis Felineus ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrates

Opisthorchiasis is a parasitic disease that represents a serious medical and social problem for the population living in the area of vegetation of opisthorchis larval stages. The parasitic disease significantly reduces the activity and potential of the indigenous and newcomer population of hyperendemic hotbeds. Wild and domestic animals are actively involved in maintaining the epidemiological tension of the hotbeds, among the latter, cats and dogs infected with opisthorchiasis, in which the pathomorphology of the liver and oncogenesis have not been studied, are of great importance. On the basis of sufficient factual material, this gap has been partially filled in this work. Aim. To determine the features of pathomorphological transformations of the liver and pancreas in spontaneous opisthorchiasis in cats and dogs, to identify the possibility of oncogenesis against the background of superinvasive opisthorchiasis (SO) in synanthropic animals of a hyperendemic hotbed. Material and methods. The pathomorphology of the liver and pancreas in 48 animals was studied. The specimens were processed by histological, histochemical methods, the indices of the area of inflammatory infiltrates, granulomas, necroses were calculated, the indicators were subjected to statistical processing. Results. In superinvasive opisthorchiasis, cats and dogs develop a complex of structural proliferating transformations characteristic of other hosts of the parasite – humans, laboratory animals. In synanthropic animals, against the background of SO, the development of malignant neoplasms is possible. Conclusion. Superinvasive opisthorchiasis in synanthropic animals causes permanent proliferation of progenitor cells of the liver and pancreas, which provides the promotor effect of oncogenesis in the liver – the main econiche of Opisthorchis felineus vegetation.

scholarly journals Trypanosome diseases of domestic animals in Nyasaland. II. —Trypanosoma capræ (Kleine)

1913 ◽  
Vol 86 (587) ◽  
pp. 278-284 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Large Round

This species belongs to the vivax group, which consists of three species:— Trypanosoma uniforme, T. vivax , and T. capræ . They are all characterised by their extreme motility; clear cell contents; large, round, terminal micronucleus; and lastly, by the fact that the vivax group only infects cattle, goats, and sheep, and is harmless to the smaller laboratory animals. All three develop in the proboscis of the tsetse flies and not in the alimentary tract, as do other pathogenic trypanosomes. T. vivax is stated to be pathogenic to horses, mules, and donkeys, but there has been no opportunity of testing these animals at Kasu with T. capræ .

scholarly journals CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASBESTOS BODY CORES BY ELECTRON MICROPROBE ANALYSIS

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 723-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTHUR M. LANGER ◽  
IVAN B. RUBIN ◽  
IRVING J. SELIKOFF
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Absolute Identification ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Asbestos Body

Inhalation of asbestos may be associated with increased risk of developing malignant neoplasms. Some of the fibers become coated in the lung, resulting in "asbestos bodies." The occurrence of structures with the appearance of asbestos bodies in the lungs of urban dwellers the world over, individuals with no known exposure to these mineral fibers, has raised the question of whether the community at large may also have increased risk of neoplasia as the result of chance environmental asbestos exposure. Since other fibrous materials may also sometimes become so coated, epidemiology evaluation of the presence of asbestos bodies has been hampered by difficulties in obtaining absolute identification of the cores of the bodies found. Five fibrous silicates, consisting of four amphiboles (amosite, anthophyllite, crocidolite and tremolite) and one serpentine (chrysotile), constitute the asbestos mineral group. Chemically, they are diverse enough for unique identification. The electron microprobe analyzer permits microchemical analysis of particles in the sublight microscopic size range. Analysis of asbestos body cores requires particle selection, extraction from tissue matrix, a suitable conducting substrate, proper coating material, selection of optimal instrumental operating conditions and comparison of unknown cores with known fiber standards. In this investigation, asbestos body cores have been analyzed from tissues obtained from occupationally exposed individuals (known fiber exposure), laboratory animals (known exposure) and individuals with no known occupational exposure. Cores of bodies have been analyzed as amosite, chrysotile, chemically degraded chrysotile and cores of undetermined nature. Amosite fibers as cores of asbestos bodies show no marked chemical degradation even after prolonged biologic residence, whereas chrysotile asbestos cores are markedly degraded. Cores of asbestos bodies from the general population, from individuals with no known exposure, may consist of degraded chrysotile, synthetic silicate fibers and, in some cases, amphibole asbestos.

scholarly journals Infection and cancer in multicellular organisms

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1673) ◽  
pp. 20140224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Ewald ◽  
Holly A. Swain Ewald
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Oncogenic Transformation ◽  
Short Survival ◽  
Uncertain Evidence ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

Evolutionary considerations suggest that oncogenic infections should be pervasive among animal species. Infection-associated cancers are well documented in humans and domestic animals, less commonly reported in undomesticated captive animals, and rarely documented in nature. In this paper, we review the literature associating infectious agents with cancer to evaluate the reasons for this pattern. Non-malignant infectious neoplasms occur pervasively in multicellular life, but oncogenic progression to malignancy is often uncertain. Evidence from humans and domestic animals shows that non-malignant infectious neoplasms can develop into cancer, although generally with low frequency. Malignant neoplasms could be difficult to find in nature because of a low frequency of oncogenic transformation, short survival after malignancy and reduced survival prior to malignancy. Moreover, the evaluation of malignancy can be ambiguous in nature, because criteria for malignancy may be difficult to apply consistently across species. The information available in the literature therefore does not allow for a definitive assessment of the pervasiveness of infectious cancers in nature, but the presence of infectious neoplasias and knowledge about the progression of benign neoplasias to cancer is consistent with a widespread but largely undetected occurrence.

The spatial relationship between the musculature and the 5-HT and FMRFamide immunoreactivities in cercaria, metacercaria and adult Opisthorchis felineus (Digenea)

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Tolstenkov ◽  
Nadezhda Terenina ◽  
Elena Serbina ◽  
Margaretha Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Neuromuscular System ◽  
Opisthorchis Felineus ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe organisation of the neuromuscular system in cercariae, metacercariae and adult Opisthorchis felineus was studied. The patterns of nerves immunoreactive (IR) to antibodies towards serotonin (5-HT) and FMRFamide are described in relation to the musculature, stained with TRITC-conjugated phalloidin. The general organisation of the musculature in the body wall, suckers, pharynx, intestine and sphincter of the excretory pore remains the same from the larval stages to the adult worms. However, the diameter of the individual muscle fibres increases distinctly in the adult worms. The general pattern of 5-HT IR fibres in cercariae, metacercariae and adult O. felineus remains the same. Despite the large increase in body size, the number of 5-HT IR neurones remains almost the same in the cercariae and metacercariae and only a modest increase in number of neurones was observed in the adult worms. Thus the proportion of 5-HT IR neurones/body mass is greatest in the actively moving cercariae. Anti-FMRFamide stains the nervous system strongly.

scholarly journals Central and peripheral administration of kisspeptin activates gonadotropin but not somatotropin secretion in prepubertal gilts

Reproduction ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 879-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clay A Lents ◽  
Neely L Heidorn ◽  
C Richard Barb ◽  
J Joe Ford
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Somatotropic Hormone ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Dose Dependent

It is well established that kisspeptin signaling is necessary for the onset of puberty in laboratory animals. However, the role that kisspeptin may have in regulating puberty in large domestic animals is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that either central or peripheral infusion of kisspeptin would stimulate gonadotropin and GH secretion in prepubertal gilts. In experiment 1, prepubertal gilts were fitted with i.c.v. cannula and indwelling jugular catheters. Animals were randomly assigned to receive 0, 10, or 100 μg kisspeptin in saline. In experiment 2, prepubertal gilts, fitted with indwelling jugular catheters, randomly received 0, 1, 2.5, or 5 mg kisspeptin in saline intravenously. Serial blood samples were collected every 15 min for 3 h before and 5 h after infusions, and serum concentrations of LH, FSH, and GH were determined. Mean concentrations of LH and FSH remained at basal levels for control animals but were increased (P<0.001) for animals receiving i.c.v. infusion of kisspeptin. Area under the LH and FSH curves following i.c.v. infusion of kisspeptin increased (P<0.001) in a dose-dependent manner. Concentrations of GH were unaffected by i.c.v. treatment. Peripheral administration of kisspeptin increased (P<0.05) serum concentrations of LH but not FSH or GH. Thus, kisspeptin can activate gonadotropic but not somatotropic hormone secretion in prepubertal gilts. The present data support the concept that kisspeptin plays a role in the mechanism involved in initiating puberty in swine.

scholarly journals Canine Ocular Thelaziosis in Slovakia a Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Balicka ◽  
M. Lapšanská ◽  
M. Halán ◽  
A. Trbolová
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Thelazia Callipaeda ◽  
Corneal Ulceration ◽  
The Third

Abstract Thelaziosis is a parasitic disease of the eye that has become more common in Europe over the last twenty years. It is caused by a nematode, order Spirurida, family Thelaziidae. The transmission of this parasite occurs by the dipteran flies. Thelazia callipaeda occurs in the conjunctival sac, under the third eyelid or in the lacrimal ducts, causing blepharospasm, conjunctivitis, keratitis and sometimes corneal ulceration. Thelaziosis is a zoonotic disease. It occurs in humans, domestic animals and wildlife. Between 2016 and 2018 three cases of canine ocular thelaziosis occurred in dogs admitted to the Small Animals Clinic in Kosice, Slovakia. In all cases, the systemic and local treatments were administered. The parasites were removed from the conjunctival sac. The identification of Thelazia callipaeda was performed by microscopic examinations.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Quantitative UHPLC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of Alpha-Chloralose in Feline Blood and Application on Blood Samples Collected From Cats With Symptoms of Alpha-Chloralose Poisoning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrika Windahl ◽  
Sandra Lundgren ◽  
Margareta Sprycha ◽  
Cecilia Tegner ◽  
Kristoffer Dreimanis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Anaesthetic Agent ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Alpha Chloralose ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Clinical Cases

Abstract Alpha-chloralose (AC) is used as a rodenticide as well as an anaesthetic agent in laboratory animals. It was previously also used as an avicide. Detection of AC in blood samples or post-mortem in body tissues is key for diagnosis of clinical cases and a requirement for surveillance of secondary toxicosis, including potential cases in wild animals. Reports on poisoning of humans and non-laboratory animals confirmed by detection of AC or its metabolites are available, although rarely on domestic animals. Furthermore, reports on clinical cases in domestic animals rarely report quantifications of AC in blood or body tissues. The present study describes the validation of a quantitative UHPLC-MS/MS method that can be used in cases of suspected AC poisoning in cats. The validation study showed the method to be fit for purpose. In serum the limit of quantification was 100 ng/mL and the limit of detection 30 ng/mL. The new analytical method was applied on blood samples collected from 20 individual cats with a preliminary clinical diagnosis of acute AC poisoning. Alpha-chloralose was confirmed in all 20 feline blood samples, and the concentration range of AC was 538 -17 500 ng/mL. The quantitative method developed in this study was found to be a fast and selective method for confirmation of AC poisoning using blood samples from cats.

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