Tobacco Use by Samples of American and Turkish Students: A Cross-Cultural Study

1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad R. Torabi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public University ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Factors Associated

Tobacco use is a world-wide problem with a significant impact on the health and well-being of many people. To design an effective smoking education program, it is important to understand smoking patterns and factors associated with this additive habit from a cross-cultural perspective. The purpose of this study was to investigate some of the patterns of and certain factors associated with smoking and chewing tobacco behavior among the students of the United States and Turkey. A questionnaire, designed, reviewed, and revised by experts, was administered to a representative sample of 450 college students in a major public university in the United States. It was then translated and reviewed by bilingual authorities. The investigator administered the questionnaire to a sample of 450 representative college students in a counterpart public university in Turkey. The results indicate that a significant number of college students in both countries use tobacco. The patterns of smoking and various factors associated with tobacco use, however, are different in the two cultures. It was concluded that international health education programs which are sensitive to cultural differences are the key to ultimately eliminating this major health crisis.

scholarly journals Factors underlying cross-cultural differences in stigma toward autism among college students in Lebanon and the United States

Autism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1993-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Gillespie-Lynch ◽  
Nidal Daou ◽  
Maria-Jose Sanchez-Ruiz ◽  
Steven K Kapp ◽  
Rita Obeid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Knowledge Quality ◽  
Autistic People

Although stigma negatively impacts autistic people globally, the degree of stigma varies across cultures. Prior research suggests that stigma may be higher in cultures with more collectivistic orientations. This study aimed to identify cultural values and other individual differences that contribute to cross-cultural differences in autism stigma (assessed with a social distance scale) between college students in Lebanon ( n = 556) and those in the United States ( n = 520). Replicating prior work, stigma was lower in women than men and in the United States relative to Lebanon. Heightened autism knowledge, quality of contact with autistic people, openness to experience, and reduced acceptance of inequality predicted lower stigma. Collectivism was not associated with heightened stigma. Findings highlight the need to address structural inequalities, combat harmful misconceptions, and foster positive contact to combat stigma.

How Contemporary Publics Understand and Experience Happiness: A Cross-Cultural Perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOH CHULL SHIN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
The West ◽  
China And India ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The People ◽  
Culturally Different

AbstractHow do contemporary publics understand happiness? What makes them experience it? Do conceptions and sources of their happiness vary across culturally different societies? This paper addresses these questions, utilizing the 2008 round of the AsiaBarometer surveys conducted in six countries scattered over four different continents. Analyses of these surveys, conducted in Japan, China, and India from the East; and the United States, Russia, and Australia from the West, reveal a number of interesting cross-cultural differences and similarities in the way the people of the East and West understand and experience happiness. Specifically, the former are much less multidimensional than the latter in their conceptions of happiness. Yet, they are alike in that their sense of relative achievement or deprivation is the most pervasive and powerful influence on happiness.

Global Issues: Education in Cross-Cultural Perspective: Spain and the United States

1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Adoración Albaladejo Sánchez ◽  
María A. Herrera-Menchén ◽  
Paul Witkowsky ◽  
Adoracion Albaladejo Sanchez ◽  
Maria A. Herrera-Menchen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Global Issues

Influence of Peer Reactions and Student Attitudes on Student Deviance: Differences Between Japan and the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 1876-1895
Author(s):  
Emiko Kobayashi ◽  
David P. Farrington
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Japanese Students ◽  
Mixed Support ◽  
Two Samples

The current study examines the cross-cultural applicability of Akers’ social learning theory in explaining why Japanese commit fewer deviant acts than Americans. It is predicted that deviance would be less common in Japan because Japanese have less favorable attitudes toward deviance, which in turn are attributable to less favorable peer reactions to deviance. Analyses of comparable survey data from college students in Japan ( N = 583) and the United States ( N = 615) provide mixed support for our arguments. As expected, Japanese students had less favorable attitudes toward deviance because they had peers who reacted less favorably to deviance. Contrary to expectation, however, even after controlling for student attitudes toward deviance and peer reactions to deviance, the initially large difference between the two samples in student deviance remained significant. This was at least partly because, in Japan, compared with the United States, peer reactions and student attitudes had significantly less influence on student deviance.

Culture, Gender, and Assessment of Fear of Fatness

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Ambwani ◽  
Cortney S. Warren ◽  
David H. Gleaves ◽  
Antonio Cepeda-Benito ◽  
Mari Carmen Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Measurement Equivalence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
American Women ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Fear Of Fat

To understand the relevance of the fear of fatness construct across culture and gender, we translated the Goldfarb Fear of Fat Scale (GFFS) and examined its psychometric properties in English and Spanish languages in a sample of Euro-American male (n = 111) and female (n = 100), and Spanish male (n = 114) and female (n = 544) college students in the United States and Spain. Confirmatory and exploratory analyses tested the measurement equivalence of the instrument across samples by gender and culture. Eight of the 10 items appeared to demonstrate measurement invariance. Mean comparisons on the eight-item version suggested that there was a gender by country interaction, with Euro-American women scoring substantially higher than the three other groups. Overall, these results highlight the need for additional examinations of cross-cultural instrument invariance and explorations of the fear of fatness construct.

Relationships between Type a Behavior, Narcissism, and Maternal Closeness for College Students in Japan, the United States of America, and the People's Republic of China

1996 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isao Fukunishi ◽  
Takayuki Nakagawa ◽  
Hiroshi Nakamura ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
Zhang Qiu Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type A Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China

The authors examined the relationships between Type A behavior and narcissism based on scores of college students in Japan, the United States of America, and the People's Republic of China. The scores on narcissism and Type A behavior differed significantly across the groups, being highest among the Chinese. In all three groups, the Type A scores were significantly and positively correlated with the scores on narcissism, and the latter were significantly and negatively correlated with the scores of mother's care. We refer in this study to cross-cultural comparisons from viewpoints of sociocultural and psychological family structure.

scholarly journals Self-Interest Bias in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Cultural Comparison between the United States and China

2021 ◽  
pp. 002202212110257
Author(s):  
Mengchen Dong ◽  
Giuliana Spadaro ◽  
Shuai Yuan ◽  
Yue Song ◽  
Zi Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Norm Violations ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Social Gathering ◽  
The Individual

In the global crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries attempt to enforce new social norms to prevent the further spread of the coronavirus. A key to the success of these measures is the individual adherence to norms that are collectively beneficial to contain the spread of the pandemic. However, individuals’ self-interest bias (i.e., the prevalent tendency to license own but not others’ self-serving acts or norm violations) can pose a challenge to the success of such measures. The current research examines COVID-19-related self-interest bias from a cross-cultural perspective. Two studies ( N = 1,558) sampled from the United States and China consistently revealed that participants from the United States evaluated their own self-serving acts (exploiting test kits in Study 1; social gathering and sneezing without covering the mouth in public in Study 2) as more acceptable than identical deeds of others, while such self-interest bias did not emerge among Chinese participants. Cultural underpinnings of independent versus interdependent self-construal may influence the extent to which individuals apply self-interest bias to justifications of their own self-serving behaviors during the pandemic.

Factors Associated with Parent–Child Communication About HIV/AIDS in the United States and Kenya: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1083-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa N. Poulsen ◽  
Kim S. Miller ◽  
Carol Lin ◽  
Amy Fasula ◽  
Hilde Vandenhoudt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Parent Child Communication ◽  
Hiv Aids ◽  
Parent Child

Anti-intellectualism among US students in journalism and mass communication: A cultural perspective

Journalism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 782-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael McDevitt ◽  
Perry Parks ◽  
Jordan Stalker ◽  
Kevin Lerner ◽  
Jesse Benn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
The United States ◽  
Professional Roles ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Role Identities ◽  
Cultural Expressions

This study explores how support for journalistic anti-intellectualism is condoned in the views of emerging adults in the United States as they develop attitudes toward news, audiences, and authority. Anti-rationalism and anti-elitism as cultural expressions of anti-intellectualism correlate as expected with approval of corresponding news practices. Identification with professional roles generally fails to inoculate college students against the endorsement of journalistic anti-rationalism and anti-elitism. With the exception of the adversarial function, role identities appear to justify journalistic anti-intellectualism beyond the influence of cultural anti-intellectualism. While reflexivity is often viewed as conducive to critical thinking, affinity for transparency in news work associates with a populist suspicion of intellectuals and their ideas.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document