scholarly journals Extended Spectrem Beta Lactamases among Multi Drug Resistant Gram Negetive Bacilli Causing Urinry Tract Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Ganga Sagar Bhattarai ◽  
Dipendra , Shrestha ◽  
Bishnu Raj Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
The Status ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Esbl Producers

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBL), the main cause of resistance to broad spectrum β-lactams, among uropathogenic bacteria have increased over time raising a global concern in the therapeutic management of infections caused by these organisms. The study was carried out in Janamaitri Hospital, Kathmandu between December 2012 to May 2013 with an objective to determine the status of ESBL producing Gram negative bacilli isolated from the urine sample, collected from patients suspected of urinary tract infection. Gram negative bacilli isolated were tested for the presence of ESBL by combined disk and antibiotic susceptibility by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method following Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines. Among the total 1105 mid-stream urine samples, 256 Gram negative bacilli were isolated. By screening test using third generation cephalosporins, 156 isolates were screened as ESBL producers and 91 isolates were positive for ESBL test by combined disk method. Among the 91 (35.55%) ESBL producers, 70 (39.32%) Escherichia coli, 16 (44.44%) Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 5 (33.33%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found to be ESBL producers. Majority of ESBL producer showed resistance to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, norfloxacin followed by ofloxacin. imipenem, amikacin and nitrofurantoin seemed to be the agent of choice for urinary tract infections when ESBL producers are susceptible to it. ESBL production found in these Gram negative bacilli with resultant microbial resistance to available cephalosporins and other agents may pose difficulties with the choice of therapeutic options for the treatment of severe infections. Keywords: UTI, Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases, Gram negative bacilli

scholarly journals Quinolone resistance in different uropathogens isolated from urine cultures in patients with urinary tract infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Angel Almeida Villegas ◽  
Iris Mellolzy Estrada Carrillo ◽  
Rodolfo Garcia Contreras ◽  
Silvia Patricia Peña
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractObjectiveTo identify patterns of resistance against quinolones in various uropathogens in urinary tract infections in the population of the Toluca valley, MexicoIntroductionQuinolones are antibiotics with a spectrum of activity for both gram-positives and gram-negatives and are antibiotics used for the empirical treatment of urinary tract infections. Recently, a high index of resistance to quinolones has been reported due to different mechanisms on the part of bacteria, however the one that has taken the greatest importance is the presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamasesMethods155 samples were collected from patients with suspected urinary tract infection without exclusion criteria such as age or gender. Automated equipment was used for the identification of the etiological agent and sensitivity tests to quinolones.ResultsThe results positives were divided to evaluate which of the two antibiotics studied had greater resistance. For ciprofloxacin there are 27 resistant strains 37%, 1 strain with intermediate resistance 1% and 45 susceptible strains 62%. For levofloxacin 26 strains are resistant 36%, 41 strains are sensitive 56% and 6 strains show intermediate sensitivity 8%.ConclusionDifferent microorganisms, both gram-positive and gram-negative, were isolated and it can be observed that gram-negative strains are the ones with the greatest resistance against quinolones, mainly Escherichia coli, which produces extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, in the case of gram-positive resistance patterns are variable with a tendency towards sensitivity.

scholarly journals Cedecea lapagei An Extremely Rare Uropathogen: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdikarim Hussein Mohamed ◽  
Hussein Ali Mohamud
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background: Gram-negative enterobacteria are the most common cause of urinary tract infections. Cedecea is a new separate genus in the family enterobacteriaceae, and it is a very rare pathogen that was primarily found in the respiratory tract. Cedecea lapagei is a very rare pathogen of urinary tract infections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report in the world reported in English literature. Case presentation: A 55 years old man with chronic renal failure, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, and hypertension presented with acute exacerbations of renal failure and irritative voiding symptoms. After stabilization and empirical antibiotic therapy with Ceftriaxone, the patient’s condition was not improved and deteriorated progressively. After the request of urine culture, the culture was isolated, an extremely rare uropathogen recently recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); the Cedecea lapagei. Cedecea lapagei identification had been done using Eosin methylene blue agar (EMB). Gram-negative lipase positive bacteria with bacillus in shape, motile in nature that is non-spore-forming, and non-encapsulated enterobacteria with the final result of >100,000 colony-forming units per ml of Cedecea lapagei were isolated. Mueller-Hinton agar had been used to perform antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance. The pathogen was extensively resistant to the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases antibiotics and extended-spectrum beta-lactam inhibitors while carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole showed a higher sensitivity rate. Conclusion: The treatment of Cedecea lapagei infections represents a challenging issue due to its multi-drug resistant and extensive drug resistance patterns to a variety of antimicrobial classes, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, cephalosporins, and beta-lactam inhibitors. Antimicrobial treatment should be aligned with the culture findings once available.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Gram-negative Isolates of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakshya Nepal ◽  
Basudha Shrestha ◽  
Deepak Man Joshi ◽  
Rajesh Dhoj Joshi ◽  
Sanjit Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases

Background:  Lower respiratory tract infection is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A crosssectional study was carried out with an objective to study the antibiogram of Gram-negative isolates of patients with lower respiratory tract infection visiting Kathmandu Model Hospital.Methods: A total of 274 specimens including sputum, endotracheal aspirates, suction tips were cultured as per standard microbiological technique. Antibiotic susceptibility and detection of Extended-spectrum beta- lactamases (ESBLs) were performed following Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI 2014) guidelines.Results: Respiratory pathogens were recovered from 24.6% (n=65) cases. Klebsiella pneumoniae (40%) was the commonest isolates. The highest prevalence of multidrug-resistance (69.23%) was observed in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus baumannii complex. Extended-spectrum beta- lactamases were detected in Escherichia coli (n=4), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=4) and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus baumannii complex (n=1).Conclusions: High prevalence of multidrug-resistance and extended- spectrum beta- lactamase producers were observed in respiratory isolates. For effective management of lower respiratory tract infections, an ultimate and detailed microbiological diagnosis and susceptibility testing is required.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Extended Spectrum b-Lactamases (ESBLs) Producers Among Gram-Negative Bacilli in Urinary Tract Infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Hena Md Saiful Karim Chowdhury ◽  
Md Anwar Husain ◽  
Nasima Akter ◽  
Md Abdul Mazed ◽  
Shakeel Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Klebsiella Spp ◽  
Esbl Producers

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is now proclaimed as the most important challenge worldwide being faced by humanity in its fight against infectious diseases. Extended Spectrum b-Lactamases (ESBLs) producing organisms are increasing in number and causing more severe infections because of their continuous mutation and multidrug resistance property which make its treatment difficult.Aims: The present study was undertaken to detect the prevalence of the ESBLs producing bacteria in urinary tract infection.Methods: Isolated gram-negative bacteria initially screened by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) ESBLs breakpoints. Then suspected ESBLs producers were confirmed by phenotypic confirmatory test.Results: 71 (59.17%) bacterial strains were isolated from 120 urine samples of patients of suspected urinary tract infection of which 66(92.96%) were gram-negative and 05(07.04%) were gram-positive. Among the isolated gram-negative bacteria 63(95.45%) were found suspected ESBLs producers of which 35(55.56%) were found as confirmed ESBL producers. The prevalence of ESBLs producing organisms in the present study were found to be 53.03% and Klebsiella spp. as most prevalent ESBLs producers.Conclusion: It is essential to report ESBL production along with routine sensitivity reporting, which will help the clinician in prescribing the proper antibiotics.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (2); Jul 2015; Page 17-20

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