EFEKTIFITAS BEBERAPA MERK MINYAK KAYU PUTIH TERHADAP MORTALITAS Pediculus humanus capitis SECARA IN VITRO

Permethrin is still the main therapy for human head infestation Pediculosis capitis in several countries, including Indonesia. However, permethrin is not effective for the egg stage. Therefore, alternative therapy from herbs is needed for the treatment of head lice which is effective for both egg and adult stage. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of Illicium verum extract and coconut oil formula against eggs of head lice. An in vitro immersion test was applied with four treatment groups (Illicium verum extract and coconut oil formula with four different compositions) as well as a negative control group (distilled water) and a positive control group (permethrin 1%) against eggs of head lice. The eggs of head lice were immersed for 0.5, 1, or 2 min in 1 ml of each solution. Mortality rates of the eggs were recorded after 5 days of incubation. The formula of Illicium verum extract and palm oil with composition 60:40 had the best efficacy with a mortality rate of head lice eggs reached 86,67%, after immersion for 2 minutes. The combination of Illicium verum extract and coconut oil could be an alternative ovicide, but this formula requires precise composition which can be applied for Pediculus humanus capitis.

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Uji Efektivitas Formula Pedikulosida Berbahan Aktif Minyak Atsiri Terhadap Mortalitas Kutu Kepala (Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer) Secara In Vitro

THE JOURNAL OF MUHAMMADIYAH MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGIST ◽

10.30651/jmlt.v2i1.1921 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Tanendri Arrizqiyani

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Human Head ◽

Test Method ◽

Head Lice ◽

Pediculus Humanus Capitis ◽

Pediculus Humanus ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Negative Side Effects

Pediculosis is a disease caused by Pediculus humanus capitis de Geer or often called head lice which is an obligate ectoparasite in the human head. The prevalence of pediculosis is quite high and there are reports of resistance and negative side effects regarding the use of synthetic pediculosides trigger research and development of vegetable pediculosides. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the formula of pediculoside with active ingredients of essential oils on head lice mortality in vitro. The study was conducted by testing 3 formulas with variations in the composition of essential oils made from cassava oil, fennel oil, lemon oil, water and vegetable glycerine. Comparison of the ingredients in formula A is 10%, 10%, 5%, 50% and 20%; formula B is 5%, 15%, 5%, 50% and 20%; while formula C is 15%, 5%, 5%, 50% and 20%. The test method is an experiment with a completely randomized design. The test is done by placing 10 adult head lice on filter paper which has been saturated with a formula made in a petri dish. Mortality of head lice is observed based on time. Test results data will be compared with negative controls and positive controls in the form of testing using permethrin-active pediculoside drugs. The results showed that the pediculoside formula A, B and C had a high mortality rate which caused 100% of the deaths of head lice tested in less than 5 minutes. Statistically there is a significance to the results of testing formulas A, B, and C when compared to controls. Based on the results of multiple statistical statistics, it was found that formula C was the most effective as a pediculoside formula

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In vitro experiments of Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) resistance to permethrin and 6-paradol in East Jakarta: Detoxification enzyme activity and electron microscopic changes in lice

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.3065-3075 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 3065-3075

Author(s):

Rizal Subahar ◽

Lisawati Susanto ◽

Rachmanin Aidilla ◽

Annisa Putri Aulia ◽

Yulhasri Yulhasri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Oxidase Activity ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Head Louse ◽

Pediculus Humanus Capitis ◽

Detoxification Enzyme ◽

Pediculus Humanus ◽

The Dead ◽

Physical Changes

Background and Aim: Pediculus humanus capitis, the human head louse, remains a global health problem. This study evaluated the resistance of head lice to permethrin and 6-paradol mediated by in vitro detoxification enzyme activity experiments and to describe physical changes in the lice using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and Methods: The adult stages of P. h. capitis were collected from patients exposed to 1% permethrin and three different concentrations of 6-paradol (0.00005%, 0.0001%, and 0.00015%) using a filter paper diffusion bioassay. Healthy P. h. capitis adults served as the control. The in vitro bioassays were conducted after 10, 20, 30, and 60 min of exposure. The activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and oxidase were analyzed. Physical changes in the lice were analyzed using SEM. Results: Permethrin and 6-paradol exhibited low toxicity against the lice. At 60 min, 1% permethrin had killed 36.7% of the lice present, while 6-paradol had killed 66.7-86.7%. Permethrin induced significantly elevated AChE, GST, and oxidase activity; 6-paradol also caused significantly elevated AChE, GST, and oxidase activity. Permethrin did not cause any ultrastructural morphological changes on the lice, while 6-paradol severely damaged the head, thorax, respiratory spiracles, and abdomen of the dead lice. Conclusion: This in vitro experimental of P. h. capitis is the first study to report P. h. capitis in East Jakarta shows complete resistance to permethrin and 6-paradol, and to describe the associated increase in AChE, GST, and oxidase activity. It was observed that 6-paradol severely damaged the head, thorax, respiratory spiracles, and abdomen of the dead lice.

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In Vitro Effectiveness of Neem Oil (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss) Shampoo as Anti Head Lice (Pediculus humanus capitis)

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research ◽

10.15416/pcpr.v4i3.25780 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

Norisca A. Putriana ◽

Azizul Hakim ◽

Patihul Husni ◽

Taofik Rusdiana

Keyword(s):

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Corneal Opacity ◽

Head Lice ◽

Neem Oil ◽

Pediculus Humanus Capitis ◽

Eye Irritation ◽

Pediculus Humanus ◽

Study Results ◽

Irritation Test

Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis), a parasite causing hair problem, often occurs in society.The study aimed to evaluate in vitroeffectiveness of shampoo formulation containing neem oil as an anti head lice. An experimental method was used to examine the formulation of shampoo, irritation test, testing the effectiveness of shampoo against head lice (Pediculicidal activity), and testing the effectiveness of shampoo against nits (Ovicidal activity). The effectiveness test employed an in vitromethod where neem oil shampoo were tested directly towards head lices and nits isolated from humans, then the mortality was observed. To recognize the safety of the shampoo, skin and eye irritation tests were carried out by applying 0.5 ml on the skin and dripping 0.1 ml shampoo into New Zealand white rabbit’s eyes.Data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney. The study results showed that the primary irritation index for 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% neem oil shampoo were 0; 0111; 0.222; and 0.222, respectively. All of the shampoos were very mild irritation response category. Eye irritation tests showed that only the 20% neem oil shampoo gave a mild irritation response with degree of corneal opacity ≥ 1 and recovered after 7 days of observation. The 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% neem oil shampoo were effective as an anti head lice. The 15% and 20% neem oil shampoo had anti head lice effectiveness activity as same as 1% permethrin lotion. In conclusion, the 15% neem oil shampoo was chosen as the best shampoo, its high anti head lice effect and light irritation response. Keywords: Head lice, neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), shampoo

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Can kunzea oil (Kunzea ambigua) control head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis)?

Parasitology Open ◽

10.1017/pao.2015.2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

C. R. WILLIAMS ◽

C. E. WEBB ◽

S. ORRE ◽

M. NAUNTON ◽

J. THOMAS

Keyword(s):

Health Concern ◽

Head Lice ◽

Native Plant ◽

Pediculus Humanus Capitis ◽

Survival Times ◽

Tea Tree ◽

Pediculus Humanus ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Australian Native Plant

SUMMARYHead lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) infestations are a public health concern. The insecticidal properties of the Australian native plantKunzea ambigua(commonly known as tick bush) have been documented. In this study, we tested activity of kunzea oil (KO) against head lice throughin vitrobioassays. Head lice were exposed to filter paper treated with either KO, as either a 5 or 100% oil, or commercial formulations containing either permethrin or tea tree oil (TTO) for 120 min. Head lice exposure to KO, both as a 5 and 100% solution oil, resulted in 100% mortality within 120 min with a mean survival times of 17·1 and 34·8 min, respectively. There was no significant difference between the mean mortality of head lice exposed to 5% KO (17·1 ± 1·0; 95% CI: 115·2–19·0) and 5% TTO (21·2 ± 1·9; 95% CI: 17·4–25·1). This study revealed, for the first time, that KO holds great potential as an effective alternative to current active ingredients contained within commercial pediculicide formulations.

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