scholarly journals New Directions to the Global Century

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patti McGill Peterson
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Global Studies ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Studying Abroad ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Fulbright Scholar ◽  
International Peacekeeping

At the turn of our new century, prognostications of things in store for Americans abounded. Prominent among the predictions was the description of a much more interdependent world, one in which we would be linked by easier travel, lowered national borders and a surge of electronic communication. The importance of international cooperation and the growing significance of the United Nations and international peacekeeping figured significantly in this agenda. Anyone paying attention could not escape the central message: citizens of the United States were going to be part of a Global Century, in which isolation from international cross currents would be impossible, and for which it would be necessary to prepare future generations of Americans. There has been a noticeable and commendable effort in recent years on the part of a number of colleges and universities to develop more coherent approaches to their goal of becoming more globally focused institutions. More students are studying abroad (although still a very small percentage), and the range of their study abroad opportunities has widened considerably. While U.S. faculty may not be as engaged internationally as some of their counterparts in other countries, applications for the Fulbright Scholar Program have increased and more institutions report international experience as valuable for faculty, regardless of their academic disciplines. The monolingual profile of our graduates still needs to be addressed, but a variety of institutions are beginning to look closely at their undergraduate curricula and to build in a broader cross-cultural perspective. Some institutions are introducing global studies tracks. There is reason to be optimistic.

How Contemporary Publics Understand and Experience Happiness: A Cross-Cultural Perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOH CHULL SHIN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
The West ◽  
China And India ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The People ◽  
Culturally Different

AbstractHow do contemporary publics understand happiness? What makes them experience it? Do conceptions and sources of their happiness vary across culturally different societies? This paper addresses these questions, utilizing the 2008 round of the AsiaBarometer surveys conducted in six countries scattered over four different continents. Analyses of these surveys, conducted in Japan, China, and India from the East; and the United States, Russia, and Australia from the West, reveal a number of interesting cross-cultural differences and similarities in the way the people of the East and West understand and experience happiness. Specifically, the former are much less multidimensional than the latter in their conceptions of happiness. Yet, they are alike in that their sense of relative achievement or deprivation is the most pervasive and powerful influence on happiness.

“Gender Utopias?”: U.S. Student Reflections on Studying Abroad in Norway and Sweden

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristjane Nordmeyer ◽  
Trisha Teig ◽  
Nicole Bedera
Keyword(s):  
Study Abroad ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Studying Abroad ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
Progressive Policy ◽  
Student Reflections ◽  
Teaching Ideas

This article describes a study abroad experience in Norway and Sweden that was designed to explore gender equality in two of the world’s most gender-progressive countries. Course readings explored the work of feminist sociologists and asked students to think critically about gender equality from a cross-cultural perspective. Students met with leaders in Norway and Sweden who are involved in creating gender-progressive policy and culture, including members of parliament, representatives in the film industry, and social policy experts. Student pre-trip and post-trip responses to writing prompts and trip reflection journals demonstrated the development of an intersectional approach to thinking about gender equality. While some aspects of gender equality were anticipated before the trip, other issues of equality only became evident through our discussion with gender leaders in Scandinavia. This article shares major themes from student reflections and discusses teaching ideas for future study abroad trips.

Global Issues: Education in Cross-Cultural Perspective: Spain and the United States

1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Adoración Albaladejo Sánchez ◽  
María A. Herrera-Menchén ◽  
Paul Witkowsky ◽  
Adoracion Albaladejo Sanchez ◽  
Maria A. Herrera-Menchen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Global Issues

scholarly journals To raise a child with autism spectrum disorder: A qualitative, comparative study of parental experiences in the United States and Senegal

2020 ◽  
pp. 136346152095334
Author(s):  
Adair Cardon ◽  
Tara Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Community Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Parental Experiences ◽  
American Families

Raising a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can often be a difficult and stressful process for families and caregivers. Though research on ASDs in Africa is burgeoning, very little is known about autism in francophone West Africa. Furthermore, no known ASD studies have explored parental experiences in particular from a cross-cultural perspective. This research used Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to analyze in-depth, semi-structured interviews with seven Senegalese and seven American families to investigate parental experiences within the Senegalese community with further illustration by cross-cultural comparison. Comparative analysis of data across the two countries was undertaken to identify cultural variables previously unreported, especially those that may affect Senegalese family experience. Analysis of interviews revealed thematic differences in social and community support. Although access to effective treatment services was low among Senegalese families compared to the American families, traditional Senegalese household structures and community relations were hypothesized to serve as protective factors against the high social isolation and resulting logistical struggles reported in the U.S. sample. Further targeted research within the Senegalese environment is recommended, particularly to explore social stigma and its possible effects on families with autism, causal beliefs and treatment practices, and parental mental health and wellbeing.

Tobacco Use by Samples of American and Turkish Students: A Cross-Cultural Study

1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad R. Torabi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public University ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Factors Associated

Tobacco use is a world-wide problem with a significant impact on the health and well-being of many people. To design an effective smoking education program, it is important to understand smoking patterns and factors associated with this additive habit from a cross-cultural perspective. The purpose of this study was to investigate some of the patterns of and certain factors associated with smoking and chewing tobacco behavior among the students of the United States and Turkey. A questionnaire, designed, reviewed, and revised by experts, was administered to a representative sample of 450 college students in a major public university in the United States. It was then translated and reviewed by bilingual authorities. The investigator administered the questionnaire to a sample of 450 representative college students in a counterpart public university in Turkey. The results indicate that a significant number of college students in both countries use tobacco. The patterns of smoking and various factors associated with tobacco use, however, are different in the two cultures. It was concluded that international health education programs which are sensitive to cultural differences are the key to ultimately eliminating this major health crisis.

Book Reviews

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-381
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Economic Games ◽  
Experimental Economic

Jeffrey V. Butler of EIEF and University of Nevada, Las Vegas reviews “Experimenting with Social Norms: Fairness and Punishment in Cross-Cultural Perspective”, by Jean Ensminger and Joseph Henrich. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Seventeen papers, plus thirteen case studies available for download only, explore the historical emergence of prosocial norms and their relationship to economic growth. Papers in the text discuss theoretical foundations─the coevolution of social norms, intrinsic motivation, markets, and the institutions of complex societies; cross-cultural methods, sites, and variables; major empirical results─markets, religion, community size, and the evolution of fairness and punishment; and double-blind dictator games in Africa and the United States─differential experimenter effects. Case studies available for download discuss Hadza behavior in three experimental economic games; the effects of sanctions and third-party enforcers on generosity in Papua New Guinea; an experimental investigation of dictators, ultimatums, and punishment; behavioral experiments in the Yasawa Islands, Fiji; economic game behavior among the Shuar; economic experimental game results from the Sursurunga of New Ireland, Papua New Guinea; Maragoli and Gusii farmers in Kenya─strong collective action and high prosocial punishment; sharing, subsistence, and social norms in Northern Siberia; the influence of property rights and institutions for third-party sanctioning on behavior in three experimental economic games; cooperation and punishment in an economically diverse community in highland Tanzania; social preferences among the people of Sanquianga in Colombia; the effects of birthplace and current context on other-regarding preferences in Accra; and prosociality in rural America─evidence from dictator, ultimatum, public goods, and trust games.” Ensminger is Edie and Lew Wasserman Professor of Social Sciences at the California Institute of Technology. Henrich is Professor and Canada Research Chair in Culture, Cognition, and Coevolution in the Economics and Psychology Departments at the University of British Columbia.

scholarly journals Self-Interest Bias in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Cultural Comparison between the United States and China

2021 ◽  
pp. 002202212110257
Author(s):  
Mengchen Dong ◽  
Giuliana Spadaro ◽  
Shuai Yuan ◽  
Yue Song ◽  
Zi Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Norm Violations ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Social Gathering ◽  
The Individual

In the global crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries attempt to enforce new social norms to prevent the further spread of the coronavirus. A key to the success of these measures is the individual adherence to norms that are collectively beneficial to contain the spread of the pandemic. However, individuals’ self-interest bias (i.e., the prevalent tendency to license own but not others’ self-serving acts or norm violations) can pose a challenge to the success of such measures. The current research examines COVID-19-related self-interest bias from a cross-cultural perspective. Two studies ( N = 1,558) sampled from the United States and China consistently revealed that participants from the United States evaluated their own self-serving acts (exploiting test kits in Study 1; social gathering and sneezing without covering the mouth in public in Study 2) as more acceptable than identical deeds of others, while such self-interest bias did not emerge among Chinese participants. Cultural underpinnings of independent versus interdependent self-construal may influence the extent to which individuals apply self-interest bias to justifications of their own self-serving behaviors during the pandemic.

Move structure and communication style of leaders’ messages in corporate discourse: A cross-cultural perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Sing-Bik Ngai ◽  
Rita Gill Singh
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Corporate Discourse

As an important tool to influence stakeholders’ perception, leader messages, subsumed under public relations discourse, play an integral role in corporate communication. Drawing on the analysis of linguistic move structure and communication styles employed by researchers, this study adopts a multidimensional framework by using both discourse and quantitative analysis to compare how leaders in Global 500 corporations in China and the United States rely upon specific linguistic features to engage stakeholders in corporate discourse published on their websites. The results show pertinent differences in communication styles, where Chinese corporations tend to be more instrumental, elaborate and competitive while US corporations are more affective, succinct and harmonious. These observations depart from previous findings on interpersonal communication styles in cross-cultural research. This study also extends the boundary of corporate genre analysis by suggesting that the moves adopted in the structure of corporate messages are highly specific to the particular genre.

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