scholarly journals ABOUT INCORRECT AND UNREPRESENTATIVE CITATION IN THE REVIEW “HIGH THERMAL CONDUCTIVE COPPER/DIAMOND COMPOSITES: STATE OF THE ART” BY S.J. JIA, F. YANG AND IN OTHER PAPERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Andrey M. Abyzov ◽  
◽  
Fedor M. Shakhov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Metal Composites ◽  
Data Distortion ◽  
Diamond Particles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Citation Practice ◽  
Scientific Papers

Several papers published in Elsevier and Springer journals in 2020–2021, in which there were numerous violations of standards concerning citation practice in scientific papers, are analyzed. These papers deal with high-thermal-conductive diamond/metal composites. The examples under consideration mainly concern composites prepared via deposition of tungsten coatings onto diamond particles. The revealed errors and distortions in citations are indicated and classed. The examples given may be useful to a wide range of readers (authors, reviewers, editors) as illustrations of the data distortion encountered in scientific publications due to incorrect citation

Cognitive conflict in Science: Demonstrations in what scientists talk about and study.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Buttliere
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Cognitive Conflict ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
Group Outcomes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Competing Ideas ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
The Brain

Summary -- The concept of cognitive conflict, that being two competing ideas in the brain at the same time, encompasses a large number of instantiations throughout Psychology (Festinger, 1964; Heine, Proulx, & Vohs, 2006), even playing an important role in many philosophies considering how science works best (Kuhn, 1962; Platt, 1964; Popper, 1934/ 2005). This experience of cognitive conflict is widely considered to be aversive, but also motivating, for individuals across a wide range of contexts. Here I examined two ways cognitive conflict affects what topics receive scientific attention. Pairing the philosophies of science with Festinger’s (1950) hypotheses about informal social communication, it was hypothesized that:1.Scientists will discuss things they disagree about more than things they agree about. 2.Scientists will study more those topics which threaten individual or group outcomes. Utilizing publicly available data about scientific publications, I tested these hypotheses within a number of contexts, including public comments on papers, Tweets about papers and topics, and the author and automatically generated keywords describing scientific papers themselves (as a measure of what scientists write about and study). Two studies suggested that more negations in the texts (e.g., but, not, however) were related to larger discussions, more views, and more media attention. Two other studies examined the keywords describing papers, first all papers published across science by PLoS, and then all papers across publishers within Psychology. Both studies suggested that there are more unique negative keywords studied, and that these keywords have more papers written about them, on average. Overall, the results suggest that scientists talk more when they disagree, and that they speak more about threats to the group and individual. This more generally implies that cognitive conflict plays a role in determining what scientists talk about and study, and more generally that general psychological principles can be applied within the context of science.

The New Dynamics of Ageing Volume 1

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
New Science ◽  
Ageing Research ◽  
Active And Healthy Ageing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Art Research

This is the first of two volumes arising from the ground-breaking New Dynamics of Ageing Research Programme. While the Programme produced many scientific papers and several project-based books this is the only place where most of the projects are represented in specially commissioned chapters that not only report the key findings of each piece of research but also place those findings in a wider context. This volume covers a wide range of state-of-the-art research on ageing, with a specific focus on active and healthy ageing, design for ageing and global issues. Each chapter contains a summary of key findings. This book follows directly from the multi-disciplinary first volume in the Policy Press NDA Series, The New Science of Ageing.

scholarly journals Modern trends in Ukrainian criminal law doctrine in the trials of representatives of the Association of Criminal Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Vasylovych Kozachenko
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
The State ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scientific Papers

The article made an overview analysis of selected scientific publications placed in the published in 2021 a collection of scientific papers " Latest Criminal Law Research - 2021", which had been prepared in connection with the formation and further discussion of the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine. Researchers raise a wide range of issues related to the formation of the fundamental foundations of a new in content and form of criminal law, and of its individual institutions in order to find effective forms and measures to counter the challenges that have emerged in the context of widespread criminalization of various spheres of human life. Modern Ukrainian criminal law is in a state of comprehensive transformation caused by socio-economic, political, ideological and other changes in society and the state. Building a legal and social state, transforming society in order to give it the content of a civil society is impossible without a fundamental change in law. This is what determines the schedule of most scientific events of various formats and requires Ukrainian researchers, both theorists and practitioners, to participate in the discussion of a large number of debatable issues of the normative definition and practice of applying legal norms in various branches of law. It should be noted that representatives of the Ukrainian criminal law doctrine are at the forefront of the formation of a modern, both in form and in content, branch of criminal law. Naturally, most of the well-known representatives of the Ukrainian criminal law elite are members of the Public Organization "All-Ukrainian Association of Criminal Law" and provide real support to the activities of the Working Group on the Development of Criminal Law, which functions as a structural unit of the Commission on Legal Reform, created by the Decree of the President of Ukraine dated August 7, 2019 No. 584/2019. The pages of the annual publication of scientific papers "Latest Criminal Law Research - 2021" have become the traditional venue for discussions on topical issues of Ukrainian criminal law. The general purpose of this survey study is to conduct an analysis of thematic publications, which includes: a) the topic under study; c) the relevance of its consideration, taking into account modern needs; c) contribution to the development of criminal law science; e) sources used and links to scientific publications. From a methodological point of view, this study is close to hermeneutics, obtained as a result of deep understanding and interpretation of 10 scientific articles. Among the most significant conclusions, it stands out that the core of modern criminal law is a person to whom this place has been replaced by the state. In addition, the studies of Ukrainian scientists are consonant with the current problems and trends of the world criminal law science, which cannot but affect the formation of modern Ukrainian criminal law.

The New Dynamics of Ageing Volume 2

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Ageing Research ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Book Covers ◽  
Art Research

This is the second volume arising from the ground-breaking New Dynamics of Ageing Research Programme. While the Programme produced many scientific papers and several project-based books this (and its companion volume) is the only place where most of the projects are represented in specially commissioned chapters. Each of these reports the key findings from each research project and places them in a wider context. Each chapter also contains a summary of key findings. Like its predecessor this book covers a wide range of state-of-the-art research on ageing, with a specific focus on autonomy and independence, the biology of ageing, nutrition in later life and representations of ageing.

Industrial Labour Force of Russia in 20-30s of XX Century in Russian Historiography

2020 ◽  
pp. 431-449
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Shekatunov ◽  
Konstantin G. Malykhin
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Russian Industry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Potential Formation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Force Potential ◽  
Modern Russian

The article is devoted to the specifics of studying the industrial labour force of Russia in the 1920s - 1930s in Russian historiography. The various stages of study from the 1920s through the 1930s and up to the last years are concerned. The relevance of the study is due to several factors. These include contradictions in the assessments of Bolshevik modernization of the 1920s and 1930s; projected labour force shortages in modern Russia; as well as the existing labour force shortage in industry at the moment. This determines the relevance of studying the historical period, which was characterized by the most acute personnel problems in the country. The novelty of the study is due to the fact that in modern Russian historiography there is no holistic, integrated view of the problems of the labour force potential formation of Russian industry in the 1920s and 1930s. It is noted that there is no research aimed at analyzing the historiography of these problems. The main stages of the study of industrial labour force are highlighted. The analysis of scientific works correlated with each stage of the study of the topic is performed. The problems and methodology of each stage are considered. A review of a wide range of scientific papers both articles and thesis is presented.

Network Organizational Structure (a Scientific and Practical Review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-618
Author(s):  
A. V. Altukhov ◽  
S. A. Tishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
History Of ◽  
Business Structures

The presented study reviews practically relevant research papers in the field of network structures, modern network business models and platforms.Aim. The study aims to elaborate and explain the concept of network structure and platform and to show the reasons for the progressiveness and potential of network organizational structure at the current stage of socio-economic and scientific development.Tasks. The authors highlight the main scientific ideas about network structures in business, including significant studies in this area; provide and explain the main terms and definitions and examine the key characteristics of network business structures; characterize “platforms” as an important concept for modern business and show the relationship between platforms and network structures.Methods. This study uses analysis of information and subsequent synthesis of new knowledge in the form of the authors’ conclusions and a wide range of relevant scientific publications of Russian and foreign authors, including original publications in English and French.Results. The history of network structures is briefly provided. Definitions and characteristics of such concepts as “network structure” and “platform” in relation to business are provided and explained by the authors.

CLINICAL AND FORENSIC ASPECTS OF PHARMACOBEZOARS

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Basílio ◽  
Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Complete History ◽  
Lethal Blood

Background: Pharmacobezoars are specific types of bezoars formed when medicines, such as tablets, suspensions, and/or drug delivery systems, aggregate and may cause death by occluding airways with tenacious material or by eluting drugs resulting in toxic or lethal blood concentrations. Objective: This work aims to fully review the state-of-the-art regarding pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and other relevant clinical and forensic features of pharmacobezoars. Results: patients of a wide range of ages and in both sexes present with signs and symptoms of intoxications or more commonly gastrointestinal obstructions. The exact mechanisms of pharmacobezoar formation are unknown but is likely multifactorial. The diagnosis and treatment depend on the gastrointestinal segment affected and should be personalized to the medication and the underlying factor. A good and complete history, physical examination, image tests, upper endoscopy and surgery through laparotomy of the lower tract are useful for diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: Pharmacobezoars are rarely seen in clinical and forensic practice. They are related to controlled or immediate-release formulations, liquid or non-digestible substances, in normal or altered digestive motility/anatomy tract, and in overdoses or therapeutic doses, and should be suspected in the presence of risk factors or patients taking drugs which may form pharmacobezoars.

How Scientists Communicate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Conference Presentations ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Broad Overview

What is scientific research? It is the process by which we learn about the world. For this research to have an impact, and positively contribute to society, it needs to be communicated to those who need to understand its outcomes and significance for them. Any piece of research is not complete until it has been recorded and passed on to those who need to know about it. So, good communication skills are a key attribute for researchers, and scientists today need to be able to communicate through a wide range of media, from formal scientific papers to presentations and social media, and to a range of audiences, from expert peers to stakeholders to the general public. In this book, the goals and nature of scientific communication are explored, from the history of scientific publication; through the stages of how papers are written, evaluated, and published; to what happens after publication, using examples from landmark historical papers. In addition, ethical issues relating to publication, and the damage caused by cases of fabrication and falsification, are explored. Other forms of scientific communication such as conference presentations are also considered, with a particular focus on presenting and writing for nonspecialist audiences, the media, and other stakeholders. Overall, this book provides a broad overview of the whole range of scientific communication and should be of interest to researchers and also those more broadly interested in the process how what scientists do every day translates into outcomes that contribute to society.

Computers in Geology - 25 Years of Progress

1994 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
International Association ◽  
Mathematical Geology ◽  
25Th Anniversary ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mapping Techniques

This volume vividly demonstrates the importance and increasing breadth of quantitative methods in the earth sciences. With contributions from an international cast of leading practitioners, chapters cover a wide range of state-of-the-art methods and applications, including computer modeling and mapping techniques. Many chapters also contain reviews and extensive bibliographies which serve to make this an invaluable introduction to the entire field. In addition to its detailed presentations, the book includes chapters on the history of geomathematics and on R.G.V. Eigen, the "father" of mathematical geology. Written to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, the book will be sought after by both practitioners and researchers in all branches of geology.

scholarly journals Density Guarantee on Finding Multiple Subgraphs and Subtensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Quang-huy Duong ◽  
Heri Ramampiaro ◽  
Kjetil Nørvåg ◽  
Thu-lan Dam
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exact Methods ◽  
Practical Solution ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Real World Datasets ◽  
Tensor Data

Dense subregion (subgraph & subtensor) detection is a well-studied area, with a wide range of applications, and numerous efficient approaches and algorithms have been proposed. Approximation approaches are commonly used for detecting dense subregions due to the complexity of the exact methods. Existing algorithms are generally efficient for dense subtensor and subgraph detection, and can perform well in many applications. However, most of the existing works utilize the state-or-the-art greedy 2-approximation algorithm to capably provide solutions with a loose theoretical density guarantee. The main drawback of most of these algorithms is that they can estimate only one subtensor, or subgraph, at a time, with a low guarantee on its density. While some methods can, on the other hand, estimate multiple subtensors, they can give a guarantee on the density with respect to the input tensor for the first estimated subsensor only. We address these drawbacks by providing both theoretical and practical solution for estimating multiple dense subtensors in tensor data and giving a higher lower bound of the density. In particular, we guarantee and prove a higher bound of the lower-bound density of the estimated subgraph and subtensors. We also propose a novel approach to show that there are multiple dense subtensors with a guarantee on its density that is greater than the lower bound used in the state-of-the-art algorithms. We evaluate our approach with extensive experiments on several real-world datasets, which demonstrates its efficiency and feasibility.

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