scholarly journals La cirugía bariátrica modifica la diversidad bacteriana y los metabolitos de la microbiota intestinal mejorando el perfil metabólico del huésped y contribuyendo a la reducción del peso

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 162-172
Author(s):  
Roberto E. Vigil-Guerrero ◽  
Manuel Gasco ◽  
Gustavo F. Gonzales

La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica multifactorial de características inflamatorias que afecta a ambos sexos y a todas las edades a nivel mundial, aumentando la morbilidad y mortalidad por diversas enfermedades. La obesidad se asocia a disbiosis de la microbiota intestinal, alterando con ello la absorción de nutrientes y el metabolismo energético. La cirugía bariátrica ha demostrado ser el mejor tratamiento para la obesidad mórbida y las enfermedades asociadas al sobrepeso. Los estudios de los efectos de la cirugía bariátrica sobre la microbiota intestinal, realizados en los últimos cinco años, se caracterizaron por tener poca cantidad de sujetos en las muestras, con seguimientos entre seis meses y un año, teniendo resultados heterogéneos. En general, la cirugía bariátrica produce cambios importantes en la microbiota intestinal, con aumento de los filos Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria y Verrucomicrobia; y disminución del filo Firmicutes. Akkermansia muciniphila puede ser una bacteria-clave asociada a los beneficios obtenidos por la cirugía. La diversidad bacteriana aumenta a partir de los seis meses de la cirugía, y la conformación final de la microbiota, luego de un periodo de adaptación, está asociado a un perfil metabólico bacteriano detox-redox con poca liberación de energía. No se ha demostrado ninguna relación de causalidad entre los cambios de la microbiota intestinal producidos por la cirugía y los efectos beneficiosos de la misma, aunque los estudios de trasplante de material fecal sugieren una verdadera transferencia fenotípica asociada al peso y al perfil metabólico. Conocer los mecanismos de esta relación microbiota-hospedero ayudaría a encontrar intervenciones terapéuticas con los mismos resultados que se obtienen con la cirugía. En conclusión, la cirugía bariátrica induce cambios importantes en la microbiota intestinal, donde los metabolitos bacterianos interactúan con el huésped mejorando el perfil metabólico y contribuyendo a la pérdida del peso.

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Thomas Parker ◽  
Dorothea Taylor ◽  
George M Garrity

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Thomas Parker ◽  
Nicole Danielle Osier ◽  
George M Garrity

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1990-P ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIHO FUJISAKA ◽  
ISAO USUI ◽  
ALLAH NAWAZ ◽  
YOSHIKO IGARASHI ◽  
TOMONOBU KADO ◽  
...  

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Clara Depommier ◽  
Rosa Maria Vitale ◽  
Fabio Arturo Iannotti ◽  
Cristoforo Silvestri ◽  
Nicolas Flamand ◽  
...  

Akkermansia muciniphila is considered as one of the next-generation beneficial bacteria in the context of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Although a first proof-of-concept of its beneficial effects has been established in the context of metabolic syndrome in humans, mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This study aimed at deciphering whether the bacterium exerts its beneficial properties through the modulation of the endocannabinoidome (eCBome). Circulating levels of 25 endogenous endocannabinoid-related lipids were quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the plasma of overweight or obese individuals before and after a 3 months intervention consisting of the daily ingestion of either alive or pasteurized A. muciniphila. Results from multivariate analyses suggested that the beneficial effects of A. muciniphila were not linked to an overall modification of the eCBome. However, subsequent univariate analysis showed that the decrease in 1-Palmitoyl-glycerol (1-PG) and 2-Palmitoyl-glycerol (2-PG), two eCBome lipids, observed in the placebo group was significantly counteracted by the alive bacterium, and to a lower extent by the pasteurized form. We also discovered that 1- and 2-PG are endogenous activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). We hypothesize that PPARα activation by mono-palmitoyl-glycerols may underlie part of the beneficial metabolic effects induced by A. muciniphila in human metabolic syndrome.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thunnicha Ondee ◽  
Krit Pongpirul ◽  
Peerapat Visitchanakun ◽  
Wilasinee Saisorn ◽  
Suthicha Kanacharoen ◽  
...  

AbstractObesity, a major healthcare problem worldwide, induces metabolic endotoxemia through the gut translocation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a major cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria, causing a chronic inflammatory state. A combination of several probiotics including Lactobacillus acidophilus 5 (LA5), a potent lactic acid-producing bacterium, has previously been shown to attenuate obesity. However, data on the correlation between a single administration of LA5 versus microbiota alteration might be helpful for the probiotic adjustment. LA5 was administered daily together with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks in mice. Furthermore, the condition media of LA5 was also tested in a hepatocyte cell-line (HepG2 cells). Accordingly, LA5 attenuated obesity in mice as demonstrated by weight reduction, regional fat accumulation, lipidemia, liver injury (liver weight, lipid compositions, and liver enzyme), gut permeability defect, endotoxemia, and serum cytokines. Unsurprisingly, LA5 improved these parameters and acidified fecal pH leads to the attenuation of fecal dysbiosis. The fecal microbiome analysis in obese mice with or without LA5 indicated; (i) decreased Bacteroidetes (Gram-negative anaerobes that predominate in non-healthy conditions), (ii) reduced total fecal Gram-negative bacterial burdens (the sources of gut LPS), (iii) enhanced Firmicutes (Gram-positive bacteria with potential benefits) and (iv) increased Verrucomycobia, especially Akkermansia muciniphila, a bacterium with the anti-obesity property. With LA5 administration, A. muciniphila in the colon were more than 2,000 folds higher than the regular diet mice as determined by 16S rRNA. Besides, LA5 produced anti-inflammatory molecules with a similar molecular weight to LPS that reduced cytokine production in LPS-activated HepG2 cells. In conclusion, LA5 attenuated obesity through (i) gut dysbiosis attenuation, partly through the promotion of A. muciniphila (probiotics with the difficulty in preparation processes), (ii) reduced endotoxemia, and (iii) possibly decreased liver injury by producing the anti-inflammatory molecules.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junchao Wang ◽  
Wenjuan Xu ◽  
Rongjuan Wang ◽  
Rongrong Cheng ◽  
Zhengquan Tang ◽  
...  

Akkermansia muciniphila is a probiotic inhabiting host intestinal mucus layers and displays evident easing or therapeutic effects on host enteritis and metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. The outer...


ACS Catalysis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 11962-11962
Author(s):  
David Teze ◽  
Bashar Shuoker ◽  
Evan Kirk Chaberski ◽  
Sonja Kunstmann ◽  
Folmer Fredslund ◽  
...  

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