scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants and warfarin in atrial fibrillation patients as part of multicomponent antithrombotic therapy

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Е.Н. Кривошеева ◽  
Е.С. Кропачева ◽  
Е.П. Панченко ◽  
О.А. Землянская ◽  
А.Н. Самко

Цель исследования. Сравнение эффективности и безопасности ПОАК и варфарина в составе многокомпонентной антитромботической терапии у больных ФП в условиях реальной клинической практики. Материалы и методы. Исследование представляет собой анализ пар больных, сопоставимых по риску инсульта, кровотечения и наличию сопутствующих заболеваний, получавших ПОАК или варфарин в составе МАТ и наблюдающихся в отделе клинических проблем атеротромбоза НМИЦ кардиологии в рамках регистра РЕГАТА 2. Влияние приема ПОАК и варфарина в составе МАТ на частоту комбинированной конечной точки эффективности (острый коронарный синдром, ишемический инсульт, венозные тромбоэмболические осложнения и сердечно-сосудистая смерть), а также конечной точки безопасности (геморрагические осложнения BARC 2–5) оценивали с помощью критерия Log-Rank. Отдельно проанализированы подгруппы больных в зависимости от уровня создаваемой антикоагуляции (принимавшие уменьшенную и полную дозы ПОАК и варфарин с уровнем TTR ≥ 65% и < 65%). Результаты. Всего в исследование включена 81 пара пациентов (77,8% мужчины, средний возраст 67,2±7,6 лет). Медиана суммы баллов по шкале CHA2DS2-VASc составила 4, по шкале HAS-BLED – 3, медиана индекса Charlson – 6. В группе варфарина медиана TTR составила 67,0 %. Уменьшенную дозу ПОАК лечащие врачи назначили половине (50,6%) пациентов. Медиана длительности наблюдения составила 12 мес. ПОАК в полной дозе и варфарин с уровнем TTR ≥ 65 % в составе МАТ одинаково эффективны в отношении риска тромботических событий [OP 1.12, ДИ 0.34–3.71]. Назначение ПОАК в уменьшенной дозе ассоциируется с достоверным увеличением частоты всех тромботических событий по сравнению с пациентами, получавшими полную дозу ПОАК или варфарин с уровнем TTR≥65% (Log-Rank p=0,0378). В условиях ежемесячного контроля уровня антикоагуляции частота больших и клинически значимых кровотечений одинакова на фоне приема ПОАК и варфарина в составе МАТ (Log-Rank p=0,7286). Медиана длительности приема МАТ до первого большого или клинически значимого кровотечения составила 41 день. Заключение. Мерами, направленными на повышение безопасности и эффективности МАТ, является ограничение сроков комбинированного антитромботического лечения с назначением полной дозы ПОАК или варфарина с уровнем TTR≥65%. Aim of the study. To compare efficacy and safety of DOACs and warfarin as part of multicomponent antithrombotic therapy in AF patients in real clinical practice. Materials and methods. The study is an analysis of 81 pairs of patients comparable for CHA2DS2-VASc, HAS-BLED scores, and Charlson comorbidity index, of patients receiving DOACs or warfarin as part of multicomponent antithrombotic therapy who observed in the department of clinical problems of atherothrombosis of the NMIC cardiology under the REGATA Register 2. Influence of DOACs and warfarin as a part of MAT on the frequency of the composite efficacy endpoint (acute coronary syndrome, ischemic stroke, venous thromboembolic events and cardiovascular death) and safety endpoint (hemorrhagic complications BARC types 2–5) were assessed using the Log-Rank criterion. Also were analyzed subgroups of patients depending on anticoagulation level (patients received reduced and full doses of DOACs and warfarin with a TTR level of ≥ 65% and <65%). Results. The study included 81 pairs of patients (77,8% men, mean aged 69 ± 8,2 years). The median total score CHA2DS2-VASc was 4, HAS-BLED score – 3, the median of the Charlson index composed – 6. In the warfarin group, the median TTR was 67%. Half (52%) of AF patients received reduced DOACs doses. Median follow up period was 12 month. Frequency of all thrombotic events for full DOACs doses and warfarin with a TTR level of ≥ 65 was similar [HR 1.12, CI 0.34–3.71] in AF patients requiring multicomponent antithrombotic therapy. Reduced DOACs doses are associated with significant increase in the frequency of all thrombotic events compared to patients who received full DOACs doses or warfarin with TTR level of ≥ 65 (Log-Rank p = 0.0378). In case of monthly monitoring of INR level frequency of major and clinically significant bleeding was similar for warfarin with regular monitoring of INR level and DOACs (Log-Rank p = 0.7286). Median duration of MAT before first BARC 2-3 type bleeding was 41 days. Сonclusions. The best option to improve the safety and efficacy of MAT is limiting the duration of combined antithrombotic treatment and prescribing a full dose of DOACs or warfarin with a TTR ≥ 65% level.

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-603
Author(s):  
A. I. Kochetkov ◽  
O. D. Ostroumova

In recent years, there has been a persistent trend towards the more frequent prescription of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) compared with vitamin K antagonists due to the extensive body of evidence showing their high safety and efficacy, which in some cases exceed those of warfarin, and also by reason of there is no necessity for regular monitoring of international normalized ratio. However, the question of the reasonable and rational prescription of DOACs becomes relevant, including issues of their dosing, especially as a result of increasing in the number of patients with a complex cardiovascular risk profile and multimorbidity. In these terms, apixaban stands high among the DOAC class, and its high efficacy and safety both in full dose and reasonably reduced dosage has been proved, including older patients, patients with chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, with history of acute coronary syndrome and individuals undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. This DOAC has strict indications to reduce the dose, they are specified in the drug label, and in such cases a reduced dose should be prescribed, in these clinical conditions the effectiveness and safety of apixaban is also proven. The favorable apixaban pharmacokinetic properties, consisting in low renal clearance, lack of clinically relevant interaction with food and the linear smooth effect on the blood coagulation components without episodes of hypo- and hypercoagulation, are the most important components of high efficacy and safety of this DOAC. The optimal efficacy and safety coupling of apixaban is reflected in the exclusively high patients’ adherence to the treatment confirmed by evidence-based medicine data, and therefore there is no necessity for additional procedures to maintain adherence. All the aforementioned facts allow us to recommend apixaban for widespread use in patients requiring anticoagulant therapy for optimal prevention of systemic thromboembolism and minimizing the associated risk of bleeding.


Kardiologiia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
N. A. Sycheva ◽  
L. Yu. Koroleva ◽  
V. P. Nosov ◽  
G. V. Kovaleva ◽  
N. N. Paikova ◽  
...  

Aim To study efficacy and safety of a triple antithrombotic therapy with direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation after acute coronary syndrome, for 12 months following discharge from the hospital.Materials and methods This single-site cohort, prospective, observational study performed at the Regional Vascular Center 2 of the N.A. Semashko Nizhniy Novgorod Regional Clinical Hospital included 402 patients. It was possible to maintain contacts with 206 patients for 12 months. These patients were divided into two groups, the DOAC treatment (n=105) and the warfarin treatment (n=101) as a part of triple antithrombotic therapy upon discharge. Clinical observation was performed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the discharge by structured telephone interview. Predetermined efficacy endpoints included cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, and ischemic stroke. Safety endpoints included bleeding defined as small, medium (clinically significant), and major in accordance with the TIMI classification.Results At 12 months of follow-up, 80 patients (76.19%) continued taking DOAC and 39 patients (38.61%, p<0.001) continued taking warfarin; in this process, only 25 patients (24.75%) monitored their INR on a regular basis. With a regular INR monitoring and TTR >70%, death rate did not differ in the warfarin and the DOAC treatment groups. However, there was a difference in reaching the composite efficacy endpoint (p=0.048): ischemic events occurred statistically significantly more frequently in the warfarin treatment group than in the DOAC treatment group.Conclusions In 12 months after discharge from the hospital, compliance with the DOAC treatment as a part of the antithrombotic therapy was significantly higher than compliance with the warfarin treatment. The triple antithrombotic therapy with DOAC was safer than the warfarin treatment by the number of hemorrhagic complications and more effective in prevention of ischemic events, primarily due to no need for monitoring of lab test values.


Author(s):  
Karlo Huenerbein ◽  
Parvis Sadjadian ◽  
Tatjana Becker ◽  
Vera Kolatzki ◽  
Eva Deventer ◽  
...  

AbstractIn patients with BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), arterial or venous thromboembolic events (ATE/VTE) are a major burden. In order to control these complications, vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are widely used. There is no robust evidence supporting the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) in MPN patients. We therefore compared the efficacy and safety of both anticoagulants in 71 cases from a cohort of 782 MPN patients. Seventy-one of 782 MPN patients (9.1%) had ATE/VTE with nine ATE (12.7%) and 62 VTE (87.3%). Forty-five of 71 ATE/VTE (63.4%) were treated with VKA and 26 (36.6%) with DOAC. The duration of anticoagulation therapy (p = 0.984), the number of patients receiving additional aspirin (p = 1.0), and the proportion of patients receiving cytoreductive therapy (p = 0.807) did not differ significantly between the VKA and DOAC groups. During anticoagulation therapy, significantly more relapses occurred under VKA (n = 16) compared to DOAC treatment (n = 0, p = 0.0003). However, during the entire observation period of median 3.2 years (0.1–20.4), ATE/VTE relapse-free survival (p = 0.2) did not differ significantly between the two anticoagulants. For all bleeding events (p = 0.516) or major bleeding (p = 1.0), no significant differences were observed between VKA and DOAC. In our experience, the use of DOAC was as effective and safe as VKA, possibly even potentially beneficial with a lower number of recurrences and no increased risk for bleedings. However, further and larger studies are required before DOAC can be routinely used in MPN patients.


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4 (96)) ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
V. Tashchuk ◽  
O. Malinevska-Biliichuk ◽  
I. Makoviichuk ◽  
D. Onofreichuk ◽  
K. Zlonikova

The aim – to determine the peculiarities of duration and treatment of a patient with myocardial infarction, complicated by pulmonary artery thrombosis and oncopathology, to show the complexity of management of such a group of patients.Matherial and methods. A clinical examination of the patient with myocardial infarction, complicated by pulmonary artery thrombosis and oncopathology was conducted.Results. Oncopatients are diagnosed acute coronary syndrome with elevation of ST segment more frequently compared to other patients. Oncothrombosis risk is connected with hypercoagulation and thrombocytopenia, cardiotoxicity of antitumor treatment, prolonged immobilization and procoagulant activity of malignant neoplasms.Сonclusion. Acute coronary syndrome and pulmonary artery thrombosis demand comprehensive approach to treatment, this group of patients has an increased risk of cardiovascular death, multidisciplinary approach and comprehensive analysis of such patients promotes early detection of pathology and timely treatment and prevention. Effective treatment for oncopatients with venous thrombosis are direct oral anticoagulants that reduce the risk of recurrent thrombosis, but should be used with caution in patients who have increased risk of major bleeding, the only recommended ones are rivaroxaban and edoxaban, also low-molecular-weight heparins, which can be prescribed to patients with risk of bleeding, cancer and inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.


2018 ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia A. Fedotkina

Cancer is one of the most significant risk factors for venous thromboembolic complications (VTEC). The article discusses the features of the treatment of cancer patients with VTEC. The issues of alternative anticoagulant therapy are considered. The article presents the results of HOKUSAI VTE Cancer study, the first completed study to compare the efficacy and safety of a direct oral anticoagulant endoxaban with a low molecular weight heparin dalterapin for the treatment of VTEC in cancer patients.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2924
Author(s):  
Domenico Acanfora ◽  
Marco Matteo Ciccone ◽  
Valentina Carlomagno ◽  
Pietro Scicchitano ◽  
Chiara Acanfora ◽  
...  

Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents an independent risk factor for chronic AF and is associated with unfavorable outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), with and without diabetes mellitus (DM), using a new risk index (RI) defined as: RI =Rate of EventsRate of Patients at Risk. In particular, an RI lower than 1 suggests a favorable treatment effect. We searched MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, EMBASE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The risk index (RI) was calculated in terms of efficacy (rate of stroke/systemic embolism (stroke SEE)/rate of patients with and without DM; rate of cardiovascular death/rate of patients with and without DM) and safety (rate of major bleeding/rate of patients with and without DM) outcomes. AF patients with DM (n = 22,057) and 49,596 without DM were considered from pivotal trials. DM doubles the risk index for stroke/SEE, major bleeding (MB), and cardiovascular (CV) death. The RI for stroke/SEE, MB, and CV death was comparable in patients treated with warfarin or DOACs. The lowest RI was in DM patients treated with Rivaroxaban (stroke/SEE, RI = 0.08; CV death, RI = 0.13). The RIs for bleeding were higher in DM patients treated with Dabigatran (RI110 = 0.32; RI150 = 0.40). Our study is the first to use RI to homogenize the efficacy and safety data reported in the DOACs pivotal studies against warfarin in patients with and without DM. Anticoagulation therapy is effective and safe in DM patients. DOACs appear to have a better efficacy and safety profile than warfarin. The use of DOACs is a reasonable alternative to vitamin-K antagonists in AF patients with DM. The RI can be a reasonable tool to help clinicians choose between DOACs or warfarin in the peculiar set of AF patients with DM.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Abdul Razzack ◽  
N Hussain ◽  
S Adeel Hassan ◽  
S Mandava ◽  
F Yasmin ◽  
...  

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background- Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been proven to be more effective in the management of venous thromboembolism (MVTE). The efficacy and safety of LMWH or DOACs in treatment of recurrent or malignancy induced VTE is not studied in literature. Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of LMWH and  DOACs in the management of malignancy induced  VTE Methods- Electronic databases ( PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane) were searched from inception to November  28th, 2020. Dichotomous data was extracted for prevention of VTE and risk of major bleeding in patients taking either LMWH or DOACs. Unadjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated from dichotomous data using Mantel Haenszel (M-H) random-effects with statistical significance to be considered if the confidence interval excludes 1 and p &lt; 0.05.  Results- Three studies with 2607 patients (DOACs n = 1301 ; LMWH n = 1306) were included in analysis. All the study population had active cancer of any kind diagnosed within the past 6 months. Average follow-up period for each trial was 6 months. Patients receiving DOACs have a lower odds of recurrence of MVTE as compared to LMWH( OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.17-2.09; P = 0.003, I2 = 0). There was no significant difference in major bleeding among patients receiving LMWH or DOACs  (OR-0.71, 95%CI 0.46-1.10, P = 0.13, I2 = 22%) (Figure 1). We had no publication bias in our results (Egger’s regression p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion- DOACs are superior to LMWH in prevention of MVTE and have similar major bleeding risk as that of LMWH. Abstract Figure. A)VTE Recurrence B)Major Bleeding events


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