scholarly journals Breakthrough venous thromboembolic events in five patients with COVID‐19 on direct oral anticoagulants

Author(s):  
Paul Lewis ◽  
Jennifer L. Tharp
Author(s):  
Karlo Huenerbein ◽  
Parvis Sadjadian ◽  
Tatjana Becker ◽  
Vera Kolatzki ◽  
Eva Deventer ◽  
...  

AbstractIn patients with BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), arterial or venous thromboembolic events (ATE/VTE) are a major burden. In order to control these complications, vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are widely used. There is no robust evidence supporting the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) in MPN patients. We therefore compared the efficacy and safety of both anticoagulants in 71 cases from a cohort of 782 MPN patients. Seventy-one of 782 MPN patients (9.1%) had ATE/VTE with nine ATE (12.7%) and 62 VTE (87.3%). Forty-five of 71 ATE/VTE (63.4%) were treated with VKA and 26 (36.6%) with DOAC. The duration of anticoagulation therapy (p = 0.984), the number of patients receiving additional aspirin (p = 1.0), and the proportion of patients receiving cytoreductive therapy (p = 0.807) did not differ significantly between the VKA and DOAC groups. During anticoagulation therapy, significantly more relapses occurred under VKA (n = 16) compared to DOAC treatment (n = 0, p = 0.0003). However, during the entire observation period of median 3.2 years (0.1–20.4), ATE/VTE relapse-free survival (p = 0.2) did not differ significantly between the two anticoagulants. For all bleeding events (p = 0.516) or major bleeding (p = 1.0), no significant differences were observed between VKA and DOAC. In our experience, the use of DOAC was as effective and safe as VKA, possibly even potentially beneficial with a lower number of recurrences and no increased risk for bleedings. However, further and larger studies are required before DOAC can be routinely used in MPN patients.


Author(s):  
Niklas Wallvik ◽  
Henrik Renlund ◽  
Anders Själander

Abstract New oral anticoagulants (NOACs) is the preferred treatment in secondary prophylaxis of venous thromboembolic events (VTE). The aim of this study was to investigate possible risk factors associated with major bleeding in VTE-patients treated with NOACs. In this retrospective register-based study we screened the Swedish anticoagulation register Auricula (during 2012.01.01–2017.12.31) to find patients and used other national registers for outcomes. Primary endpoint was major bleeding defined as bleeding leading to hospital care. Multivariate Cox-regression analysis was used to reveal risk factors. 18 219 patients with NOAC due to VTE were included. 85.6% had their first VTE, mean age was 69.4 years and median follow-up time was 183 days. The most common NOAC was rivaroxaban (54.8%), followed by apixaban (42.0%), dabigatran (3.2%) and edoxaban (0.1%). The rate of major bleeding was 6.62 (95% CI 6.19–7.06) per 100 treatment years in all patients and 11.27 (CI 9.96–12.57) in patients above 80 years of age. Statistically independent risk factors associated with major bleeding were age (normalized HR 1.38, CI 1.27–1.50), earlier major bleeding (HR 1.58, Cl 1.09–2.30), COPD (HR 1.28, CI 1.04–1.60) and previous stroke (HR 1.28, Cl 1.03–1.58) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) (HR 1.33, Cl 1.01–1.76). Prior warfarin treatment was protective (HR 0.67, CI 0.58–0.78). This real world cohort shows a high bleeding rate especially among the elderly and in patients with previous major bleeding, COPD and previous stroke or TIA. This should be considered when deciding on treatment duration and NOAC dose in these patients.


2020 ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Е.Н. Кривошеева ◽  
Е.С. Кропачева ◽  
Е.П. Панченко ◽  
О.А. Землянская ◽  
А.Н. Самко

Цель исследования. Сравнение эффективности и безопасности ПОАК и варфарина в составе многокомпонентной антитромботической терапии у больных ФП в условиях реальной клинической практики. Материалы и методы. Исследование представляет собой анализ пар больных, сопоставимых по риску инсульта, кровотечения и наличию сопутствующих заболеваний, получавших ПОАК или варфарин в составе МАТ и наблюдающихся в отделе клинических проблем атеротромбоза НМИЦ кардиологии в рамках регистра РЕГАТА 2. Влияние приема ПОАК и варфарина в составе МАТ на частоту комбинированной конечной точки эффективности (острый коронарный синдром, ишемический инсульт, венозные тромбоэмболические осложнения и сердечно-сосудистая смерть), а также конечной точки безопасности (геморрагические осложнения BARC 2–5) оценивали с помощью критерия Log-Rank. Отдельно проанализированы подгруппы больных в зависимости от уровня создаваемой антикоагуляции (принимавшие уменьшенную и полную дозы ПОАК и варфарин с уровнем TTR ≥ 65% и < 65%). Результаты. Всего в исследование включена 81 пара пациентов (77,8% мужчины, средний возраст 67,2±7,6 лет). Медиана суммы баллов по шкале CHA2DS2-VASc составила 4, по шкале HAS-BLED – 3, медиана индекса Charlson – 6. В группе варфарина медиана TTR составила 67,0 %. Уменьшенную дозу ПОАК лечащие врачи назначили половине (50,6%) пациентов. Медиана длительности наблюдения составила 12 мес. ПОАК в полной дозе и варфарин с уровнем TTR ≥ 65 % в составе МАТ одинаково эффективны в отношении риска тромботических событий [OP 1.12, ДИ 0.34–3.71]. Назначение ПОАК в уменьшенной дозе ассоциируется с достоверным увеличением частоты всех тромботических событий по сравнению с пациентами, получавшими полную дозу ПОАК или варфарин с уровнем TTR≥65% (Log-Rank p=0,0378). В условиях ежемесячного контроля уровня антикоагуляции частота больших и клинически значимых кровотечений одинакова на фоне приема ПОАК и варфарина в составе МАТ (Log-Rank p=0,7286). Медиана длительности приема МАТ до первого большого или клинически значимого кровотечения составила 41 день. Заключение. Мерами, направленными на повышение безопасности и эффективности МАТ, является ограничение сроков комбинированного антитромботического лечения с назначением полной дозы ПОАК или варфарина с уровнем TTR≥65%. Aim of the study. To compare efficacy and safety of DOACs and warfarin as part of multicomponent antithrombotic therapy in AF patients in real clinical practice. Materials and methods. The study is an analysis of 81 pairs of patients comparable for CHA2DS2-VASc, HAS-BLED scores, and Charlson comorbidity index, of patients receiving DOACs or warfarin as part of multicomponent antithrombotic therapy who observed in the department of clinical problems of atherothrombosis of the NMIC cardiology under the REGATA Register 2. Influence of DOACs and warfarin as a part of MAT on the frequency of the composite efficacy endpoint (acute coronary syndrome, ischemic stroke, venous thromboembolic events and cardiovascular death) and safety endpoint (hemorrhagic complications BARC types 2–5) were assessed using the Log-Rank criterion. Also were analyzed subgroups of patients depending on anticoagulation level (patients received reduced and full doses of DOACs and warfarin with a TTR level of ≥ 65% and <65%). Results. The study included 81 pairs of patients (77,8% men, mean aged 69 ± 8,2 years). The median total score CHA2DS2-VASc was 4, HAS-BLED score – 3, the median of the Charlson index composed – 6. In the warfarin group, the median TTR was 67%. Half (52%) of AF patients received reduced DOACs doses. Median follow up period was 12 month. Frequency of all thrombotic events for full DOACs doses and warfarin with a TTR level of ≥ 65 was similar [HR 1.12, CI 0.34–3.71] in AF patients requiring multicomponent antithrombotic therapy. Reduced DOACs doses are associated with significant increase in the frequency of all thrombotic events compared to patients who received full DOACs doses or warfarin with TTR level of ≥ 65 (Log-Rank p = 0.0378). In case of monthly monitoring of INR level frequency of major and clinically significant bleeding was similar for warfarin with regular monitoring of INR level and DOACs (Log-Rank p = 0.7286). Median duration of MAT before first BARC 2-3 type bleeding was 41 days. Сonclusions. The best option to improve the safety and efficacy of MAT is limiting the duration of combined antithrombotic treatment and prescribing a full dose of DOACs or warfarin with a TTR ≥ 65% level.


Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 878
Author(s):  
Yesha H. Parekh ◽  
Nicole J. Altomare ◽  
Erin P. McDonnell ◽  
Martin J. Blaser ◽  
Payal D. Parikh

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 leading to COVID-19 induces hyperinflammatory and hypercoagulable states, resulting in arterial and venous thromboembolic events. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has been well reported in COVID-19 patients. While most DVTs occur in a lower extremity, involvement of the upper extremity is uncommon. In this report, we describe the first reported patient with an upper extremity DVT recurrence secondary to COVID-19 infection.


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