An Overview of process CNC Machining

The computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) fabrication technique has become one of the hottest topics in the dental field. This technology can be applied to fixed partial dentures, removable dentures, and implant prostheses. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of NaCaPO4-blended zirconia as a new CAD/CAM material. Eleven different proportional samples of zirconia and NaCaPO4 (xZyN) were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Vickers microhardness, and the milling property of these new samples was tested via a digital optical microscope. After calcination at 950 °C for 4 h, XRD results showed that the intensity of tetragonal ZrO2 gradually decreased with an increase in the content of NaCaPO4. Furthermore, with the increase in NaCaPO4 content, the sintering became more obvious, which improved the densification of the sintered body and reduced its porosity. Specimens went through milling by a computer numerical control (CNC) machine, and the marginal integrity revealed that being sintered at 1350 °C was better than being sintered at 950 °C. Moreover, 7Z3N showed better marginal fit than that of 6Z4N among thirty-six samples when sintered at 1350 °C (p < 0.05). The milling test results revealed that 7Z3N could be a new CAD/CAM material for dental restoration use in the future.

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Practical method for the fast generation of a CAM model for jet engine parts

Advances in Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1177/16878140211002700 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 168781402110027

Author(s):

Byung Chul Kim ◽

Ilhwan Song ◽

Duhwan Mun

Keyword(s):

Computer Aided Design ◽

Feature Recognition ◽

Practical Method ◽

Numerical Control ◽

Cnc Machine Tools ◽

Cnc Machine ◽

Jet Engine ◽

Computer Aided ◽

Cad Models ◽

Cam Model

Manufacturers of machine parts operate computerized numerical control (CNC) machine tools to produce parts precisely and accurately. They build computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) models using CAM software to generate code to control these machines from computer-aided design (CAD) models. However, creating a CAM model from CAD models is time-consuming, and is prone to errors because machining operations and their sequences are defined manually. To generate CAM models automatically, feature recognition methods have been studied for a long time. However, since the recognition range is limited, it is challenging to apply the feature recognition methods to parts having a complicated shape such as jet engine parts. Alternatively, this study proposes a practical method for the fast generation of a CAM model from CAD models using shape search. In the proposed method, when an operator selects one machining operation as a source machining operation, shapes having the same machining features are searched in the part, and the source machining operation is copied to the locations of the searched shapes. This is a semi-automatic method, but it can generate CAM models quickly and accurately when there are many identical shapes to be machined. In this study, we demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method through experiments on an engine block and a jet engine compressor case.

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Machine Actuated Craft

10.26686/wgtn.16985128 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Jonathan William Murdoch

Keyword(s):

Computer Aided Design ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cnc Machining ◽

Cnc Machine ◽

Machining Processes ◽

Design Representation ◽

Computer Aided ◽

Production Techniques ◽

Simple Movement ◽

Aided Design

<p>Throughout history the use of scale representations has been important in the process of creating architecture. In recent times the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) has significantly altered traditional methods of conceptual design representation, mainly through a shift from the physical to the virtual. The aim of the research is to explore the relationship between computer aided manufacturing (CAM) and the methods for extracting and producing qualities of a conceptual nature from computer and numerically controlled (CNC) machine, and how this could advance conceptual creativity formulating in buildable form. The qualities that are inherently produced by CNC machining processes are then captured back into the three-dimensional environment (CAD), and then re-exported via CNC machining. The information that flows from the digital to the physical and then back again, creates new physical qualities that would not normally be produced, and allows for further investigation. Through the misrepresentation and reinterpretation of machine processes in this research, the output produces an object of an abstract nature created through identifying extraordinary expressions of tool paths. This 1:1 abstract object expresses qualities of craft produced by the CNC machine and creates a new form of craft that can be compared to the expression of the traditional craftsman and their trade. This simple movement between scales and formats begins to generate new design processes that in turn translate the conceptual expression of the object into a buildable form. On final completion of the object this project has proven that CAM conceptual creativity can be translated and formulated into built form. A key observation of this research is that identifying CAM production techniques can produce abstract representation through a new means of design representation.</p>

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ISO 6983 Translator for PC Based CNC Systems

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.980.184 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 980 ◽

pp. 184-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yusri Yusof ◽

Kamran Latif

Keyword(s):

Computer Aided Design ◽

International Standards ◽

Numerical Control ◽

Open Architecture ◽

Cnc Machine ◽

Software Model ◽

Software Models ◽

Computer Aided ◽

Cnc Controller ◽

Iso 6983

Computer Numerical Control (CNC) controller is an important part of machine, composed of hardware and software models. Software model, usually called an interpreter translates input code as per internal structure of CNC machine. Now a day’s traditional controllers of CNC machine are found to be closed in nature, because they are depended of vendor’s specifications. Due to that dependence they do not facilitate access to the inner features of machine. In order to overcome these problems open architecture controllers were introduced. In this article a new ISO 6983 translator for open architecture CNC controller is being proposed. The developed software model is able to read commercially available Computer Aided Design (CAD) /Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) system generated International Standards Organization (ISO) 6983 file and extracts position, feed rate, spindle speed, tool etc data and translates to OAC machine. At the same time it is also able to generate output in user defined text and EXtensible Markup Language (.xml) formats. Further design of paper includes development of translator, followed by case study experiment and finally ends with conclusion.

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Characteristics and Technologies of Advanced CNC Systems

Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Second Edition ◽

10.4018/978-1-60566-026-4.ch085 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 519-526 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Minhat ◽

X.W. Xu

Keyword(s):

Computer Aided Design ◽

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Numerical Control ◽

Monitoring And Control ◽

Cnc Machine ◽

Computer Aided ◽

Process Monitoring And Control ◽

Key Issues ◽

Aided Design ◽

And Control

Computer Numerical Control (CNC) systems are the “backbones” of modern manufacturing industry for over the last 50 years and the machine tools have evolved from simple machines with controllers that had no memory and were driven by punched tape, to today’s highly sophisticated, multiprocess workstations. These CNC systems are still being worked and improved on. The key issues center on autonomous planning, decision making, process monitoring and control systems that can adjust automatically to the changeable requirements. Introduction of CNC systems has made it possible to produce goods with consistent qualities, apart from enabling the industry to enhance productivity with a high degree of flexibility in a manufacturing system. CNC systems sit at the end of the process starting from product design using Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools to the generation of machining instructions that instruct a CNC machine to produce the final product. This process chain also includes Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM).

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AN ALGORITHM TO CONSTRUCT THE CAD MODEL OF A RESIDUAL LIMB

Biomedical Engineering Applications Basis and Communications ◽

10.4015/s1016237201000194 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 13 (03) ◽

pp. 149-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

LAI-HSING HSU ◽

FU-MEI HSU ◽

YOU-LI CHOU ◽

JU-YI HSU ◽

HANG LEONG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computer Aided Design ◽

Numerical Control ◽

Prototype System ◽

Cad Model ◽

Residual Limb ◽

Cnc Machine ◽

B Spline ◽

Spline Curve ◽

Computer Aided ◽

Aided Design

A duplicated mold of the residual limb of an amputee is usually needed to make the socket of prosthesis for the patient. However, traditional means to duplicate a positive mold is time-consuming, patient suffering and intensive manual-efforts required. The study has developed a prototype system that allows a prosthetist to construct the computer-aided design(CAD) model of residual limb easily using it's digitized points based on the concept of reverse engineering. First of all, the topographic data of a residual limb is captured using a non-intrusive scanning machine. The scanned data is then used as the input of a self-developed system that is based on the theories of B-spline curve and lofted surface to process the digitized points. The CAD model can then be built and transferred to a computer-aided manufacturing(CAM) system to generate the code for a computer numerical control(CNC) machine to make the duplicated mold of the residual limb.

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Machine Actuated Craft

10.26686/wgtn.16985128.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Jonathan William Murdoch

Keyword(s):

Computer Aided Design ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cnc Machining ◽

Cnc Machine ◽

Machining Processes ◽

Design Representation ◽

Computer Aided ◽

Production Techniques ◽

Simple Movement ◽

Aided Design

<p>Throughout history the use of scale representations has been important in the process of creating architecture. In recent times the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) has significantly altered traditional methods of conceptual design representation, mainly through a shift from the physical to the virtual. The aim of the research is to explore the relationship between computer aided manufacturing (CAM) and the methods for extracting and producing qualities of a conceptual nature from computer and numerically controlled (CNC) machine, and how this could advance conceptual creativity formulating in buildable form. The qualities that are inherently produced by CNC machining processes are then captured back into the three-dimensional environment (CAD), and then re-exported via CNC machining. The information that flows from the digital to the physical and then back again, creates new physical qualities that would not normally be produced, and allows for further investigation. Through the misrepresentation and reinterpretation of machine processes in this research, the output produces an object of an abstract nature created through identifying extraordinary expressions of tool paths. This 1:1 abstract object expresses qualities of craft produced by the CNC machine and creates a new form of craft that can be compared to the expression of the traditional craftsman and their trade. This simple movement between scales and formats begins to generate new design processes that in turn translate the conceptual expression of the object into a buildable form. On final completion of the object this project has proven that CAM conceptual creativity can be translated and formulated into built form. A key observation of this research is that identifying CAM production techniques can produce abstract representation through a new means of design representation.</p>

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COMPLEX-SHAPED PARTS GRINDING TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION ENSURING

Applied Aspects of Information Technology ◽

10.15276/aait.04.2020.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 246-262

Author(s):

Natalia V. Lishchenko ◽

Vasily Petrovich Larshin

Keyword(s):

Computer Aided Design ◽

Gear Wheel ◽

Numerical Control ◽

Cnc Machine ◽

Cobalt Chromium ◽

Production Stage ◽

Computer Aided ◽

Cad Cam ◽

Left And Right ◽

Living Organisms

A method of computer-aided design and manufacture of complex-shaped parts of machines and implants from difficult-tomachine materials (titanium, cobalt-chromium alloys, zirconium dioxide, etc.) has been developed, based on the principles of building an integrated CAD/CAM/CAE system of computer-aided designing and a hierarchical intelligent numerical control system. It is shown that kinematical mechanisms created over the past several centuries do not allow reproducing with the required accuracy the joints movement of living organisms for their use in biomedical implantation technologies. Therefore, the worn out joints of living organisms are reconstructed by adding complex-shaped parts from these difficult-to-machine materials. Information about the geometric shape of these parts (3D model) at the pre-production stage is obtained using modern methods of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and at the production stage the actual location of the stock grinding allowance is measured by laser (or tactile) scanning. To reduce the unevenness of the position of the grinding stock allowance, the workpiece of a complex-shaped part before grinding is oriented in the coordinate system of a CNC machine based on the established criterion for minimizing the allowance. An example of such orientation of the gear workpiece is given. This workpiece is measured with a Renishaw tactile probe on the left and right sides of the gear valleys before gear grinding. Both the minimum allowance on the left and right sides of the valleys and the difference between them are determined, and then additionally the gear wheel blank is rotated in the appropriate direction to align these minimum values detected. In turn, the aligned minimum allowances, should be sufficient to compensate for the influence of technological factors from the previous operation and the error in setting the workpiece for this operation. For complex-shaped implants, such an additional orientation is performed, for example, according to algorithms for ensuring the minimax value of the allowance.

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A Decision Support System for Capturing CNC Operator Knowledge

International Journal of Automation Technology ◽

10.20965/ijat.2011.p0655 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 655-662 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wikan Sakarinto ◽

◽

Hiroshi Narazaki ◽

Keiichi Shirase

Keyword(s):

Decision Support ◽

Cnc Machining ◽

Numerical Control ◽

Cnc Milling ◽

Machining Processes ◽

Product Data ◽

Know How ◽

Milling Operations ◽

Data Assessment ◽

Computer Aided

The main job of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) operators is to capture and use knowledge to assess product data. CNC operators assess Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) files before proceeding to CNC machining processes. Decision Support Systems (DSS), for these operators, is provided by Expert Systems (ES) designed to manage and learn intelligently from previous data and information and produce recommended actions and decisions. The purpose of the DSS is (i) to assist inexperienced operators in assessment using stored know-how of experienced operators and to collect additional knowledge in interaction between the DSS and experienced operators during semiautomatic assessment, and (ii) to present collected knowledge to users based on contexts or constraints the user must deal with in product data assessment. After outlining the DSS, the discussion is about its usefulness in dealing information and knowledge discrepancies between CAM and CNC operators - an important problem in practice that has been rather neglected so far - focusing on CNC milling operations.

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Application of Reverse Engineering for Redesigning and Manufacturing of a Printer Spare Part

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.2708 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 690-693 ◽

pp. 2708-2712 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ivan Buranský ◽

Ladislav Morovič ◽

Jozef Peterka

Keyword(s):

Reverse Engineering ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Spare Part ◽

Numerical Control ◽

Cnc Machine Tools ◽

Cnc Milling ◽

Cnc Machine ◽

Computer Aided ◽

3D Digitization ◽

Cam Software

The paper deals with the application of Reverse Engineering (RE) in the process of redesigning and manufacturing of a printer spare part. The paper presents the devices for transfer of a damaged printer part into a digital model by non-contact three-dimensional (3D) digitization. The paper discusses the 3D computer-aided designing (CAD) of a model with CAD software based on a digitized real part. The paper presents two proposals for spare part manufacturing: a) manufacturing by computer numerical control (CNC) milling, which is projected and programmed in computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software with regard to production potential of selected CNC machine tools; b) manufacturing by Rapid Prototyping (RP) technology. The article concludes with a comparison of the proposed methods of manufacturing of printer spare part in term of production time.

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