Advanced Imaging of Pediatric Radial and Axillary Nerve Anatomy for Intraoperative Use

The authors report an unusual presentation of juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG), a non–Langerhans cell histiocytosis of infancy and early childhood. This entity typically presents as a cutaneous head or neck nodule but can manifest with more systemic involvement including in the central nervous system. However, currently there is limited information regarding specific imaging features differentiating JXG from other neuropathological entities, with diagnosis typically made only after tissue sampling. The authors reviewed the initial images of a young patient with shunt-treated hydrocephalus and enlarging, chronic, extraaxial processes presumed to reflect subdural collections from overshunting, and they examine the operative discovery of a mass lesion that was pathologically proven to be JXG. Their results incorporate the important associated histological and advanced imaging features, including previously unreported metabolic activity on FDG PET. Ultimately, the case underscores the need to consider JXG in differential diagnoses of pediatric intracranial masses and highlights the potential role of PET in the initial diagnosis and response to treatment.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of ADVANCED IMAGING. Extended-resolution structured illumination imaging of endocytic and cytoskeletal dynamics.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.725755165.793509421 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Xueliang Zhu

Keyword(s):

Structured Illumination ◽

Advanced Imaging ◽

Cytoskeletal Dynamics

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Looking closer at acute respiratory distress syndrome: the role of advanced imaging techniques.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.727055320.793542836 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Klaus Ulrich Klein

Keyword(s):

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Advanced Imaging

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Differentiating Glioblastomas from Solitary Brain Metastases: An Update on the Current Literature of Advanced Imaging Modalities

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13122960 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 2960

Author(s):

Austin-John Fordham ◽

Caitlin-Craft Hacherl ◽

Neal Patel ◽

Keri Jones ◽

Brandon Myers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Brain Metastases ◽

Clinical Assessment ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Imaging Modalities ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Dynamic Susceptibility ◽

Advanced Imaging ◽

Imaging Protocol ◽

Solitary Brain Metastases

Differentiating between glioblastomas and solitary brain metastases proves to be a challenging diagnosis for neuroradiologists, as both present with imaging patterns consisting of peritumoral hyperintensities with similar intratumoral texture on traditional magnetic resonance imaging sequences. Early diagnosis is paramount, as each pathology has completely different methods of clinical assessment. In the past decade, recent developments in advanced imaging modalities enabled providers to acquire a more accurate diagnosis earlier in the patient’s clinical assessment, thus optimizing clinical outcome. Dynamic susceptibility contrast has been optimized for detecting relative cerebral blood flow and relative cerebral blood volume. Diffusion tensor imaging can be used to detect changes in mean diffusivity. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging is an innovative modality detecting changes in intracellular volume fraction, isotropic volume fraction, and extracellular volume fraction. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is able to assist by providing a metabolic descriptor while detecting variable ratios of choline/N-acetylaspartate, choline/creatine, and N-acetylaspartate/creatine. Finally, radiomics and machine learning algorithms have been devised to assist in improving diagnostic accuracy while often utilizing more than one advanced imaging protocol per patient. In this review, we provide an update on all the current evidence regarding the identification and differentiation of glioblastomas from solitary brain metastases.

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Advanced Imaging and Bio Techniques for Convergence Science

10.1007/978-981-33-6064-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Advanced Imaging

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Cadaveric evaluation of the feasibility of glenohumeral joint denervation

Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics ◽

10.1186/s40634-020-00322-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Amr M. Aly

Keyword(s):

Muscle Weakness ◽

Shoulder Joint ◽

Glenohumeral Joint ◽

Axillary Nerve ◽

Low Risk ◽

Dorsal Approach ◽

Articular Branch ◽

Pectoral Nerve ◽

Teres Minor

Abstract Purpose To assess the feasibility of total shoulder denervation through two proposed incisions. Methods Total shoulder denervation was performed through an extended delta-pectoral approach and a transverse dorsal approach at the spine of the scapula. The study involved six cadavers. Course and number of articular branches from the lateral pectoral, axillary and supra-scapular nerve were documented. Results All shoulder joint articular branches were accessible through the proposed anterior and posterior approaches. The articular branch of the lateral pectoral nerve and supra scapular nerve were present in all the specimen. Axillary nerve articular branches were variable in number but when present anteriorly were proximal to the deltoid muscular branches and posteriorly proximal to the muscular branches to the teres minor. Conclusion Total glenohumeral denervation was feasible through our proposed anterior and posterior approaches. Enhanced knowledge of articular nerve branches could provide interventional targets for joint and ligament pain, with low risk of muscle weakness.

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Differences in echocardiography interpretation techniques among trainees and expert readers

Journal of Echocardiography ◽

10.1007/s12574-021-00531-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

David Roy Anderson ◽

Sarah Blissett ◽

Patricia O’Sullivan ◽

Atif Qasim

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Systematic Approach ◽

Qualitative Case Study ◽

First Year ◽

Educational Tool ◽

Thought Processes ◽

Advanced Imaging ◽

Multiple Images ◽

Novice Readers

Abstract Background Trainees learn transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) interpretation through independently completing and reviewing selected portions of the study with experts. The diagnostic accuracy of novice TTE interpretation is known to be low and schema for reading TTEs systematically are lacking. The purpose of our study is to identify techniques experts use while reading TTEs which could be used to more effectively teach novice readers. Methods We performed a prospective qualitative case study to observe how experts and trainees interpret TTEs in an academic institution using a concurrent think aloud (CTA) method. Three TTEs of intermediate complexity were given to 3 advanced imaging fellows, 3 first year fellows and 3 expert TTE readers Participants filled out a report while reading and described aloud their thought processes. Sessions were video and audiotaped for analysis. Results Experts and advanced fellows used specific techniques that novices did not including: previewing studies, reviewing multiple images simultaneously, having flexibility in image review order and disease coding, and saving hardest elements to code for the end. Direct observation of TTE reading informed trainee inefficiencies and was a well-received educational tool. Conclusions In this single centered study we identified several unique approaches experts use to interpret TTEs which may be teachable to novices. Although limited in generalizability the findings of this study suggests that a more systematic approach to TTE interpretation, using techniques found in experts, might be of significant value for trainees. Further study is needed to evaluate teaching practices at other institutions and to assess whether implementation of these techniques by novices improves can improve their diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of reading at an earlier stage in their training.

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