scholarly journals La déviance positive : faire autrement pour améliorer l’hygiène des mains des infirmières Positive deviance: Doing things differently to improve hand hygiene of nurses

Author(s):  
Josiane Létourneau ◽  
Marie Alderson

Contexte : Les difficultés rencontrées pour améliorer les taux d'adhésion à l'hygiène des mains des infirmières suggèrent que de modifier ce comportement est une tâche complexe. Une approche novatrice - la déviance positive - propose de déterminer la présence d’individus plus performants afin de comprendre les facteurs qui pourraient expliquer cette meilleure performance. Le but de cette étude était d’explorer, sous l’angle de l’approche de la déviance positive, les facteurs qui influencent la pratique de l’hygiène des mains des infirmières en contexte hospitalier québécois. Méthode : Deux ethnographies focalisées ont été effectuées auprès de 21 infirmières sur une unité de médecine-chirurgie et une de soins palliatifs d’un centre hospitalier universitaire de Montréal. La collecte des données s’est déroulée en 2015, principalement lors de 18 entrevues individuelles et 14 périodes d’observation. Les données colligées ont été codées et regroupées sous des catégories. Résultats : Au niveau individuel, les participantes reconnaissent l’importance des connaissances sur le rôle de l’hygiène des mains dans la prévention des infections. Au niveau organisationnel, on constate une pratique collaborative à l’intérieur de chacune des équipes de soins. Au niveau environnemental, la disponibilité des distributeurs de solution hydro-alcoolique facilite la pratique de l’hygiène des mains. Au niveau socioculturel, les deux équipes travaillent ensemble vers un but commun, ce que nous avons nommé cohésion sociale, favorisée sur l’unité de médecine-chirurgie par le leadership de son infirmier-chef et sur l’unité des soins palliatifs par une pratique de soins empreinte d’humanisme. Discussion/Conclusion : Les connaissances découlant de cette étude permettent de comprendre qu’afin d’améliorer l’adhésion à l’hygiène des mains des infirmières, il serait préférable de cibler les équipes de soins qui performent le mieux afin d’y puiser des idées pour aider celles avec une moins bonne performance et d’élaborer des interventions qui intègrent des facteurs à plusieurs niveaux, non seulement au niveau individuel, mais aussi aux niveaux organisationnels, environnementaux et socioculturels. Background: Challenges encountered in improving nurses’ hand hygiene adherence rates suggest that changing this behavior is a complex task. An innovative approachpositive deviance-propose to identify better-performing individuals in order to understand the factors that could explain their better performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing nurses’ hand hygiene practices at a Quebec hospital from the perspective of positive deviance. Method: Two focused ethnographies were conducted involving 21 nurses on one medical-surgery unit and one palliative care unit at a Montreal university hospital. Data was collected in 2015, primarily during 18 individual interviews and 14 observation periods. The collected data was coded and sorted into categories. Results: At an individual level, the participants recognized the importance of knowledge of the role of hand hygiene in the prevention of infections. At the organizational level, we observed collaborative practices within each care team. At the environmental level, the availability of alcohol-based hand hygiene dispensers facilitated hand hygiene practice. At the sociocultural level, the two teams worked together towards a common goal, a practice we refer to as social cohesion, encouraged on the medicalsurgery unit by the head nurse’s leadership and on the palliative care unit by a humanistic care practice. Discussion/conclusion: The knowledge gained from this study shows that, to improve nurses’ hand hygiene adherence, it would be preferable to target better-performing care teams so that we may draw on their ideas to help less performing teams and develop interventions integrating factors at several levels, not only individually but also organizationally, environmentally and socio-culturally.

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-235
Author(s):  
Anita Rath Sørensen ◽  
Kristoffer Marsaa ◽  
Thomas Skovhus Prior ◽  
Elisabeth Bendstrup

Introduction: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and interstitial lung disease have a significant burden of symptoms. Many are not offered palliative care (PC). Our aim was to investigate the attitudes to and barriers for PC among physicians. Method: A web-based survey was conducted among members of the Danish Respiratory Society. The questionnaire included contextual (gender, age, clinical experience, type of center, patient caseload) and outcome questions (knowledge and use of statements for PC and advance care planning [ACP], practice of communication about end-of-life decisions, practice for referral to PC, barriers regarding structural surroundings, clinical skills, and organization). Results: One hundred fifty-six (45%) physicians responded. Median age was 40 - 49 years and 55% were female. Fifty-two percent were specialists; 71% worked at a university hospital. The majority of physicians (60%) reported barriers for discussions about PC and ACP; 63% reported lack of time, 52% lack of multidisciplinary staff settings, 63% reported the unpredictability of the prognosis, and 20% insufficient awareness of patient’s culture, religion, or spirituality. Fewer specialists than nonspecialists reported barriers toward ACP. The majority had knowledge of guidelines in PC and ACP, but only a minority used these in daily clinical practice. Conclusion: The attitude toward PC and ACP conversations was positive and implementation was regarded as important, but only a minority performed these conversations in practice. Main barriers were lack of time and staff. Palliative care guidelines were known but only scarcely used. Structural changes at the organizational level to improve access to palliation for patients with nonmalignant chronic lung diseases are needed.


2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A51-A51
Author(s):  
Gregory B Crawford ◽  
Ann Dadich ◽  
Aileen Collier ◽  
Michael Hodgins

2020 ◽  
pp. 003022282095218
Author(s):  
Frédérique Drillaud ◽  
Camille Saussac ◽  
Florence Keusch ◽  
Danièle Lafaye ◽  
Hélène Bely ◽  
...  

The WHO has included the spiritual dimension in its definition of palliative care since 1990, but this dimension is frequently confused with notions of religion. Yet, the spiritual suffering experienced by palliative care patients is primarily a matter of existential suffering. The objective of this study was to examine the ways in which the existential dimension was manifested in the experiences of those present in a palliative care unit. This anthropological monograph was conducted in a palliative care unit in a French University Hospital. The existential dimension appears to reside in the connections between individuals and the proximity of death appears to shed new light on the meaning of life. The mirror effect of death on life, could serve to encourage greater appreciation of the value of our connections with others, and the desire to take care of others, which offers new insight into forms of solidarity and social organisation.


1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwenaëlle Vidal-Trécan ◽  
Jean Luc Fouilladieu ◽  
Geneviève Petitgas ◽  
Aliette Chassepoux ◽  
Geneviève Ladegaillerie ◽  
...  

The views of French physicians and nurses of the organization of palliative care have not been previously analyzed. We surveyed opinion on the care of the terminally ill in a 1000-bed Paris university hospital. Data were obtained in 1992 by non-directed interviews of leading physicians and semi-directed interviews of nurses. Most physicians wished to manage terminal care in their departments. Patient and family preferences were considered in choosing the place for care. Treatment of hospitalized patients should be limited to relieving symptoms. Department heads and senior nurses agreed on most problems encountered in the management of care. The psychological burden borne by nurses was emphasized. Terminal care training and the possibility of consulting experts in palliative care were the main suggestions for improvement cited by both department heads and senior nurses. Integrating this knowledge into the planning process should result in improved care and in increased satisfaction for the care providers.


Author(s):  
Atsushi Shimizu ◽  
Mitsue Takeuchi ◽  
Fumio Kurosaki ◽  
Kaichiro Tamba ◽  
Naohiro Sata ◽  
...  

Background: Physician attire influences perceptions of care. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of physician attire on perceptions of care by patients and families in a Japanese palliative care unit. Methods: From November 2018 to February 2020, patients and family members admitted to the Palliative Care Unit at Jichi Medical University Hospital were recruited and completed a survey consisting of 4 demographic questions and 15 questions regarding perceptions of care. A 7-point Likert scale (1 = strongly agree, 4 = neutral, 7 = strongly disagree) was used to judge attire (name tag, long sleeve white coat, short sleeve white coat, scrubs, scrub color, jeans, sneakers) addressing patient and overall impact on perception of care. Results: Of 203 patients admitted, 79 were enrolled. Surveys were received from 23 patients and 52 family members. Patients and families want physicians to wear name tags (median, interquartile range) (2, 1-2) and white coats (3, 2-4). Patients want to be addressed by surnames (2, 1.5-4). Patients and family members have neutral opinions about short sleeve white coats (4, 4-4) and scrubs (4, 4-4). Jeans were not liked (4, 4-6) while sneakers are acceptable (3, 2-4). The impact of attire on perceptions of care is significantly (p = .04) greater for patients (3, 2-4) than family members (4, 3-4). Conclusion: Patients and family members prefer their physicians to wear name tags and white coats and address patients by surnames. Physician attire has a significantly greater impact on perceptions of care for patients than family members in a palliative care unit.


10.23856/3710 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Janka Prnová ◽  
Jaroslava Brňová ◽  
Viera Rusnáková

Hand hygiene is considered to be the most simple, effective and economic measure to prevent the spread of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance. Based on the study, application of the World Health Organization’s Multimodal Hand Hygiene Improvement Strategy can improve hand hygiene compliance in hospital settings and reduce these infections. Trnava University Hospital was included to World Health Organization (WHO) launched a worldwide campaign focused on hand hygiene in 2013, when infection control specialist has started working on daily basis. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of implementing the Multimodal Hand Hygiene Strategy according to WHO. We assessed alcohol-based hand rub consumption during the period 2013 and 2018 and hand hygiene compliance in 2018 as a baseline. During observed period alcohol-based hand rub consumptions significantly increased from 15.7 L/1000 patient days to 24.3 L/1000 patient days (p<0.05). Overall compliance as per WHO guidelines were 38.9%.


Author(s):  
Sergio Vital da Silva Junior ◽  
Terezinha Nunes da Silva ◽  
Maria Eliane Moreira Freire ◽  
Lucas Barreto Pires Santos

Objetivo: Investigar a compreensão de enfermeiros assistenciais sobre cuidados paliativos à pessoa idosa hospitalizada,apontando os desafios enfrentados na prática assistencial. Metodologia: Estudo exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa,desenvolvido com 10 (dez) enfermeiros atuantes em um hospital universitário, tendo sido respeitados todos os procedimentos éticos. Resultado: A investigação permitiu identificar 3 categorias discursivas relacionadas à assistência de enfermagem a idosos em cuidados paliativos: a compreensão de enfermeiros assistenciais sobre cuidados paliativos, as ações deenfermagem direcionadas ao idoso em cuidados paliativos e os desafios vivenciados pelos enfermeiros ao cuidar de idososem atenção paliativa. Conclusão: Este estudo oportunizou reconhecer a compreensão de enfermeiros sobre cuidadospaliativos à pessoa idosa hospitalizada, apontando quais os desafios enfrentados na prática assistencial.Palavras-chave: Enfermagem; Cuidados Paliativos; Idoso. ABSTRACTObjective: To investigate the understanding of nursing assistants on palliative care for hospitalized elderly persons, pointingout the challenges faced in care practice. Methodology: An exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, developed with10 (ten) nurses working in a university hospital, and all ethical procedures were respected. Results: The research allowedidentifying three discursive categories related to nursing care for the elderly in palliative care: the understanding of nursingassistants on palliative care, nursing actions directed to the elderly in palliative care and the challenges experienced bynurses in caring for the elderly in palliative care. Conclusion: This study made it possible to recognize nurses’ understandingof palliative care for hospitalized elderly people, pointing out the challenges faced in care practice.Keywords: Nursing; Palliative care; Old man.


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