scholarly journals Examining the functionality of peripheral vision

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 010
Author(s):  
Christian Vater ◽  
Ralf Kredel ◽  
Ernst-Joachim Hossner
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Foveal Vision ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
High Acuity ◽  
Gaze Anchoring ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Target Monitoring

In sports, it is important not only to locate gaze on the right location to utilize the high acuity of foveal vision, but also to attend to other objects in the environment without looking directly at them, accordingly, using peripheral vision. Peripheral vision becomes especially important if, for example, the processing of information from more than one location (e.g. players) is decisive in making accurate decisions. Since such decisions generally must be made under high spatio-temporal demands, costly eye-movements might be advantageously avoided by using peripheral vision for information pick-up from multiple cues. In a series of studies, we aimed to translate the demands found in sports and to investigate the functionality of peripheral vision in a well-controlled experimental paradigm, the multiple object tracking (MOT) task. MOT was implemented in a dual task, along with an additional event-detection task. The present article first presents an overview of sport-specific studies focusing on the functionality of peripheral vision and following, summarizes a series of three published MOT studies. These studies show that peripheral vision is used for simultaneous target monitoring and target-change detection and that visual and attentional demands affect gaze anchoring and change-detection rates. Results also reveal a dysfunctionality of saccades, and further suggest an event- and distance-optimized gaze-anchoring position. In the final portion of this article, we derive specific applications for future sports-specific research. Specifically, we suggest to: (a) use dual-task situations in sport-specific settings, such as monitoring multiple players in soccer and playing a pass at specific moments, (b) investigate the costs of saccades in sports situations with high spatio-temporal demands, as in martial arts, and finally, (c) manipulate attentional and visual demands. For each of these avenues of research, we sketch sports-specific experiments currently being conducted in our research group.

scholarly journals Examining the functionality of peripheral vision: From fundamental understandings to applied sport science

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Vater ◽  
Ralf Kredel ◽  
Ernst-Joachim Hossner
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Foveal Vision ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
High Acuity ◽  
Gaze Anchoring ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Target Monitoring

In sports, it is important not only to locate gaze on the right location to utilize the high acuity of foveal vision, but also to attend to other objects in the environment without looking directly at them, accordingly, using peripheral vision. Peripheral vision becomes especially important if, for example, the processing of information from more than one location (e.g. players) is decisive in making accurate decisions. Since such decisions generally must be made under high spatio-temporal demands, costly eye-movements might be advantageously avoided by using peripheral vision for information pick-up from multiple cues. In a series of studies, we aimed to translate the demands found in sports and to investigate the functionality of peripheral vision in a well-controlled experimental paradigm, the multiple object tracking (MOT) task. MOT was implemented in a dual task, along with an additional event-detection task. The present article first presents an overview of sport-specific studies focusing on the functionality of peripheral vision and following, summarizes a series of three published MOT studies. These studies show that peripheral vision is used for simultaneous target monitoring and target-change detection and that visual and attentional demands affect gaze anchoring and change-detection rates. Results also reveal a dysfunctionality of saccades, and further suggest an event- and distance-optimized gaze-anchoring position. In the final portion of this article, we derive specific applications for future sports-specific research. Specifically, we suggest to: (a) use dual-task situations in sport-specific settings, such as monitoring multiple players in soccer and playing a pass at specific moments, (b) investigate the costs of saccades in sports situations with high spatio-temporal demands, as in martial arts, and finally, (c) manipulate attentional and visual demands. For each of these avenues of research, we sketch sports-specific experiments currently being conducted in our research group.

Change Detection on Periphery and Dual-Task Performance

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (17) ◽  
pp. 1645-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mon-Chu Chen ◽  
Filipe Fortes ◽  
Roberta Klatzky ◽  
William Long
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Primary Task ◽  
Peripheral Stimulus ◽  
Dual Task Performance

A variation of the Wickens' Task was performed to examine the assumption that people can detect certain stimuli on their periphery without decreasing the performance of the primary task. Participants were instructed to respond to a change in a peripheral stimulus without shifting their gaze from a primary task in the center of their visual field. Our data suggests that both type and magnitude of change have a significant effect on detection rate and reaction time. The data also suggests that the performance of the primary task did not decay after the change of the stimuli occurred. Based on these findings, we argue that people can detect various types of changes without shifting gaze and without degrading task performance. Therefore, an interface particularly designed for peripheral vision is possible, and it will potentially provide benefits to both productivity and safety.

scholarly journals Building Change Detection for Remote Sensing Images Using a Dual-Task Constrained Deep Siamese Convolutional Network Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Chao Pang ◽  
Zongqian Zhan ◽  
Xiaomeng Zhang ◽  
Xue Yang
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Remote Sensing Images ◽  
Convolutional Network

Analyzing Spatio-temporal Land Cover Dynamics in an Atlantic Forest Portion Using Unsupervised Change Detection Techniques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Ribeiro Sapucci ◽  
Rogério Galante Negri ◽  
Wallace Casaca ◽  
Klécia Gili Massi
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Land Cover Dynamics ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Study of the Spatio-Temporal Data Model in Sea Battlefield

2012 ◽  
Vol 246-247 ◽  
pp. 744-748
Author(s):  
Yue Lin Sun ◽  
Lei Bao ◽  
Yi Hang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Effective Analysis

An effective analysis of the battlefield situation and spatio-temporal data model in a sea battlefield has great significance for the commander to perceive the battlefield situation and to make the right decisions. Based on the existing spatio-temporal data model, the present paper gives a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of sea battlefield data, and chooses the object-oriented spatio-temporal data model to modify it; at the same time this paper introduces sea battlefield space-time algebra system to define various data types formally, which lays the foundation for the establishment of the sea battlefield spatio-temporal data model.

Manifestarea anotimpurilor în contextul schimbarilor climatice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Nedealcov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Thermal Threshold ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Right

The early manifestation of the seasons and seasonal temperature's increasing trend for all seasons require adequate solutions of adaptation to climate change. Knowledge of the spatio-temporal variability of climatic parameters that characterize the seasons, focusing on the last decades - a period of time when climatic variability is even more pronounced compared to previous periods, is of particular interest. Analysis of the density of the seasonal average temperature distribution function indicates a shift to the right for the values, which demonstrates warming trend for all the seasons. The highest accelerated rhythm belongs to winters and summers, and in this context the duration of the seasons and the accumulation of daily temperatures with a certain thermal threshold is also changing.

Foveal Attention Modulates Responses to Peripheral Stimuli

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 2443-2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simo Vanni ◽  
Kimmo Uutela
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Frontal Eye Field ◽  
L1 Norm ◽  
Luminance Stimulus ◽  
The Right

When attending to a visual object, peripheral stimuli must be monitored for appropriate redirection of attention and gaze. Earlier work has revealed precentral and posterior parietal activation when attention has been directed to peripheral vision. We wanted to find out whether similar cortical areas are active when stimuli are presented in nonattended regions of the visual field. The timing and distribution of neuromagnetic responses to a peripheral luminance stimulus were studied in human subjects with and without attention to fixation. Cortical current distribution was analyzed with a minimum L1-norm estimate. Attention enhanced responses 100–160 ms after the stimulus onset in the right precentral cortex, close to the known location of the right frontal eye field. In subjects whose right precentral region was not distinctly active before 160 ms, focused attention commonly enhanced right inferior parietal responses between 180 and 240 ms, whereas in the subjects with clear earlier precentral response no parietal enhancement was detected. In control studies both attended and nonattended stimuli in the peripheral visual field evoked the right precentral response, whereas during auditory attention the visual stimuli failed to evoke such response. These results show that during focused visual attention the right precentral cortex is sensitive to stimuli in all parts of the visual field. A rapid response suggests bypassing of elaborate analysis of stimulus features, possibly to encode target location for a saccade or redirection of attention. In addition, load for frontal and parietal nodi of the attentional network seem to vary between individuals.

scholarly journals THE DUAL-TASK COST IS DUE TO NEURAL INTERFERENCES DISRUPTING THE OPTIMAL SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF THE COMPETING TASKS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Mac-Auliffe ◽  
Benoit Chatard ◽  
Mathilde Petton ◽  
Anne-Claire Croizé ◽  
Florian Sipp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
List Type ◽  
Intracranial Eeg ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Dual Tasking ◽  
Dual Task Cost ◽  
Neural Origin ◽  
Spatio Temporal

ABSTRACTDual-tasking is extremely prominent nowadays, despite ample evidence that it comes with a performance cost: the Dual-Task (DT) cost. Neuroimaging studies have established that tasks are more likely to interfere if they rely on common brain regions, but the precise neural origin of the DT cost has proven elusive so far, mostly because fMRI does not record neural activity directly and cannot reveal the key effect of timing, and how the spatio-temporal neural dynamics of the tasks coincide.Recently, DT electrophysiological studies in monkeys have recorded neural populations shared by the two tasks with millisecond precision to provide a much finer understanding of the origin of the DT cost. We used a similar approach in humans, with intracranial EEG, to assess the neural origin of the DT cost in a particularly challenging naturalistic paradigm which required accurate motor responses to frequent visual stimuli (task T1) and the retrieval of information from long-term memory (task T2), as when answering passengers’ questions while driving.We found that T2 elicited neuroelectric interferences in the gamma-band (>40 Hz), in key regions of the T1 network including the Multiple Demand Network. They reproduced the effect of disruptive electrocortical stimulations to create a situation of dynamical incompatibility, which might explain the DT cost. Yet, participants were able to flexibly adapt their strategy to minimize interference, and most surprisingly, reduce the reliance of T1 on key regions of the executive control network – the anterior insula and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex – with no performance decrement.HIGHLIGHTS- First direct evidence in humans of neural interferences between two tasks.- First explanation of the Dual-Task cost at the neural level in humans.- First Dual-Tasking study with intracranial EEG in naturalistic conditions.

scholarly journals The electrical heart axis of the fetus between 18 and 24 weeks of gestation: A cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0256115
Author(s):  
Carlijn Lempersz ◽  
Lore Noben ◽  
Sally-Ann B. Clur ◽  
Edwin van den Heuvel ◽  
Zhouzhao Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Fetal Anomaly ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Electrophysiological Measurements ◽  
Fetal Electrocardiography ◽  
The Right ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

Introduction A fetal anomaly scan in mid-pregnancy is performed, to check for the presence of congenital anomalies, including congenital heart disease (CHD). Unfortunately, 40% of CHD is still missed. The combined use of ultrasound and electrocardiography might boost detection rates. The electrical heart axis is one of the characteristics which can be deduced from an electrocardiogram (ECG). The aim of this study was to determine reference values for the electrical heart axis in healthy fetuses around 20 weeks of gestation. Material and methods Non-invasive fetal electrocardiography was performed subsequent to the fetal anomaly scan in pregnant women carrying a healthy singleton fetus between 18 and 24 weeks of gestation. Eight adhesive electrodes were applied on the maternal abdomen including one ground and one reference electrode, yielding six channels of bipolar electrophysiological measurements. After removal of interferences, a fetal vectorcardiogram was calculated and then corrected for fetal orientation. The orientation of the electrical heart axis was determined from this normalized fetal vectorcardiogram. Descriptive statistics were used on normalized cartesian coordinates to determine the average electrical heart axis in the frontal plane. Furthermore, 90% prediction intervals (PI) for abnormality were calculated. Results Of the 328 fetal ECGs performed, 281 were included in the analysis. The average electrical heart axis in the frontal plane was determined at 122.7° (90% PI: -25.6°; 270.9°). Discussion The average electrical heart axis of healthy fetuses around mid-gestation is oriented to the right, which is, due to the unique fetal circulation, in line with muscle distribution in the fetal heart.

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