scholarly journals Compositional analysis and characterization of lignocellulosic biomass from selected agricultural wastes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Adewale Elijah Fadeyi ◽  
Saheed Olatunbosun Akiode ◽  
Stella A Emmanuel ◽  
Olajide Ebenezer Falayi
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Oh Groups

Agricultural wastes have been identified as a potential lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. An accurate biomass characterization is needed to evaluate the new potential lignocelluloses biosource for biofuel production. This study evaluates the compositional analysis and characterization of three agricultural wastes (melon husk, moringa pod and mango endocarp). The samples were collected locally in Sheda Village, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria. The lignocellulose biomass composition of the samples was determined by using a proven economically viable gravimetric method and the samples were further characterized using the FTIR. The results showed that a significant amount of hemicelluloses content was found, from 19.38% to 27.74% and the highest amount was present in melon musk. The amount of cellulose ranging from 22.49% to 45.84% was found where the highest amount was found in mango endocarp. Lignin content was in the range of 22.62% to 29.87% and melon husk was shown to have the highest amount. The FTIR spectroscopic analysis showed a broad band at 3422.99 cm-1, 3422.66 cm-1, 3422.85 cm-1 (for mango endocarp, melon husk and moringa pod respectively) representing bonded –OH groups. The peak around 1637 cm-1 corresponds to C=C stretching of conjugated carboxylic acids. The aliphatic chains, -CH2- and –CH3, which form the basic structure of cellulose material, were seen at 1205.72, 1204.50 and 1206.24 cm-1. The signals at 1056.15, 1035.80 and 1055.86 cm-1 correspond to C-O-R (alcohols or esters) vibration. The results show that the samples contain significant quantity of lignocellulosic biomass. Thus, the agricultural wastes could be of valuable use in biofuel production.

scholarly journals Patatin-Related Phospholipase AtpPLAIIIα Affects Lignification of Xylem in Arabidopsis and Hybrid Poplars

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Hoon Jang ◽  
Ok Ran Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Amide Bonds ◽  
Hybrid Poplars ◽  
Plant Lipids ◽  
Lipid Acyl Hydrolase ◽  
Specific Regulation

Lipid acyl hydrolase are a diverse group of enzymes that hydrolyze the ester or amide bonds of fatty acid in plant lipids. Patatin-related phospholipase AIIIs (pPLAIIIs) are one of major lipid acyl hydrolases that are less closely related to potato tuber patatins and are plant-specific. Recently, overexpression of ginseng-derived PgpPLAIIIβ was reported to be involved in the reduced level of lignin content in Arabidopsis and the mature xylem layer of poplar. The presence of lignin-polysaccharides renders cell walls recalcitrant for pulping and biofuel production. The tissue-specific regulation of lignin biosynthesis, without altering all xylem in plants, can be utilized usefully by keeping mechanical strength and resistance to various environmental stimuli. To identify another pPLAIII homolog from Arabidopsis, constitutively overexpressed AtpPLAIIIα was characterized for xylem lignification in two well-studied model plants, Arabidopsis and poplar. The characterization of gene function in annual and perennial plants with respect to lignin biosynthesis revealed the functional redundancy of less lignification via downregulation of lignin biosynthesis-related genes.

scholarly journals Characterization of Nizimuddinia zanardini macroalgae biomass composition and its potential for biofuel production

2015 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parviz Yazdani ◽  
Akram Zamani ◽  
Keikhosro Karimi ◽  
Mohammad J. Taherzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Biomass Composition

Role of Compositional Analysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Efficient Biofuel Production

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Srivastava ◽  
Kajal Mishra ◽  
Manish Srivastava ◽  
Kumar Rohit Srivastava ◽  
Vijai Kumar Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Biofuel Production

scholarly journals A facile spectroscopic method for measuring lignin content in lignocellulosic biomass

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fachuang Lu ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Mingjie Chen ◽  
Fengxia Yue ◽  
John Ralph
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Efficient Utilization

Although measuring lignin contents is a routine operation for biomass compositional analysis in process development aiming at efficient utilization of woody biomass, it is still a challenging task requiring many...

scholarly journals Fermentative Conversion of Two-Step Pre-Treated Lignocellulosic Biomass to Hydrogen

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Kucharska ◽  
Hubert Cieśliński ◽  
Piotr Rybarczyk ◽  
Edyta Słupek ◽  
Rafał Łukajtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Dark Fermentation ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Fermentative Hydrogen Production ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Fermentative Hydrogen

Fermentative hydrogen production via dark fermentation with the application of lignocellulosic biomass requires a multistep pre-treatment procedure, due to the complexed structure of the raw material. Hence, the comparison of the hydrogen productivity potential of different lignocellulosic materials (LCMs) in relation to the lignocellulosic biomass composition is often considered as an interesting field of research. In this study, several types of biomass, representing woods, cereals and grass were processed by means of mechanical pre-treatment and alkaline and enzymatic hydrolysis. Hydrolysates were used in fermentative hydrogen production via dark fermentation process with Enterobacter aerogenes (model organism). The differences in the hydrogen productivity regarding different materials hydrolysates were analyzed using chemometric methods with respect to a wide dataset collected throughout this study. Hydrogen formation, as expected, was positively correlated with glucose concentration and total reducing sugars amount (YTRS) in enzymatic hydrolysates of LCMs, and negatively correlated with concentrations of enzymatic inhibitors i.e., HMF, furfural and total phenolic compounds in alkaline-hydrolysates LCMs, respectively. Interestingly, high hydrogen productivity was positively correlated with lignin content in raw LCMs and smaller mass loss of LCM after pre-treatment step. Besides results of chemometric analysis, the presented data analysis seems to confirm that the structure and chemical composition of lignin and hemicellulose present in the lignocellulosic material is more important to design the process of its bioconversion than the proportion between the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content in this material. For analyzed LCMs we found remarkable higher potential of hydrogen production via bioconversion process of woods i.e., beech (24.01 mL H2/g biomass), energetic poplar (23.41 mL H2/g biomass) or energetic willow (25.44 mL H2/g biomass) than for cereals i.e., triticale (17.82 mL H2/g biomass) and corn (14.37 mL H2/g biomass) or for meadow grass (7.22 mL H2/g biomass).

scholarly journals Biohydrolysis of Banana and Plantain Peels for the Production of Biofuel

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
F. I. Jumare ◽  
A. M. Magashi ◽  
A. B. Rabah ◽  
A. M. Sokoto ◽  
M. U. Hizbullahi
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Microbiological Method ◽  
Strong Broad Band ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Reducing Sugar Concentration

This study was carried out to assess the potentials of banana and plantain peel as feedstock for biofuel production. Fungi were isolated from spoiled banana, burkutu and spoiled bread using the standard microbiological method. The concentration of reducing sugar of the peels were measured using DNS calorimetry method and biofuel were measured using chromium (VI) reagent by Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer. Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Mucor racemusus were isolated. A reducing sugar concentration of 59.12 mg/g and 56.62 mg/g was observed for the banana and plantain peels. The highest concentration was found to be 0.35 mg/L for banana peels and 0.10 mg/L for plantain. The IR characterization of the banana and plantain sample revealed an intense strong broad band of alcohol O-H and alkane C-H stretching. The GC-MS result revealed the presence of benzaldehyde in all the biomass while 2,3-butanediol was only detected in the plantain peels biomass. This study showed the potential of banana and plantain peels biomass for biofuel production.

scholarly journals CRISPR-Knockout of CSE Gene Improves Saccharification Efficiency by Reducing Lignin Content in Hybrid Poplar

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9750
Author(s):  
Hyun-A Jang ◽  
Eun-Kyung Bae ◽  
Min-Ha Kim ◽  
Su-Jin Park ◽  
Na-Young Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Guide Rnas ◽  
Hybrid Poplars ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Saccharification Efficiency

Caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE) has been shown to play an important role in lignin biosynthesis in plants and is, therefore, a promising target for generating improved lignocellulosic biomass crops for sustainable biofuel production. Populus spp. has two CSE genes (CSE1 and CSE2) and, thus, the hybrid poplar (Populus alba × P. glandulosa) investigated in this study has four CSE genes. Here, we present transgenic hybrid poplars with knockouts of each CSE gene achieved by CRISPR/Cas9. To knockout the CSE genes of the hybrid poplar, we designed three single guide RNAs (sg1–sg3), and produced three different transgenic poplars with either CSE1 (CSE1-sg2), CSE2 (CSE2-sg3), or both genes (CSE1/2-sg1) mutated. CSE1-sg2 and CSE2-sg3 poplars showed up to 29.1% reduction in lignin deposition with irregularly shaped xylem vessels. However, CSE1-sg2 and CSE2-sg3 poplars were morphologically indistinguishable from WT and showed no significant differences in growth in a long-term living modified organism (LMO) field-test covering four seasons. Gene expression analysis revealed that many lignin biosynthetic genes were downregulated in CSE1-sg2 and CSE2-sg3 poplars. Indeed, the CSE1-sg2 and CSE2-sg3 poplars had up to 25% higher saccharification efficiency than the WT control. Our results demonstrate that precise editing of CSE by CRISPR/Cas9 technology can improve lignocellulosic biomass without a growth penalty.

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