scholarly journals Guiding the new era of electrified transportation with 4-networks 4-flows integration theory and practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Ching Chuen Chan
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Integration Theory ◽  
New Era

Surplus: Two Hundred Years of Actuarial Advance

1962 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 19-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Cox ◽  
R. H. Storr-Best
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Public ◽  
Life Assurance ◽  
Pension Schemes ◽  
The Future ◽  
Social Scene ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
The Times ◽  
Historical Developments

SynopsisThe paper is in the nature of a summary of the authors' book “Surplus in British Life Assurance—Actuarial Control over its Emergence and Distribution during 200 Years”. Copies may be purchased direct from the Institute of Actuaries (price 17s. 6d.). Members and Students of the Faculty may obtain a copy for personal use at the reduced price of 11s. post free. It begins with a survey of the principal factors that have influenced the development of theory and practice in regard to surplus throughout the years. It describes the manner in which surplus first arose in scientific life assurance, and traces how this and other historical developments have had an important effect both in the early days and later as a valid standard of equity was gradually evolved. At the same time the influence of long-dated contracts and of the expectations of the public has been a stabilising factor in spite of rapid changes in the economic and social scene.The characteristics of the nineteenth-century image of equity are described, and the history of the twentieth century in regard to surplus is seen as one of attempts to preserve that image through sharp and contrasting vicissitudes. This idea is explored in some detail for both ordinary and industrial life business.The problems of the present day are reviewed one by one and the paper touches on such matters as economic inflation, the public demand for pension schemes, the introduction of computers and data-processing devices and the prospect of Britain joining the Common Market. Against this background, various modern concepts of equity are contrasted and brief reference is made to matching, immunisation and gearing. Equity in with-profit pension schemes and systems of variable policies are also considered.This general survey leads the authors in the end to ask some critical questions about the performance of the profession throughout its history. These questions relate to the success or otherwise of actuaries in foreseeing the future, in attaining equity and in progressing with the times. The authors attempt to answer them and are able to end on a cheerful note as regards past achievements and to express great hopes for the future, which may well bring a new era for the profession.

On Urban Transportation Planning in an Information Society

2014 ◽  
Vol 587-589 ◽  
pp. 1822-1825
Author(s):  
Wei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Planning Theory ◽  
New Era

Nowadays, with developments of science and technology, our society has entered into the new era of information society where many things have changed deep. From the point of urban transportation planning theory and practice, this paper analyzed the definition and characteristics of the information society, discussed in detail the relevant problems and key implications to urban transportation planning in an information society.

scholarly journals Existing Mechanisms of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Their Problems Dealing With Non-traditional Security Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-126
Author(s):  
Xuesong Fan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
New Members ◽  
New Era ◽  
New Model ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Chinese Rhetoric ◽  
The Face

Central Asia is extremely important for the security of Russia, China and the Eurasian region, both historically and at present. Unconventional security challenges, led by terrorism, extremism and separatism, which in the official Chinese rhetoric and official documents of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) are designated as the ‘three forces of evil,’ pose a serious challenge to the security of China, Russia, the countries of Central Asia and Eurasia in general. Over the 20 years of the SCO’s history, proceeding from their ‘Shanghai spirit,’ the participating countries have created unique legislative and organizational mechanisms for a joint strike against the ‘three forces of evil,’ as well as mechanisms for bilateral and multilateral antiterrorist exercises. The most important of these is the Peace Mission joint exercise, which has been regularly held since 2005. These mechanisms of cooperation within the SCO embody the spirit of solidarity, mutual trust and cooperation, reflect the ability of the members of the organization to jointly counter the ‘three forces of evil’ and respond to related problems, and also symbolize the SCO’s determination to protect stability in the region and peace in the world. The organization has made a significant contribution to ensuring security in the region. Nevertheless, in the face of existing problems and new challenges such as potential competition and disagreements within the organization, problems with new members after the expansion of the membership, and also the ineffective functioning of some of the SCO’s security instruments, all SCO members need to strengthen their cooperation and open new ways for organizing the SCO to fulfil well its unique role to ensure security in the territory of SCO states and in Eurasia as a whole. The new model of relations—‘Russian-Chinese relations of comprehensive partnership and strategic interaction entering a new era’—that underlies the SCO gives the organization greater stability. The SCO is a unique organization on the territory of Eurasia and has both implemented an important innovation in the theory and practice of international relations and opened a new model of regional cooperation. Therefore, it can be stated with a high degree of confidence that multilateral cooperation in the field of security will gradually deepen.

scholarly journals Park City: A New Paradigm Leading Urban Development in the New Era

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimeng Gu ◽  
Sudan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
New Era ◽  
Time Position ◽  
City Construction ◽  
Historical Heritage

When President Xi Jinping came to Sichuan for an inspection, he first put forward the major proposition of "Park City", and deeply answered the fundamental questions of what kind of city to build in the new era, how to build a city, and so on, to construct a new paradigm for planning and promoting urban development in a new historical position. From the perspective of combining theory and practice, this paper expounds the time position, historical heritage, main connotation and advancement path of park city construction.

scholarly journals The Design and Research of the Projected Problem: Solving Teaching Research Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (S1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Xiumei Dai ◽  
Liangbin Yi
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Mathematics Teaching ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
New Era ◽  
Teaching Activities ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Teaching Research ◽  
Teachers Professional Development

Promoting teachers’ professional development has become the overall goal of teachers’ training in the new era. In this article, the researches on classroom, teaching material, and examination assignment were considered as the carriers, taking the interactive process Plan-Action-Observation-Reflection as the path, so as to contribute to the project features, including the task collection and selection, materials sorting, joint R&D, and problem-solving. Through the reform of traditional teaching activities, the article particularly explored and analyzed the intention, procedure, and content of innovative Mathematics teaching research activity through the projected teaching, and researching model. It is important to pay attention to the combination of theory and practice, education and scientific research, teacher research and expert guidance, so as to enhance the teachers’ professional abilities to solve the teaching problems and promote the regional Mathematics teaching activities to a deeper level.

Kant’s Rejection of Just War: International Order between Democratic Constitutionalism and Revolutionary Violence

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-144
Author(s):  
Oliver Eberl
Keyword(s):  
Just War ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
International Order ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
New Era ◽  
Early Modernity ◽  
Modern War ◽  
War Discourse

Following up on Tischer’s, Becker Lorca’s and Teschke’s observations on early modern war discourse, Oliver Eberl in this chapter elaborates Immanuel Kant’s critique of the justification of the use of force in early modernity which revolutionized the thinking on international order. Kant condemned the justification of the use of force as just war since this would perpetuate the state of nature which the states still found themselves in. Kant does not link directly theory and practice but rather formulates his theory on the background of revolutionary change, which in his view opens up the possibility of a completely new approach to international order. However, in unfolding his theory, Kant had to take into consideration its possible practical consequences in the context of an unstable international constellation of power. Furthermore, he had to accommodate the practice of the French republic to identify its opponents as ‘unjust enemies’, thereby contradicting the envisaged role of the revolution as the nucleus of the new era of peace envisioned by Kant.

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