scholarly journals Sulphur Dynamics under different land uses of Outer Himalayan region of Himachal Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
Deepika Suri ◽  
V. K. Sharma ◽  
Pardeep Kumar ◽  
R. G. Upadhayay ◽  
Gazala Nazir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Total Sulphur ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
Short And Long Term

The knowledge of different sulphur (S) forms and their relationship with soil properties is of much relevance in assessing the short- and long-term availability of the nutrients to crops and in formulating sound fertilizer recommendations. For this purpose one hundred and one representative soil samples were collected from the study area and analyzed for various physicochemical properties and forms of sulphur (water soluble, exchangeable, available, organic, non-sulphate and total S) using standard methods. The different forms of sulphur viz., water soluble, exchangeable, available, organic, non-sulphate and total sulphur ranged from 1.1 to 7.0, 1.9 to 10.9, 3.1 to 21.1, 75.9 to 316.1, 8.0 to 41.5 and 75.5 to 372.5 mg kg-1, respectively in soils of Outer Himalayas under different land uses. The content of different forms of sulphur present in these soils were in the order of total sulphur, organic sulphur, non-sulphate sulphur, available sulphur, exchangeable sulphur and water soluble sulphur. All the forms of S correlated positively and significantly with organic carbon and clay content of soils. A negative and significant relationship was also observed between all forms of sulphur and sand content of soils. In the present study, it was also found that all forms of S present in soils were significantly and positively correlated with each other. The knowledge regarding different forms of S in soils and their availability controlled by different soil properties will be helpful for its management to optimize crop yields in the Outer Himalayas of Himachal Pradesh.

scholarly journals Soil properties after 36 years of N fertilization under continuous corn and corn-soybean management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nakian Kim ◽  
Gevan D. Behnke ◽  
María B. Villamil
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Continuous Corn

Abstract. Modern agricultural systems rely on inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilization to enhance crop yields, but its overuse may negatively affect soil properties. Our objective was to investigate the effect of long-term N fertilization on key soil properties under continuous corn [Zea mays L.] (CCC) and both the corn (Cs) and soybean [Glycine max L. Merr.] (Sc) phases of a corn-soybean rotation. Research plots were established in 1981 with treatments arranged as a split-plot design in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plot was crop rotation (CCC, Cs, and Sc), and the subplots were N fertilizer rates of 0 kg N ha−1 (N0, controls), and 202 kg N ha−1, and 269 kg N ha−1 (N202, and N269, respectively). After 36 years and within the CCC, the yearly addition of N269 compared to unfertilized controls significantly increased cation exchange capacity (CEC, 65 % higher under N269) and acidified the top 15 cm of the soil (pH 4.8 vs. pH 6.5). Soil organic matter (SOM) and total carbon stocks (TCs) were not affected by treatments, yet water aggregate stability (WAS) decreased by 6.7 % within the soybean phase of the CS rotation compared to CCC. Soil bulk density (BD) decreased with increased fertilization by 5 % from N0 to N269. Although ammonium (NH4+) did not differ by treatments, nitrate (NO3−) increased eight-fold with N269 compared to N0, implying increased nitrification. Soils of unfertilized controls under CCC have over twice the available phosphorus level (P) and 40 % more potassium (K) than the soils of fertilized plots (N202 and N269). On average, corn yields increased 60 % with N fertilization compared to N0. Likewise, under N0, rotated corn yielded 45 % more than CCC; the addition of N (N202 and N269) decreased the crop rotation benefit to 17 %. Our results indicated that due to the increased level of corn residues returned to the soil in fertilized systems, long-term N fertilization improved WAS and BD, yet not SOM, at the cost of significant soil acidification and greater risk of N leaching and increased nitrous oxide emissions.

Soil properties currently limiting crop yields in Swedish agriculture – An analysis of 90 yield survey districts and 10 long-term field experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 126132
Author(s):  
Holger Kirchmann ◽  
Gunnar Börjesson ◽  
Martin A. Bolinder ◽  
Thomas Kätterer ◽  
Faruk Djodjic
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Term Field

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Forest Plantation Species on Chemical Soil Properties in Southern Rwanda

Soil Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Peter Rwibasira ◽  
Francois Xavier Naramabuye ◽  
Donat Nsabimana ◽  
Monique Carnol
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil Functioning ◽  
C And N

Understanding the long-term effects of tree species on soil properties is crucial for the development of forest restoration policies in relation to the choice of species that meet both environmental and local livelihood needs. This study was performed in the Arboretum of Ruhande, Southern Rwanda, where monocultures of 148 deciduous and 56 conifer species have been established in 0.25 ha replicated plots from 1933 onwards. We investigated the effects of six exotic and two native tree species planted in monoculture plots and native species mixed within one self-regenerated plot on soil properties in two layers (0–5 cm and 5–10 cm depth). We measured general soil properties (pH, SOM, exchangeable base cations) and water-soluble C and N as a proxy for soil functioning. Changes in soil properties were observed in the upper soil layer for all tree species. Planting Eucalyptus species caused soil acidification, whereas soil exchangeable cations and pH were higher under native species (Entandrophragma excelsum and Polyschias fulva) and mixed native species. The effects of tree species were more pronounced for hot water-extractable C and N than for other soil properties. Their analyses could be used for detecting changes in soil functioning linked to vegetation types.

scholarly journals Depth-wise fractionation of sulphur in cultivated soils of low and mid hills of Himachal Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
Deepika Suri ◽  
V. K. Sharma ◽  
R. G. Upadhyay ◽  
Anjali K ◽  
Gazala Nazir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Total Sulphur ◽  
Total Sulphur Content ◽  
Organic Sulphur ◽  
Sulphate Sulphur

The current investigation was conducted to study the fractions of sulphur in nine districts of low and mid hills of Himachal Pradesh. For this purpose 31 representative soil sampling sites were selected from nine districts and the soil samples were analyzed for physicochemical properties and different fractions of sulphur (water soluble sulphur, exchangeable sulphur, available sulphur, non-sulphate sulphur, organic sulphur and total sulphur). The results indicated that the total sulphur in soils varied from 98.2 to 470.1 mg kg-1 in surface soil (0-15 cm) and 67.2 to 370.7 mg kg-1 in sub-surface layer (15-60 cm). The organic sulphur varied from 80.5 to 401.1 mg kg-1 in surface and 44 to 306.1 mg kg-1 in sub-surface layer. The water soluble sulphur, exchangeable sulphur, available sulphur and non-sulphate sulphur varied from 1.7 to 9.2, 2.7 to 18.4, 4.5 to 27.6 and 10.2 to 58.9 mg kg-1 respectively in surface soil and 0.5 to 5.4, 1 to 17.7, 3.7 to 23.5 and 12.5 to 50.2 mg kg-1, respectively in sub-surface soil. It was observed during course of study that with increase in the soil depth the content of different fractions of sulphur decreased. These soils had the major part of their total sulphur content in organic form followed by non-sulphate sulphur, available sulphur, exchangeable sulphur and water soluble sulphur. It can be concluded that the soil texture and organic carbon content played a major role in determining the quantity of different fractions of sulphur in these soils.

scholarly journals Manure application increased crop yields by promoting nitrogen use efficiency in the soils of 40-year soybean-maize rotation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hua ◽  
Peiyu Luo ◽  
Ning An ◽  
Fangfang Cai ◽  
Shiyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

Abstract It is great of importance to better understand the effects of the long-term fertilization on crop yields, soil properties and nitrogen (N) use efficiency in a rotation cropping cultivation system under the conditions of frequent soil disturbance. Therefore, a long-term field experiment of 40 years under soybean-maize rotation was performed in a brown soil to investigate the effects of inorganic and organic fertilizers on crop yields, soil properties and nitrogen use efficiency. Equal amounts of 15N-labelled urea with 20.8% of atom were used and uniformly applied into the micro-plots of the treatments with N, NPK, M1NPK, M2NPK before soybean sowing, respectively. Analyses showed that a total of 18.3–32.5% of applied N fertilizer was taken up by crops in the first soybean growing season, and that the application of manure combining with chemical fertilizer M2NPK demonstrated the highest rate of 15N recovery and increased soil organic matter (SOM) and Olsen phosphorus (Olsen P), thereby sustaining a higher crop yield and alleviating soil acidification. Data also showed that no significant difference was observed in the 15N recovery from residue N in the second maize season plant despite of showing a lower 15N recovery compared with the first soybean season. The recovery rates of 15N in soils were ranged from 38.2 to 49.7% by the end of the second cropping season, and the residuals of 15N distribution in soil layers revealed significant differences. The M2NPK treatment demonstrated the highest residual amounts of 15N, and a total of 50% residual 15N were distributed in a soil layer of 0–20 cm. Our results showed that long-term application of organic fertilizers could effectively promote N use efficiency by increasing SOM and improving soil fertility, and thus leading to an increase in crop yields. This study will provide a scientific reference and guidance for improving soil sustainable productivity by manure application.

Soil properties following long-term application of stockpiled feedlot manure containing straw or wood-chip bedding under barley silage production

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Miller ◽  
B. W. Beasley ◽  
C. F. Drury ◽  
X. Hao ◽  
F. J. Larney
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Bedding Material ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
Total Organic C

Miller, J. J., Beasley, B. W., Drury, C. F., Hao, X. and Larney, F. J. 2014. Soil properties following long-term application of stockpiled feedlot manure containing straw or wood-chip bedding under barley silage production. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 389–402. The influence of long-term land application of stockpiled feedlot manure (SM) containing either wood-chip (SM-WD) or straw (SM-ST) bedding on soil properties during the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) silage growing season is unknown. The main objective of our study was determine the effect of bedding material in stockpiled manure (i.e., SM-WD vs. SM-ST) on certain soil properties. A secondary objective was to determine if organic amendments affected certain soil properties compared with unamended soil. Stockpiled feedlot manure with SM-WD or SM-ST bedding at 77 Mg (dry wt) ha−1 yr−1 was annually applied for 13 to 14 yr to a clay loam soil in a replicated field experiment in southern Alberta. There was also an unamended control. Soil properties were measured every 2 wk during the 2011 and 2012 growing season. Properties included water-filled pore space (WFPS), total organic C and total N, NH4-N and NO3-N, water-soluble non-purgeable organic C (NPOC), water-soluble total N (WSTN), denitrification (acetylene inhibition method), and CO2 flux. The most consistent and significant (P≤0.05) bedding effects on soil properties in both years occurred for total organic C, C:N ratio, and WSTN. Total organic C and C:N ratio were generally greater for SM-WD than SM-ST, and the reverse trend occurred for WSTN. Bedding effects on other soil properties (WFPS, NH4-N, NO3-N, NPOC) occurred in 2012, but not in 2011. Total N, daily denitrification, and daily CO2 flux were generally unaffected by bedding material. Mean daily denitrification fluxes ranged from 0.9 to 1078 g N2O-N ha−1 d−1 for SM-ST, 0.8 to 326 g N2O-N ha−1 d−1 for SM-WD, and 0.6 to 250 g N2O-N ha−1 d−1 for the CON. Mean daily CO2 fluxes ranged from 5.3 to 43.4 kg CO2-C ha−1 d−1 for SM-WD, 5.5 to 26.0 kg CO2-C ha−1 d−1 for SM-ST, and from 0.5 to 6.8 kg CO2-C ha−1 d−1 for the CON. The findings from our study suggest that bedding material in feedlot manure may be a possible method to manage certain soil properties.

Long-term comparison of rock phosphate with superphosphate on crop yield in two cereal-legume rotations

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Choudhary ◽  
L. D. Bailey ◽  
T. R. Peck ◽  
L. E. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
N Application ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Glycine Max L

Monocropping and long-term use of highly water soluble commercial fertilizers may reduce crop yields and contaminate surface and ground water. A long-term experiment compared the effectiveness of rock phosphate (RP) with superphosphate (SP) on crop yields, soil tests, and leaf nutrient concentrations in two rotations with or without addition of N or lime in a strip-block design with phosphate as vertical factor and N or lime as horizontal factor applied over P treatments. Crops in rotation A (1952–1967) included oats (Avena sativa L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), corn (Zea mays L.) 1st yr and corn 2nd yr while crops in rotation B (1968–1983) included corn and soybean (Glycine max L.). Phosphate application as single source, RP and SP in combination, and RP with elemental sulphur ranged from 0 to 40 kg P ha−1 yr−1. In rotation A, RP was applied once every 8 yr at eight times the annual rate; in rotation B it was applied at half the annual rate of rotation A. The SP was applied annually in both rotations. In both rotations, P treatments significantly increased crop yields. In rotation A, crop yields on RP treatments were similar to those on corresponding SP treatments except for oats. Similarly, yields of crops grown with RP alone were similar to those obtained with a mixture of RP with SP or S. But corn grown after alfalfa did not respond to N application nor did crop yields respond to lime application. In rotation B, at low lime, corn and soybean yields were similar on RP treatments to those on corresponding SP treatments, but at high lime, yields were significantly lower with RP than corresponding SP treatments. Further, crop yields on mixture of RP and SP were similar to yields with RP alone, and the RP and S combination produced lower soybean yields and similar corn yields than RP alone. In this long-term cropping sequence study, on acidic soil RP was equally as effective as SP in supplying P to crops. Key words: Rock phosphate, superphosphate, legumes, lime, nitrogen

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