scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT IN CROP ROTATION LINKS ON LEACHED BLACK SOIL

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.В. Богомазов ◽  
А.В. Лянденбурская ◽  
А.А. Левин ◽  
О.А. Ткачук ◽  
Е.В. Ефремова
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Middle Volga

Целью исследований являлось совершенствование элементов технологии возделывания озимой пшеницы в лесостепи Среднего Поволжья, позволяющих оптимизировать условия роста и развития. Исследованиями установлено, что вид пара не оказывал существенного влияния на плотность почвы. После сидерального пара запасы продуктивной влаги метрового слоя перед посевом снижались, в среднем, на 6,4 мм. Размещение озимой пшеницы после сидерального пара приводило к несущественному уменьшению площади листьев на 0,14 тыс. м2/га, по сравнению с черным паром. Наибольший вклад в формирование продуктивности озимой пшеницы оказало удобрение Гумостим, которое способствовало увеличению площади листовой поверхности на 5,1 тыс. м2/га, урожайности на 0,46 т/га по отношению к контролю. The aim of the research was to improve the elements of winter wheat cultivation technology in the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region, which allow to optimize the conditions for growth and development. The studies found that the type of fallow did not significantly affect the density of the soil. After green-manured fallow, the reserves of productive moisture in the meter layer decreased before sowing, on average, by 6.4 mm. Winter wheat placing after green manure fallow led to an insignificant decrease in leaf area by 0.14 thousand m2/ha, compared to black fallow. The greatest contribution to the formation of the productivity of winter wheat was made by the fertilizer Gumostim, which contributed to an increase in the leaf area by 5.1 thousand m2/ha, in yield - by 0.46 t/ha in relation to the control.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF AGROMINERAL MICROFERTILIZING MIXTURE APPLICATION ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SUNFLOWER HYBRID

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Denis Potapov ◽  
Ramis Saniev ◽  
Vasiliy Vasin ◽  
Aleksey Vasin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential ◽  
Middle Volga

The work presents the results of studies for 2017-2019, aimed at developing methods for increasing the productivity of sunflower hybrids cultivated according to the Clearfield system when using the microfertilizing mixture Agromineral in the forest-steppe zone of Middle Volga region. The results of the studies showed that the safety of plants at the time of harvesting is up to 91.8%; the maximum safety is achieved when processing crops by vegetation with Agromineral microfertilizing mixture at a dose of 3 l/ha. The leaf area increased until the budding phase, reaching a maximum of 99.2 thousand m2/ha, on a mid-season hybrid when processing crops with a dose of 3 l/ha, and then, due to drying of the lower leaves, it begins to decrease to the phase of the onset of flowering to 37.8 ... 57.9 thousand m2/ha. The maximum value of the photosynthetic potential is formed by crops of the mid-season hybrid 8N477KLDM - 4.781 million m2/ha days. The use of fertilizers and micronutrient mixtures increases its value and, as a result, increases productivity by 9.09 ... 9.36 kg/ha with an absolute indicator of 27.2 ... 33.2 kg/ha.

scholarly journals Assessment of agricultural practices of winter wheat cultivation in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Elena Viktorovna Kuzina
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Middle Volga

The article considers the results of observation of the growth, development and formation of winter wheat grain yield depending on the methods of basic soil treatment, applied fertilizers and biofungicide  Phytotrix. It was found out that the options with shallow and surface treatment were not inferior to the control in terms of yield (plowing by 20-22cm). Mineral fertilizers in a dose of N30P30K30 provided an increase in the productivity of winter wheat relative to the non-fertilized background by an average of 0.54 t / ha. Treatment of plants with phytotrix increased grain production on a non-fertilized background by 0.33 t / ha, on the background of N30P30K30 by 0.76 t / ha. The maximum yield of winter wheat-5.03 t / ha was achieved with the use of combing on the background of N30P30K30 + Phytotrix. The greatest responsiveness in collecting grain from fertilizers was observed in the variants of comb-back processing and surface disking, where the increase was 0.68-0.89 t / ha against the background of N30P30K30 application, and 1.05 t/ha against the background of N30P30K30 + Phytotrix relative to the natural background of the corresponding treatments.Apply mineral fertilizers in a dose of N30P30K30, with the application of biofungicide treatment on the vegetation of the crop, which will increase the yield by 0.76 t / ha, compared to the non-fertilized background.

scholarly journals APPLICATION EFFICIENCY OF THE COMPLEX OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS IN WINTER WHEAT CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE FOREST STEPPE OF THE VOLGA REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
A. Kh. Kulikova ◽  
◽  
E. A. Yashin ◽  
A. V. Karpov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Cultivation Technology

The paper presents results of studying the effectiveness of a complex of organic fertilizers (straw, green manure, biological product) in the technology of winter wheat cultivation. Experimental field studies were carried out on the experimental field of Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University in 2018 - 2020 in a five-field grain-green manure crop rotation: green manure fallow - winter wheat - millet - spring wheat - barley. The experiment scheme included 6 variants: 1. Control, 2. Forecrop straw (barley) + green manure (vetch-oat mixture), 3. Straw + 10 kg N / t straw + green manure, 4. Straw + biological product + green manure, 5. Biological product + green manure, 6.N64P32K54 (NPK). The experiment was carried out in a 4-fold repetition with a randomized placement of plots, the record area of which was 72 m2 (4x18), total - 120 m2 (6x20). Mineral fertilizers are calculated for the planned yield of winter wheat of 4.5 t / ha. “Biocomposite-correct” product produced by AO Shchelkovo Agrokhim was used as a biological fertilizer. The experiment focused on the change of soil agrochemical parameters (typical medium-thick medium-loamy black soil) depending on application of fertilizers, grain yield, its quality and environmental safety; economic assessment of winter wheat cultivation technology with application of fertilizers was conducted. A significant improvement of the soil nutrient regime was found in case of application of a complex of organic methods, which was slightly inferior to the variant with full fertilization. The yield increase of winter wheat grain in case of combined usage of straw, green manure and a biological product was 0.67 t / ha (control - 5.83 t / ha). The usage of a complex 80 of biological techniques for winter wheat cultivation is environmentally safe and cost effective.

scholarly journals Geobotanical characteristics of psammophytic steppes of the Penza region in the Ardym river basin

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
L. A. Novikova ◽  
◽  
S. N. Artemova ◽  
V. K. Makuev ◽  
E. Y. Yakovlev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Anthropogenic Effects ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Anthropogenic Influence ◽  
Erosion Process ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Middle Volga

The research is devoted to the study of poorly preserved psammophytic variants of meadow steppes in the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga Region. It has allowed to define the main stages of re-establishment of vegetational cover and estimate the conservation prospects on the river Ardym in different ecological conditions (geomorphological and edaphyc). It has been established that the re-establishment of psammophytic steppes vegetation occurs in a similar way both on the slopes of the predominantly southern exposition and on watershed surfaces. However, in the absence of anthropogenic effects on watershed surfaces, there is a sylvatization of the vegetation cover resulting in displacement of psammophytic steppes. Only the constantly occurring weak natural erosion processes on the slopes of the predominantly southern exposition contribute to the preservation of these rare communities here. Under intense anthropogenic influence, as well as in the conditions of a significant erosion process, the psammophytic steppes fail to be preserved or replaced by steppe meadows.

EFFECTIVENESS OF MINERAL FERTILIZER ACCORDING TO SOIL MOISTURE FOR PLANTING OF SPRING DURUM WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS FOREST-STEPPE OF MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Амиров ◽  
Marat Amirov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Main Factors

The paper presents the results of research on leached chernozem and gray forest soils on the effect of mineral fertilizers in combination with various indicators of soil moisture, watering. During all periods of its growth and development durum wheat is more demanding on the main factors than soft wheat, so its cultivation technology should be directed to the full realization of the potential of this crop.

scholarly journals SOURCES OF VALUABLE TRAITS FOR BREEDING SPRING SOFT WHEAT IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Elena Demina ◽  
Aleksandr Kincharov ◽  
Tat'yana Taranova ◽  
Ol'ga Mullayanova ◽  
Kristina Chekmasova
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Traits For Breeding

The work was carried out in 2018-2019 in the forest-steppe zone of Samara region. The purpose of the research is to conduct study samples of collection nursery of various ecological and geographical origins and identify new sources of economically valuable traits for breeding in the forest – steppe of the Middle Volga region. The material for research was 352 collection samples of spring soft wheat, including 108 foreign varieties and hybrids and 244 domestic samples of breeding institutions of the Russian Federation. Meteorological conditions during the research years were quite severe, and vegetation took place in arid and acutely arid conditions (hydrothermal coefficient in 2018 – 0.51, in 2019 – 0.48, with a long-term value in the region of 0.73). The greatest variability over the years of research was observed in the indicators of grain yield of samples (Сv=23.9...27.5 %) and plants height (Сv=10.8...12.9 %). According to the research results, 30 new genetic sources of economically valuable traits of spring soft wheat were identified. Sources of precocity (period of shoots-earing 35...37 days): Uralskaya kukushka, Chelyaba rannyaya, Tyumenskaya 25, Lutescens 70, Odeta, Libertina, Chi Mai, Long Fu 7, M83-1551. Sources of short stems (plants height 40...45 cm): KWS Torridon, KWS Jetstream, Florens, Eleganza, Long Fu 13. Sources of consistently high productivity (grain yield 415...554 g/m2, and the yield increase over the standard 71...210 g/m2): Erythrospermum 4089, Grekum 5523, Lutescens 6029, Lutescens 6074/6-23, Lutescens 6102/1-32, Lutescens 6102/1-34 Erythrospermum 6517/24-1, Ekada 214, Burlak, Ulyanovskaya 105, Lebedushka, Saratovskaya 73. Sources of high protein content (15.4...16.7 %) and gluten (36.0...42.0 %) in grain: Erythrospermum 3898, Erythrospermum 4112, Erythrospermum 4171, Erythrospermum 5289

scholarly journals Source material for breeding soft winter wheat in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00189
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Zakharova ◽  
Nikolai Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

The source material is the initial link of the selection process of any crop. A careful study of it in specific environmental conditions largely determines the effectiveness of breeding activities. The paper presents the results of a study of 102 cultivars of soft winter wheat of various ecological and geographical origin in terms of the yield, winter hardiness, the plant height, the duration of the growing season, the resistance to the frit fly. The sources of individual and a complex of economically valuable indicators were identified and recommended as the source material for breeding use in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region. In the winter wheat selection for high winter hardiness, the varieties Omskaya 6, Bagrationovskaya, Novosibirskaya 32, Novosibirskaya 51, Biyskaya Ozimaya, Filatovka, Kulundinka, Poema (Russia), Banga (Latvia), Emoile (Bulgaria), Myropol, Mykolayvka, Dashenka, Kalyanova, Lytavinka, Vinnychanka, Manzheliya, Khersonska bezostaya (Ukraine), Xiao Yan 107, Zhong Pin 1535 (China) are of great interest. Highly productive varieties are Victoria 95, Poema, Biyskaya Ozimaya (Russia), Zamozhnist, Kalyanova, Yasnogorka (Ukraine). Varieties Vdachna, Shestopalivka, Myropol (Ukraine), Svilena, Emoile (Bulgaria), KS 96 WGRC 37, KS 96 WGRC 40, Pacer (USA), Kitami 46 (Japan) XiaoYan 6, Ji Mai 30, Ji Mai 36 (China) are characterized by early ripeness. Short-stalked wheat varieties are Cameo (Russia), Ninka (Ukraine), Ji Mai 18 (China), Kitami 35 (Japan). Highly resistant varieties to the frit fly are Donskaya 50, Dominanta, Poema (Russia), Yasnogorka (Ukraine), Orienta, KS 96 WGRC34, KS 96 WGRC40 (USA), Xiao Yan 7, Zhong Pin 1507, Zhong Pin 1535 (China), Kitami 35 (Japan). Reliable correlations between winter hardiness and productivity, winter hardiness and plant height, plant height and productivity of soft winter wheat were established, which is of practical importance both for crop breeding and for its production use.

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