DETERMINATION OF RICIN IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES USING BIOASSAY

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Rogovskaya ◽  
A. Yu. Gorbunov ◽  
Ya. A. Dubrovskii ◽  
N. S. Khlebnikova ◽  
V. N. Babakov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Caspase 8 ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Human Hepatoma ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Heparg Cell ◽  
Heparg Cells ◽  
Transcription Factor P53

A bioassay of ricin toxicity in environmental samples using real-time cell index monitoring is proposed. The halfmaximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ricin was estimated at 6,7 ng/ml for human hepatoma HepaRG cells proliferation. The antibodies to A- and B-subunits in HepaRG cell media lead to cytoprotective and antiapoptotic effects against the cytotoxicity of ricin. The antibodies neutralised activation of JNK kinase (phosphorylated at Thr183/Tyr185) and prevented accumulation of the active forms of caspase 8 (hydrolysed to Asp384) and caspase 9 (hydrolysed to Asp315) induced by ricin in HepaRG cells. The tested antibodies also prevented a decrease in the intracellular levels of the active forms of Akt 1 kinase (phosphorylated at Ser473) and transcription factor p53 (phosphorylated at Ser46) caused by ricin. The bioassay with antibodies can be considered as a specific method for identifying the toxin in environmental samples.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Potential Diagnostic Utility of the Determination of Selected Caspases—Markers Involved in the Regulation of Apoptosis—In Patients with Ovarian Cancer

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Mielczarek-Palacz ◽  
Sylwia Jasińska ◽  
Anna Strzelec
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serous Cystadenoma ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Caspase 8 ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Therapeutic Problem

Ovarian cancer remains a major diagnostic and therapeutic problem in modern gynecological oncology. For this reason, research which focuses on the search for new diagnostic markers and the assessment of their possible usefulness in clinical practice is still being conducted. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 in women with ovarian cancer. Patients with ovarian serous cystadenoma (Cystadenoma serosum) and papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma (Cystadenocarcinoma papillare serosum IIIC) were included in the study, as well as healthy women who constituted the control group. The results of the study revealed a statistically significantly decreased mean serum levels of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 in women with ovarian cancer as compared to the control group (p ˂ 0.001), which indicates the involvement of the studied parameters in immune system disturbances occurring in the process of apoptosis by the extrinsic and intrinsic pathway and may be one of the mechanisms of immunosuppression accompanying these tumors. Determination of serum levels of examined caspases and CA 125 antigen in women with ovarian cancer in combination with other markers may prove useful in the future in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer, but this requires further studies.

scholarly journals Microscopic Analysis of Bacterial Inoculum Effect Using Micropatterned Biochip

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Jung Ho Hwang ◽  
Sang Young Lee ◽  
Jungil Choi
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Microfluidic System ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Inoculum ◽  
Clinical Environments ◽  
Inoculum Effect

Antimicrobial resistance has become a major problem in public health and clinical environments. Against this background, antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) has become necessary to cure diseases in an appropriate and timely manner as it indicates the necessary concentration of antibiotics. Recently, microfluidic based rapid AST methods using microscopic analysis have been shown to reduce the time needed for the determination of the proper antibiotics. However, owing to the inoculum effect, the accurate measurement of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) is difficult. We tested four standard bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis, against five different antibiotics: piperacillin, cefotaxime, amikacin, levofloxacin, and ampicillin. The results showed that overall, the microfluidic system has a similar inoculum effect compared to the conventional AST method. However, due to the different testing conditions and determination protocols of the growth of the microfluidic based rapid AST, a few results are not identical to the conventional methods using optical density. This result suggests that microfluidic based rapid AST methods require further research on the inoculum effect for practical use in hospitals and can then be used for effective antibiotic prescriptions.

Field analysis Cr(VI) in water samples by a smartphone-based ultralong absorption path reflection colorimetric device

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolan Chen ◽  
Cheng Ma ◽  
Qi Kang ◽  
Yu-Qin Chen ◽  
Dazhong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Absorption Path

Hexavalent chromium is highly toxic and regarded as one of the main pollutants in environmental samples. Sophisticated laboratory instruments are commercially available for in-field determination of chromium. It is highly...

Micro-Determination of p-Hydroxybenzoic Esters in Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics

1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Weisenberg ◽  
Baruch Gershon ◽  
Judith Schoenberg
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Phosphate Ester ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Direct Extraction ◽  
Flame Photometric Detector ◽  
Phenol Derivatives ◽  
Margin Of Error ◽  
Diethyl Phosphate

Abstract A rapid and specific method is described for the determination of microamounts of methyl, propyl, and butyl p-hydroxybenzoic esters (parabens) in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The method involves the direct extraction of parabens into benzene or chloroform followed by derivatization with phosphorochloridate. The diethyl phosphate ester derivatives are cleaned up on a Florisil minicolumn and finally measured by gas-liquid chromatography on 5% OV-210 on Gas-Chrom Q. A flame photometric detector or a KCl thermionic detector may be used. The concentration response was linear up to 40 ng parabens. The reproducibility and margin of error were tested with fortified samples. This method may be applied to the estimation of other phenol derivatives.

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