scholarly journals Remotely-piloted aerial system for photogrammetry: orthoimage generation for mapping applications

Geografie ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jūratė Sužiedelytė Visockienė ◽  
Domantas Bručas ◽  
Renata Bagdžiūnaitė ◽  
Rūta Puzienė ◽  
Arminas Stanionis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Camera Calibration ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Camera Location ◽  
Commercial Off The Shelf ◽  
Calibration Parameters

Recently the tendency of replacing aircraft by light, simple, cheap unmanned aerial vehicles for the purposes of updating the field of aerial photogrammetry has been observed. The article deals with the issues of project calculations concerning unmanned aerial vehicles flights and an analysis of the images acquired during field-testing flights. In this article, we analyze the images acquired by mini unmanned aerial vehicles, in particular, the 1.8 plane and the plane SOA-1 that have been processed by a commercial off-the-shelf software package Agisoft PhotoScan (Russia). The 1.8 plane was equipped with the camera Canon S100, containing known camera calibration parameters. These parameters were used for the processing of the image. The aircraft SOA-1 had the camera Canon PowerShot SX280 HS without camera calibration parameters. The camera parameters were calculated by software during the processing image. The paper also presents results of an investigation into the average camera location errors during the test flights, the quality of orthoimage generation by point cloud and a digital terrain model.

scholarly journals BADANIE MOŻLIWOŚCI WYKORZYSTANIA ZOBRAZOWAŃ DYNAMICZNYCH (WIDEO) Z NISKIEGO PUŁAPU LOTNICZEGO (BSP) DO OPRACOWAŃ FOTOGRAMETRYCZNYCH

1970 ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
ADAM MŁYNARCZYK ◽  
SŁAWOMIR KRÓLEWICZ ◽  
PAWEŁ RUTKOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Recorded Image

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles is becoming more and more popular for making high-altitude and orthophotomap models. In this process, series of images are taken at specific intervals, usually lasting several seconds. This article demonstrates the ability to make models and orthophotomaps from dynamic images – video recorded from UAV. The best mutual coverage of photographs was indicated (95–96%) and the photogrammetric process for joining images was presented, through the creation of a point cloud to obtain a digital terrain model and the orotfotomap. The data was processed in 150 different variants and the usefulness of this method was demonstrated. Problems and errors that may occur during the processing of recorded image data are also described.

scholarly journals Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Photogrammetry: Analysis of Orthophoto Images over the Territory of Lithuania

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Suziedelyte Visockiene ◽  
R. Puziene ◽  
A. Stanionis ◽  
E. Tumeliene
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Flying Height ◽  
Digital Photo ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Photo Camera ◽  
Orthophoto Images

It has been recently observed that aircrafts tend to be replaced by light, simple structure unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) or mini unmanned aerial vehicles (MUAV) with the purpose of updating the field of aerial photogrammetry. The built-in digital photo camera takes images of the Earth’s surface. To satisfy the photogrammetric requirements of the photographic images, it is necessary to carry out the terrestrial project planning of the flight path before the flight, to select the appropriate flying height, the time for acquiring images, the speed of the UAV, and other parameters. The paper presents the results of project calculations concerning the UAV flights and the analysis of the terrestrial images acquired during the field-testing flights. The experience carried out so far in the Lithuanian landscape is shown. The taken images have been processed by PhotoMod photogrammetric system. The paper presents the results of calculation of the project values of the UAV flights taking the images by digital camera Canon S100 and the analysis of the possibilities of the UAV orthophoto images’ mode.

scholarly journals Polymodal Method of Improving the Quality of Photogrammetric Images and Models

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3457
Author(s):  
Pawel Burdziakowski
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Object Model ◽  
Quality Requirements ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Geometry Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Aerial Vehicles

Photogrammetry using unmanned aerial vehicles has become very popular and is already commonly used. The most frequent photogrammetry products are an orthoimage, digital terrain model and a 3D object model. When executing measurement flights, it may happen that there are unsuitable lighting conditions, and the flight itself is fast and not very stable. As a result, noise and blur appear on the images, and the images themselves can have too low of a resolution to satisfy the quality requirements for a photogrammetric product. In such cases, the obtained images are useless or will significantly reduce the quality of the end-product of low-level photogrammetry. A new polymodal method of improving measurement image quality has been proposed to avoid such issues. The method discussed in this article removes degrading factors from the images and, as a consequence, improves the geometric and interpretative quality of a photogrammetric product. The author analyzed 17 various image degradation cases, developed 34 models based on degraded and recovered images, and conducted an objective analysis of the quality of the recovered images and models. As evidenced, the result was a significant improvement in the interpretative quality of the images themselves and a better geometry model.

scholarly journals Estimation of aboveground biomass using aerial photogrammetry from unmanned aerial vehicle in teak (Tectona grandis) plantation in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
SASIWIMOL RINNAMANG ◽  
KAMPANART SIRIRUEANG ◽  
SORAVIS SUPAVETCH ◽  
PONTHEP MEUNPONG
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
P Value ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Ground Truthing

Abstract. Rinnamang S, Sirirueang K, Supavetch S, Meunpong P. 2020. Estimation of aboveground biomass using aerial photogrammetry from unmanned aerial vehicles in teak (Tectona grandis) plantation in Thailand. Biodiversitas 21: 2369-2376. Thailand is one of the best teak planting locations in the world. Teak is one of the most species planting and a significant source of high-value timber in Thailand. For plantation management, biomass is one of the important factors while determining the production of a plantation and also for sustainable forest management. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) have the ability to produce 3D RGB digital images which can be used to study the plantation characteristics. This study aimed to use aerial images and photogrammetry techniques derived from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to estimate teak biomass in Thong Pha Phum plantation, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. We conducted our study on 15-and 36-year-old teak stands, and compared the tree dimension between data obtained from field measurement and that from aerial images and photogrammetry techniques. In the 15-year-old stand, the average tree height estimated from the UAV and ground-truthing were 12.34 and 13.06 m, respectively. In the 36-year-old stand, the average tree height from the UAV and ground-truthing were 28.87 and 29.39 m, respectively. We found that in both stands, the difference between data generated from the UAV and ground-truthing data was not significant (p-value = 0.07 and 0.306, respectively). There was also a strong correspondence between tree height estimated from the UAV and that measured on the ground which is indicated by the high R2 (i.e. 0.70 and 0.64 for the 15-and 36-year-old stands, respectively). Using UAV generated data, the total biomass of 15-and 36-year-old stands was estimated to be around 42.07 t ha-1 and 67.13 t ha-1, respectively. The overall results suggest that UAV can be used as an effective tool to survey and monitor stand’s productivity in teak plantation.

scholarly journals Evaluation On Different UAV’s Georeferencing Points to Generate Accurate Orthophoto and Digital Terrain Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD HAFIZ AIZUDDIN BIN MOHD ZAIDI ◽  
Khairul Nizam Tahar
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Navigation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Ground Control Points ◽  
Waypoint Navigation ◽  
User Friendly

UAV or drone application of autonomy ranging can be divided into several levels, from basic hovering and position over trajectory tracking and waypoint navigation to fully autonomous navigation. This study used the DroneDeploy application for an autonomous flight mission. It is the process of taking photographs from an aircraft or other flying objects with a camera mounted on them to produce a three-dimensional (3D) map from the images captured, including a digital terrain model (DTM) and orthophotos. As for this study, the same output will be generated, but different flight parameter applications were used. Therefore, the study determined the optimum number of ground control points (GCPs) and evaluated the accuracy of the final results for each flight design. Acquired data were processed using the Pix4D modeller software due to the user-friendly factor and faster processing rate offered by the software. The results were analysed, and recommendations were made for future study improvement and to avoid similar problems. This study is useful for the mapping industry to achieve high accuracy results.  Keywords: Aerial photogrammetry, Flight Parameter, UAV apps, DTM, Orthophotos, GCPs

scholarly journals Control System Architecture for Automatic Recovery of Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in a Moving Arrest System

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Gryte ◽  
Martin L. Sollie ◽  
Tor Arne Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
The Right ◽  
Automatic Recovery

AbstractAutomatic recovery is an important step in enabling fully autonomous missions using fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating from ships or other moving platforms. However, automatic recovery in moving arrest systems is only briefly studied in the research literature, and is not yet an option when using low-cost, commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) autopilots. Acknowledging the reliability and low cost of COTS avionics, this paper adds recovery functionality as a modular extension based on non-intrusive additions to an autopilot with very general assumptions on its interface. This is achieved by line-of-sight guidance, which sends an augmented desired position to the autopilot, to ensure line-following along a virtual runway that guides the UAV into the arrest system. The translation and rotation of this line is determined by the pose of the arrest system, determined using two Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, where one is configured as a Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) base station. The relative position of the UAV and arrest system is also precisely estimated using RTK GNSS. Through extensive field testing, on two different fixed-wing UAVs, the system has shown its performance and reliability; 43 recovery attempts in a stationary net hit 0.01 ± 0.25m to the right and 0.07 ± 0.20m below the target in calm conditions. Further, 15 recoveries in a barge-mounted, ship-towed net hit 0.06 ± 0.53m to the right and 0.98 ± 0.27m below the target in winds up to 4 m/s. The remaining error is largely systematic, caused by communication delays, and could be reduced with more integral effect or through direct compensation.

scholarly journals 3D RECORDING AND MODELLING OF MIDDLE-AGE FORTRESS IN DENSE VEGETATION ENVIRONMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W5 ◽  
pp. 415-420
Author(s):  
M. Koehl ◽  
Y. Courtois ◽  
S. Guillemin
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Dense Vegetation ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Pass Through

The Schwartzenbourg castle is a Middle-Ages fortress which was built in 1261. It is situated above the valley of Munster in Alsace, France. It was mainly used as a fortified place and a jail. In the early 15th century, the structure has deteriorated. Even after some repairs, it fell into ruins during the Thirty Years’ war (1618-1648) and stayed uninhabited. During World War I, the German army used the place as a vantage point and also built a blockhouse inside the ruins. Nowadays, the ruins are gradually collapsing and the remains of the old walls are completely covered by thick plants.<br><br> The goal of this project was to create a 3D-model of the site before closing its access, which became too dangerous for people. This modelling is divided into two elements: on one hand, a digital terrain model (DTM) of the site in order to replace the castle and to analyze the background of its original environment; on the other hand, a 3D modelling of the ruins of the castle invaded by the vegetation. Indeed, the main difficulty of the measurement is obviously the dense vegetation which hides the castle. Held back for years outside the castle, it has now become an integral part of the ruins. This vegetation is finally today usually the first threat of heritage buildings. After a preliminary inspection of the site as well as difficulties of the project, the first step consisted of the survey of the whole environment of the site. We will therefore describe the different phases of the survey with the initial implementation of a georeferenced network on site. We will present the terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) surveys, then complementary surveys carried out by aerial photogrammetry. To be implemented, we had to wait for an advanced autumn in order to have as few leaves on trees as possible. The major step of processing of point clouds described in this paper is then the extraction of a DTM by using techniques to pass through the vegetation, or better to segment the points into different classes, one of these that would be the soil i.e. DTM, another consists into wall parts of the ruins.

Methodology in the use of UAV ( Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ) by Assetto del Territorio sector of Liguria Region.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Schenone ◽  
Bottero Daniele ◽  
Mariano Strippoli
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Maximum Resolution ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Medium Resolution ◽  
Two Sectors ◽  
Terrestrial Photogrammetry

&lt;p&gt;Title: Methodology in the use of UAV ( Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ) by Assetto del Territorio sector of Liguria Region.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Authors:&amp;#160;Davide&amp;#160;Schenone&amp;#160;, Daniele Bottero, Mariano Strippoli.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Liguria&amp;#160;Region&amp;#160;has recently equipped itself with a UAV (&amp;#160;Unmanned&amp;#160;Aerial&amp;#160;Vehicles&amp;#160;) system, consisting of a DJI&amp;#160;Phantom&amp;#160; 4 pro, the choice fell on this type of equipment as it guarantees a good quality for photographic shooting combined with an ease of use deriving from the fact of being designed for a consumer market, in fact this model mounts advanced anti-collision systems on board which make it safe to use even in closed places or near tall trees, the latter being a frequent situation in the use carried out by regional technicians.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In addition, maintenance is facilitated as spare parts (essentially batteries and propellers) can be found easily on the main online sites, given the widespread use of the model.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The use of the drone by the Assetto del Territorio consists mainly of two sectors, terrestrial photogrammetry and aerial photogrammetry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The intervention scenarios are essentially of two types, survey of existing situations, for example, delimitation of landslides that may or may not have evolved, or the survey of post-disaster situations, both hydraulic and&amp;#160;gravitational&amp;#160;, it is also possible monitor the evolution of phenomena through&amp;#160;multitemporal&amp;#160;recovery&amp;#160;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The terrestrial photogrammetry it is so far little used by the Region and regarding&amp;#160; the capture of perspective images of buildings, cliffs useful for the relief&amp;#160;geomechanical&amp;#160;to evaluate rock mass, paleoseismic trenches (for upthrow of fault) etc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As for&amp;#160;the method of data acquisition (images), and the preparation of the flight plan, the DJI GS PRO software for iOS operating systems is used, this software allows to&amp;#160;automatically&amp;#160;set&amp;#160;the flight parameters, simply by drawing on a map the polygon of the area to be surveyed and the flight height, it is also possible to adapt the orientation of the strips to the polygon of the survey.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, this software does not require the use of a&amp;#160;DTM&amp;#160;, which takes into account the elevation of the terrain, so in case of relief of slope portions inclined taken the take off from the highest point since the calculation of the frames overlap is carried out assuming&amp;#160;that&amp;#160;the ground&amp;#160;is&amp;#160;flat&amp;#160;, if it were not so taking off for example in the lower part it could happen that for purely geometric issues in the top part the overlapping of the frames&amp;#160;is&amp;#160;insufficient to arrive at a correct processing via software.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As regards the processing of immage&amp;#160;in order to produce a cloud, depending on the cases of the DTM points and l '&amp;#160;orthophotos&amp;#160;the software is normally used&amp;#160;Metashape&amp;#160;by&amp;#160;Agisoft&amp;#160;, the&amp;#160;workflow&amp;#160;typically used is this:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;Adding photos&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;Alignment of photos - maximum resolution&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;Point&amp;#160;cloud&amp;#160;creation&amp;#160;- medium resolution&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;DEM creation&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

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