scholarly journals Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in some Imported Fishes

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 236-246
Author(s):  
Marwa K. Abbas ◽  
Faroq M.K. Al-Habeeb ◽  
Abdulkareem T. Yesser T. Yesser
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Carcinogenic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Frozen Fish ◽  
Carcinogenic Compound

Samples of frozen fish available in Kirkuk markets Shad Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton), Mackerel Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus), Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) and striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophtholmus (Sauvage). They collected for the period 1st May 2015o 30th January 2016 at weights average between 650-1250 g. The results showed many of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic hydrocarbons compounds; Rainbow trout contained seven and nine of hydrocarbons compounds in the extracts of hexane and ethanol respectively, among them, there were five carcinogenic hydrocarbons in the ethanol extract and three in the hexane, their values ranged between 0.234-19.707 and 0.419-2.972 ng.g-1 dry weight respectively. Numbers of the hydrocarbons ranged between 4-6 in other fish species. This may due to the differences of nature of feeding among the fish species and the differences in their fat content. In Shad fish, the results have recorded one carcinogenic compound in the ethanol and five in the hexane, the concentration of Benzo (a) pyrene reached 24.23 ng.g-1 dry weight which is the most dangerous component among carcinogenic compound. Mackerel containsive compounds of hydrocarbons in the hexane; Four of them belong to the non-carcinogenic group and sixn ethanol, ive of them are non- carcinogenic. This study showed that differences in the numbers and concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons in the studied fish. This is  due to several reasons such as occurrences of fish near to the sources of hydrocarbons pollution the nature of fish feeding and living.

Contribution of commonly analyzed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to potential toxicity in early life stages of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1320-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Sundberg ◽  
Rasha Ishaq ◽  
Ulla Tjärnlund ◽  
Gun Åkerman ◽  
Kerstin Grunder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Erod Induction ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

In a series of bio-effect-directed fractionation experiments, we investigated the potential toxicity of sediment extracts from a contaminated bay. A previous study investigated abnormalities and hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activities in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae by exposing newly fertilized eggs to the total extract and to fractions separated by degree of aromaticity. A major part of the potential toxicity was isolated in a fraction containing polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). In this study, we prepared a synthetic PAC mixture with 17 commonly analyzed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in amounts equimolar to those found in the sediment PAC fraction. The 17 PAHs, which included 11 of the 16 United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) priority PAHs, were unable to account for the toxicopathic effects observed and could explain less than 4% of the total EROD induction. The lack of a clear relationship between toxicopathic effects and EROD induction underlines the need for a battery of biomarkers for estimating environmental risk. These results reveal the limits of our knowledge regarding compounds responsible for potential toxicity in field situations.

scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Muscles of Two Commercial Fish Species from Al-Kahlaa River in Missan Governorate, Iraq

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salih Hassan Jazza ◽  
Abdul-Hussain Y. Al-Adhub ◽  
Hamid T. Al-Saad
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Liza Abu ◽  
Oil Company ◽  
Total Concentrations

Al-Kahlaa River is one of main tributaries of the Tigris River in Missan city and rises from northwest side of Amara city and continues to flow in the direction to the east of city center. Two commercial fish species (Liza abu and Carassius auratus) were collected seasonally (autumn, winter, spring and summer) during period from 2012 to 2013 from Al-Kahlaa River in Missan governorate. The concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fish muscles were determined in the laboratories of Nihran Omer (South Oil Company in Basrah province), using Gas Chromatography. Total concentrations of PAHs in muscles of L. abu ranged between 2.301 and 16.661 ng.g-1 dry weight during winter and summer respectively and in C. auratus between 1.095 and  8.675 ng.g-1 dry weight during winter and summer, respectively. Results of this study revealed that high molecular weight of PAHs were more than low molecular weight in both fish species, and according to ratios of Low molecular weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (LPAHs) to High molecular weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (HPAHs), Benzo(a) Anthracene /(Benzo(a) Anthracene+ Chrysene) BaA/(BaA+Chr),Indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene /(Indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene + Benzo (ghi) perylene) InP/(InP+BghiP) and Fluoranthene/Pyrene (Fl/Py), they certainly reflected that the PAHs sources in both species are pyrogenic as a main sources  and petrogenic as a small part. Also results of this study revealed the presence of seasonal variations in total concentrations of   PAHs in both fish species. The study area was generally contaminated with hydrocarbons and continuous consumption of food from this area may pose public health hazards. Keywords: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, fish, pollution Al-Kahlaa adalah salah satu anak sungai utama Sungai Tigris di kota Missan dari sisi barat laut kota Amara dan terus mengalir ke arah ke timur dari pusat kota. Dua spesies ikan komersial (Liza abu dan Carassius auratus) diperoleh pada musim berbeda (gugur, dingin, semi dan panas) selama periode 2012-2013 dari Al-Kahlaa. Konsentrasi polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbon (PAH) pada otot ikan dianalisis di laboratorium Nihran Omer (South Oil Company di provinsi Basrah), menggunakan Gas Chromatography. Total konsentrasi PAH pada otot L. abu berkisar antara 2,301 dan 16,661 ng.g-1 berat kering pada musim dingin dan musim panas. Sedangkan pada C. auratus antara 1,095 dan 8,675 ng.g-1 berat kering pada musim dingin dan musim panas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa berat molekul tinggi PAH lebih dari berat molekul rendah pada kedua spesies ikan, dan menurut rasio berat molekul rendah polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbon (LPAHs) untuk berat molekul tinggi polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbon (HPAHs), Benzo (a ) Anthracene / (Benzo (a) Anthracene + Chrysene) BAA / (BAA + Chr), Indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene / (Indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene + Benzo (ghi) perylene) InP / (InP + BghiP) dan fluoranthen / Pyrene (Fl/Py), hal ini mencerminkan bahwa sumber PAH di kedua spesies adalah pirogenik sebagai sumber utama dan petrogenic sebagai bagian kecil. Hasil penelitian ini juga mengungkapkan adanya variasi musiman total konsentrasi PAH di kedua spesies ikan. Daerah penelitian umumnya terkontaminasi dengan hidrokarbon sehingga konsumsi makanan dari daerah ini secara berkelanjutan dapat menimbulkan bahaya kesehatan masyarakat. Kata kunci: polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbon, PAHs, ikan, polusi

Potential Contribution of Nutrients and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from the Creeks of Cootes Paradise Marsh

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Chow-Fraser ◽  
Barb Crosbie ◽  
Douglas Bryant ◽  
Brian McCarry
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Engine Combustion ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Derivatives Of

Abstract During the summer of 1994, we compared the physical and nutrient characteristics of the three main tributaries of Cootes Paradise: Spencer, Chedoke and Borer’s creeks. On all sampling occasions, concentrations of CHL α and nutrients were always lowest in Borer’s Creek and highest in Chedoke Creek. There were generally 10-fold higher CHL α concentrations and 2 to 10 times higher levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in Chedoke Creek compared with Spencer Creek. Despite this, the light environment did not differ significantly between Spencer and Chedoke creeks because the low algal biomass in Spencer Creek was balanced by a relatively high loading of inorganic sediments from the watershed. Laboratory experiments indicated that sediments from Chedoke Creek released up to 10 µg/g of soluble phosphorus per gram (dry weight) of sediment, compared with only 2 µg/g from Spencer Creek. By contrast, sediment samples from Spencer Creek contained levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that were as high as or higher than those from Chedoke Creek, and much higher than those found in Borer’s Creek. The distribution of normalized PAH concentrations suggests a common source of PAHs in all three tributaries, most likely automobile exhaust, since there were high concentrations of fluoranthene and pyrene, both of which are derivatives of engine combustion.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Sediments of the Brisbane River (Australia) – Preliminary Results

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Kayal ◽  
D. W. Connell
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Petroleum Refineries

Results of the analysis of twenty-three composite sediment samples revealed that PAHs are widely distributed in the Brisbane River estuary. Mean concentrations for individual compounds, on a dry weight basis, ranged from 0.03 µg/g for dibenz [ah] anthracene to 2.34 µg/g for fluoranthene. Observed PAH assemblages were rich in compounds having pyrolytic origins. However, the presence of petroleum derived compounds was indicative of the importance of petroleum as a PAH source in the estuary. Petroleum refineries, a coal loading terminal and a major treated sewage outfall located at the mouth were not indicated as major contributing sources of PAH pollution in the estuary.

Use of the Rainbow Trout Hepatoma Cell Line, RTH-149, in a Cytotoxicity Assay

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Harvey Babich ◽  
Nieves Martin-Alguacil ◽  
Ellen Borenfreund
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Hepatoma Cell ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assay ◽  
Hepatoma Cell Line ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Direct Acting

The rainbow trout hepatoma cell line, RTH-149, was evaluated for use as a bioindicator cell type in the neutral red cytotoxicity assay. The cells were exposed for six days to various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including chemicals that are direct-acting toxicants and chemicals that require enzymatic biotransformation to cytotoxic metabolites. Whereas benzo[a]pyrene was only slightly cytotoxic, its metabolites — (±)trans-7,8-diol-benzo[a]pyrene and 3-hydroxy-benzo[a]pyrene — were highly cytotoxic. 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene was cytotoxic, but cytotoxicity did not occur with benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene and benzo[k]fluoranthene. This cell line appears to lack sufficient xenobiotic metabolising capacity to biotransform many of these polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to activated cytotoxic metabolites.

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