scholarly journals Samhället utmanat?

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Lidskog
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Social Phenomenon

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a growing social phenomenon, both as a technical infrastructure and as a sociotechnical imaginary. While there is ample sociological research on AI’s implications for different societal sectors, there has been limited sociological discussion on AI itself. This article engages with the current debate on superintelligence – a future AI that transcends human intelligence – to show that the development of AI concerns central sociological issues, and that sociological thinking contributes to and challenges prevailing concepts of AI.

Intelligence, Artificial and Otherwise

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-258
Author(s):  
Paul Dumouchel
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Intelligence

The idea of artificial intelligence implies the existence of a form of intelligence that is “natural,” or at least not artificial. The problem is that intelligence, whether “natural” or “artificial,” is not well defined: it is hard to say what, exactly, is or constitutes intelligence. This difficulty makes it impossible to measure human intelligence against artificial intelligence on a unique scale. It does not, however, prevent us from comparing them; rather, it changes the sense and meaning of such comparisons. Comparing artificial intelligence with human intelligence could allow us to understand both forms better. This paper thus aims to compare and distinguish these two forms of intelligence, focusing on three issues: forms of embodiment, autonomy and judgment. Doing so, I argue, should enable us to have a better view of the promises and limitations of present-day artificial intelligence, along with its benefits and dangers and the place we should make for it in our culture and society.

What Makes a Hero? Theorising the Social Structuring of Heroism

Sociology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Frisk
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Structuring ◽  
The Relationship

The article discusses four dominant perspectives in the sociology of heroism: the study of great men; hero stories; heroic actions; and hero institutions. The discussion ties together heroism and fundamental sociological debates about the relationship between the individual and the social order; it elucidates the socio-psychological, cultural/ideational and socio-political structuring of heroism, which challenges the tendency to understand people, actions and events as naturally, or intrinsically, heroic; and it points to a theoretical trajectory within the literature, which has moved from very exclusive to more inclusive conceptualisations of a hero. After this discussion, the article examines three problematic areas in the sociology of heroism: the underlying masculine character of heroism; the presumed disappearance of the hero with modernisation; and the principal idea of heroism as a pro-social phenomenon. The article calls for a more self-conscious engagement with this legacy, which could stimulate dialogue across different areas of sociological research.

scholarly journals Machine Learning in Healthcare Communication

Encyclopedia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-239
Author(s):  
Sarkar Siddique ◽  
James C. L. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Computer Algorithms ◽  
Dialogue Management ◽  
Topical Review ◽  
Healthcare Communication

Machine learning (ML) is a study of computer algorithms for automation through experience. ML is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that develops computer systems, which are able to perform tasks generally having need of human intelligence. While healthcare communication is important in order to tactfully translate and disseminate information to support and educate patients and public, ML is proven applicable in healthcare with the ability for complex dialogue management and conversational flexibility. In this topical review, we will highlight how the application of ML/AI in healthcare communication is able to benefit humans. This includes chatbots for the COVID-19 health education, cancer therapy, and medical imaging.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence, Smart Contract and Islamic Finance

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Rohaya Mat Rahim ◽  
Zam Zuriyati Mohamad ◽  
Juliana Abu Bakar ◽  
Farhana Hanim Mohsin ◽  
Norhayati Md Isa
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Finance Industry ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Block Chain

This study examines the two important aspect of latest technology issues in Islamic finance that related to artificial intelligence (AI) and smart contract. AI refers to the ability of machines to understand, think, and learn in a similar way to human beings, indicating the possibility of using computers to simulate human intelligence. Smart contract is a computer code running on top of a block-chain containing a set of rules under which the parties to that smart contract agree to interact with each other. The main objectives of this article are to evaluate the operations of AI and smart contract, to make comparison between the operations of AI and smart contract. This article concludes that AI and smart contract will have a huge impact in future for Islamic Finance industry.

When artificial intelligence meets human intelligence

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (71) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Richard Bordenave
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Intelligence

scholarly journals Real World of Artificial Intelligence - A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
Madhu Dhiman ◽  
Mansi Tonk ◽  
Ramneet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Face Recognition ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Real World ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Human Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence is the combination of machine and human intelligence, which are in research trends from the last many years. Different Artificial Intelligence programs have become capable of challenging humans by providing Expert Systems, Neural Networks, Robotics, Natural Language Processing, Face Recognition and Speech Recognition. Artificial Intelligence brings a bright future for different technical inventions in various fields. This review paper shows the general concept of Artificial Intelligence and presents an impact of Artificial Intelligence in the present and future world.

scholarly journals Limits of Artificial Intelligence: a perspective from the psychobiological development

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Londoño-Valencia
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Alan Turing ◽  
John Mccarthy ◽  
Everyday Problems ◽  
Complex Algorithm ◽  
Complex Computer

For several decades the term Artificial Intelligence, coined by John McCarthy in 1956, is being used to generate complex computer solutions to everyday problems and for the development of technologies based on the conceptualization about human intelligence, allowing imitate it the more closely possible. Although there have been major advances in this field, there has not been possible to create a computer or a sufficiently complex algorithm that allow to make undifferentiated the human intelligence of the artificial intelligence, such as proposed by Alan Turing in his famous test. For this reason it is important to reflect on the reasons for not been able to reach this ambitious goal, so an analytical and compared proposal is presented in this paper about the limits of AI paired against the psychobiological characteristics and processes that support the intelligence in humans.Keywords: artificial intelligence, human intelligence, adaptation, development, biology, evolution.

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