Perception of Dental Undergraduates and Interns towards E-Learning in Gaining Clinical Skills: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Objective: To evaluate the level of acceptance of e-learning among dental interns and undergraduates of Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry (AFID).Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi from March 2018 to September 2018.Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted in 174 participants including dental interns and undergraduates. A fourteen-item questionnaire was designed and piloted. Data was tabulated and analyzed statistically using SPSS version 24.0. Categorical variables were presented as percentages. Post-stratification Fisher’s exact test and chi-square test were applied. p<0.05 was taken as significant.Results: Among clinical skills learning tools, more than half (54.6%) of the participants considered hospital attachments as most effective. E-learning was considered a supportive tool for ward test preparation. Three quarters (75.3%) stated that e-learning has improved teaching standards and enhanced student-teacher interaction. There was significant association between level of education and messenger apps (p=.027), gender with accuracy in technique (p=.027) and with supervised discussion session regarding e-videos (p=.038).Conclusion: E-learning is beneficial for ward test preparation as it develops interest in clinical attachment and helps in learning general physical examination of patients.

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Knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and practices of community pharmacists about generic medicine in Nigeria

Journal of Generic Medicines The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector ◽

10.1177/1741134320962843 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 174113432096284

Author(s):

Kanayo P Osemene ◽

Maduabuchi R Ihekoronye ◽

Adebayo Lamikanra

Keyword(s):

Community Pharmacists ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Generic Medicine ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Generic Medicines ◽

Continuous Training ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Southwestern Nigeria ◽

Cross Sectional

Background Although generic medicines are used extensively in Nigeria information from community pharmacists about these drugs are scanty and therefore inadequate. This is why this study has been designed to bridge the knowledge gap, attitudes, as well as the perception and practice of community pharmacists about generic medicines in Nigeria. Method A questionnaire-guided cross-sectional survey was used to collect data from 380 community pharmacists who were randomly selected from community pharmacies between April and June 2019 in Southwestern Nigeria. Data generated in the course of this study was analysed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 18. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data. Chi-square was used to test proportions and to determine associations between categorical variables. Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient was used to determine correlation between dependent variables. Result Mean knowledge score of community pharmacists about generic medicines(GM) was 5.6 ± 2.9 out of a total maximum score of 10. Results showed that 47.9% of respondents had poor knowledge, 27.6% average knowledge and 24.5% good knowledge about GM. Knowledge was significantly associated (p = .000) with all demographic characteristics except professional qualifications. A majority (89%) of the respondents were of the view that patients need more explanations when GMs are dispensed to them. In addition, 90.3% of the respondents were of the opinion that GM will improve access to medicine because they are cheaper and easily affordable. About 93% practice generic substitution without consulting prescribing physicians. Furthermore, 85% of the respondents claim they stock mainly GMs. Conclusion Community pharmacists in Nigeria had a positive attitude, perception and practice about GM, but exhibited sub-optimal knowledge in understanding issues concerning generic medicines. It is concluded that there is the need for continuous training and education to enhance professional knowledge of pharmacists in the area of GM substitution.

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FREQUENCY OF REFRACTIVE ERROR AND AMBLYOPIA IN STRABISMUS IN PEDIATRIC AGE GROUP

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v71i2.3109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 405-08

Author(s):

Noureen Malik ◽

Hannan Masud ◽

Imran Basit ◽

Palwasha Noor

Keyword(s):

Refractive Error ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Sample Population ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pediatric Age Group ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Distance Fixation

Objective: To see the frequency and compare the type of refractive error and strabismus in amblyopic versus non amblyopic children. Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, from Jan to Jul 2019. Methodology: The sample population comprised of 250 patients of new or previously diagnosed children with refractive error and strabismus presenting at children eye outdoor patient department of armed forces institute of ophthalmology. Strabismus was diagnosed by the consultant eye specialist on the basis of heterotropia at near or distance fixation. Amblyopia and refracttive error was assessed by a trained optometrist. Patients were classified into amblyopia and non- amblyopia groups. The type of squint and refractive error was noted down along with demographic details. Chi square test was used to assess thesignificance of association between various categorical variables. Results: A total of 250 participants were included with a mean age of 5.00 ± 1.07 years. Out of total, 132 (52.8%) were males while 118 (47.2%) were females. One hundred and fifty (59.5%) patients were suffering from amblyopia while 100 (39.5%) patients were normal with comparable vision in both the eyes. Out of 150 amblyopic patients 134 (89.3%) were suffering from unilateral amblyopia while 16 (10.6%) patients had amblyopia in both the eyes. Out of refractive errors astigmatism was present in 83 (55.3 %) of amblyopia patients while hypermetropia was present in 54 (36%) of the patients. Out of total patients of strabismus, 95 (63.3%) of non-alternating esotropic patients..........

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Factors related to academic success among paramedic students

Australasian Journal of Paramedicine ◽

10.33151/ajp.16.694 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Simpiwe Sobuwa ◽

Bill Lord

Keyword(s):

Academic Success ◽

Emergency Care ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Black African ◽

Exact Test ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Descriptive Survey

BackgroundSouth Africa is one of the few countries to produce emergency care graduates in Africa. However, a large number of these graduates are emigrating from Africa. Although academic success has been studied in various contexts in Africa, none have looked into the Bachelor of Emergency Medical Care (BEMC). Maximising academic success in the BEMC might ensure a sustainable skilled workforce in an area which has a shortage of skilled personnel.AimsThis study aimed to describe the socio-demographic variables of current South African BEMC students. We also aimed to describe whether any associations exist between socio-demographic variables, various racial groupings and repeating a year during the course of study.MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among students enrolled for the BEMC in 2016. Continuous and categorical variables were analysed using descriptive statistics. The Fisher’s exact test and Pearson chi-square test were used to test associations between the survey variables and repeating a year.ResultsA total of 176 participants responded to the survey. Having a pre-existing emergency care qualification was associated with not repeating a year on the BEMC (p=0.02). The statistical difference between race and not repeating a year in the BEMC was not significant (p=0.07). However, when the black-African and minority cohort are grouped together, it is significant (p=0.05).ConclusionA number of socio-demographics were described in this study. Students with pre-existing emergency care qualifications were least likely to repeat a year.

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Medical Emergencies in Dental Practice - A Nepalese study

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v5i2.15223 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 33-37

Author(s):

Sandhya Joshi ◽

Sudeep Acharya

Keyword(s):

Clinical Skills ◽

Vasovagal Syncope ◽

Emergency Situation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Dental Practice ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Medical Emergencies

Introduction: Medical emergencies can occur in dental practice anytime. Changing demographics in the population and increased life expectancy have resulted in more people having medical conditions which predispose to a medical emergency.Objective: To find the prevalence of medical emergencies in dental practice in Nepal, to assess the preparedness of dentists to manage emergency situation, to find out the ways to improve their preparedness, and to determine the factors affecting the occurrence of medical emergency.Materials & Method: A cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaire was done among one hundred and twenty four participants present at the 16th Annual Dental Conference. The questionnaire consisted of 15 questions. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and cross tabulation was performed to evaluate categorical variables at a significant level of p< 0.05.Result: The percentage of respondents who reported at least one emergency situation was 37.1%. Majority of the events occurred during oral surgical treatment. According to the survey, the most frequently encountered emergency condition was vasovagal syncope followed by hypoglycemia and seizures. The emergency events were managed by the respondents through various modalities. The dental graduates despite BLS training were found to feel incompetent to manage emergency events.Conclusion: Medical emergencies in dental practice in Nepal are frequent and not as rare as anticipated. Thus periodic training should be provided to improve necessary clinical skills.

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Perception, knowledge, and attitudes towards molar incisor hypomineralization among Spanish dentists: a cross-sectional study

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-020-01249-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Clara Serna-Muñoz ◽

Yolanda Martínez-Beneyto ◽

Amparo Pérez-Silva ◽

Andrea Poza-Pascual ◽

Francisco Javier Ibáñez-López ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Pollutants ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Dental Practitioners ◽

Molar Incisor Hypomineralization ◽

Chi Square Test

Abstract Background Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a growing health problem, and its treatment is a challenge. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the perceptions, knowledge, and clinical experiences of MIH in general dental practitioners (GDPs) and paediatric dentists (PDs) in Spain. Methods All dentists belonging to the College of Dentists of the Region of Murcia, in the South-East of Spain, were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey. They were asked to complete a two-part questionnaire including sociodemographic profiles and knowledge, experience, and perceptions of MIH. Data were analysed using Pearson’s chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test and Cramer’s V test. Results The overall response rate was 18.6% (214/1147). Most respondents were aged 31–40 years (44.86%), with more than 15 years of professional experience (39.72%). They worked mainly in the private sector (84.58%) and were licensed in dentistry (74.30%): 95.45% of PDs had detected an increase in the incidence of MIH in recent years (p < 0.001). Only 23.80% of GDPs claimed to have made a training course on MIH. With respect to the aetiology, chronic medical conditions (p = 0.029) and environmental pollutants (p = 0.008) were the only factors that showed significant between-group differences. Durability (p = 0.009) and remineralization potential (p = 0.018) were the factors where there was a between-group difference in the choice of the restoration material. In the case of post-eruptive fractures and opacities, the preferred material for both groups was resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGIC). However, in incisor lesions, composite was the material of choice for both groups, with significant differences (p = 0.032) in the use of glass ionomer. Most respondents expressed a need for continuing education on MIH. Conclusion Spanish dentists perceived an increase in the incidence of MIH. The material of choice was RMGIC for non-aesthetic sectors and composite for incisors. Dentists believe it is difficult or very difficult to manage MIH, since the long-term success of restorations of MIH lesions is compromised because resin adhesion is not good. Both GDPs and PDs believe they need more training on the aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment of MIH.

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Obstetrics and Gynecology resident perception of virtual fellowship interviews

10.21203/rs.3.rs-427063/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jia Jennifer Ding ◽

Phinnara Has ◽

B. Star Hampton ◽

Dayna Burrell

Keyword(s):

Cost Savings ◽

Survey Study ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Interview Process ◽

Rank List ◽

Travel Restrictions ◽

Virtual Process

Abstract Background: Travel restrictions amidst the COVID-19 pandemic reshaped interviewing for fellowships into a predominantly virtual process. How this impacts Obstetrics & Gynecology (OB/GYN) resident approaches to fellowship application and Match navigation is largely unknown.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional survey study of fourth year OB/GYN residents who participated in at least one virtual fellowship interview in 2020. We collected information regarding demographics, application strategy, perceived strengths and weaknesses of virtual interviews, and confidence with rank list creation. Descriptive statistics were used for categorical variables and responses pre- and post- match were compared using Fisher’s exact test. Results: 75 out of an estimated 490 applicants (~15% response rate) completed the survey. 65.3% felt they interviewed at more programs virtually than they would anticipate completing in person, but perceived less confidence in having the necessary information (n=45, 60%) or understanding the culture of programs (n=59, 78.7%) to create a rank list. Cost savings were the main benefit of virtual interviews (n=50, 66.7%), and inability to get a true “feel” for a program was the biggest limitation (n=43, 57.3%). A majority (46.7%) advocate for a future hybrid interview process. Conclusions: OB/GYN residents pursuing fellowship reported interviewing at more programs during the virtual season, but had less confidence with rank list creation. Cost savings benefits are weighed against difficulty getting a “feel” for programs virtually. Most would advocate for a future hybrid interview process.

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Awareness and Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccines among Pharmacy Students in Zambia: The Implications for Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy

10.21203/rs.3.rs-651501/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Steward Mudenda ◽

Moses Mukosha ◽

Johanna Catharina Meyer ◽

Joseph Fadare ◽

Brian Godman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Tests ◽

Pharmacy Students ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Exact Test ◽

Health Authorities ◽

Chi Square Test

Abstract Background: Several vaccines have been developed and administered since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic in March 2020. In April 2021, the authorities in Zambia administered the first doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca® COVID-19 vaccine. However, little is known about the awareness and acceptability of the vaccines among the Zambian population. This study was undertaken to address this starting with undergraduate pharmacy students in Zambia. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 326 undergraduate pharmacy students in Zambia using an online semi-structured questionnaire from 12th to 25th April 2021 and analysed using Stata version 16. Test of associations were undertaken using Pearson chi-square test or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. The multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the determinants of awareness and acceptability. All statistical tests were performed at a 5% significance level and 95% confidence level. Results: Among 326 participants, 98.8% were aware of the COVID-19 vaccination programme but only 24.5% would accept the vaccine should it be made available to them. Awareness of the COVID-19 vaccine was influenced by religious beliefs (aOR=0.01, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.20, p=0.004). Being male (aOR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.05 to 3.02, p=0.034) and single (aOR=2.61, 95% CI: 1.04 to 6.55, p=0.041) was associated with higher odds of accepting the vaccine. Being unemployed (aOR=0.31, 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.66, p=0.002) was associated with lower odds of vaccine acceptancy. Barriers to acceptance of the vaccine were possible side effects (78.5%) and scepticism about its effectiveness to prevent COVID-19 (10.2%). Conclusion: There was significant vaccine hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccines among Zambian pharmacy students despite their awareness about the vaccines. Health authorities must work collaboratively with the Universities and other institutions to mitigate vaccine hesitancy, especially with pharmacy students a key part of the future healthcare workforce overseeing disease prevention strategies. These findings can help guide future interventions to address vaccine hesitancy to reduce future transmission rates of this virus.

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Perception, Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Molar Incisor Hypomineralization Among Spanish Dentists: A Cross-sectional Study.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28433/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Clara Serna-Muñoz ◽

Yolanda Martinez-Beneyto ◽

Amparo Pérez-Silva ◽

Andrea Poza-Pascual ◽

Francisco Javier Ibáñez-López ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Pollutants ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Dental Practitioners ◽

Molar Incisor Hypomineralization ◽

Pediatric Dentists

Abstract Background: Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a growing problem, and its treatment is a challenge. The purpose was to evaluate and compare the perceptions, knowledge and clinical experiences of MIH between general dental practitioners (GDPs) and pediatric dentists (PDs) in Spain. Methods: All dentists belonging to the College of Dentists of the Region of Murcia, in the South-East of Spain, were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey. They were asked to complete a 2-section questionnaire including socio-demographic profiles and knowledge, experience, and perceptions of MIH. Data were analyzed using the Pearson chi-square test, Fisher´s exact test and Cramer´s V test.Results: The overall response rate was 18.6% (214/1147). Most respondents were aged 31-40 years (44.86%), with more than 15 years of professional experience (39.72%). They worked mainly in the private sector (84.58%) and were licensed in Dentistry (74.30%): 95.45% of pediatric dentists had detected an increase in the incidence of MIH in recent years (p<0.001). Only 23.80% of GDPs claimed to have had some training course in MIH. With respect to the etiology, chronic medical conditions (p<0.05) and environmental pollutants (p<0.001) were the only factors that showed significant between-group differences. Durability (p<0.01) and remineralization potential (p<0.05) were the factors where there was a between-group difference when choosing the material for restoration. In the case of post-eruptive fractures and opacities the preferred material for both groups was resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGIC). However, in incisor lesions, composite was the material of choice for both groups, with significant differences (p<0.05) in the use of glass ionomer. Most respondents expressed a need for continuing education on MIH. Conclusion: Spanish dentists perceived an increase in the incidence of MIH. The material of choice is RMGIC for non-aesthetic sectors and composite for incisors. Both GDPs and PDs believe they need more training on the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of MIH.

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Knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 among Nepalese residents during the COVID-19 outbreak: An online cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-31044/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sachina Paudel ◽

Prabin Shrestha ◽

Isha Karmacharya ◽

Om Krishna Pathak

Keyword(s):

Health Workers ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Education And Awareness

Abstract Background. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of COVID-19 among Nepalese population, as containment of the disease is only possible with the change in behaviours as preventive measures. Methodology. A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted for a period of two month among Nepalese residents aged ≥ 18 years using a previously validated tool. Unrestricted self-selected, convenient sampling method was adopted to generate a heterogeneous sample. Data were analysed in SPSS version 22 using chi-square/Fisher-exact test, independent t-test, multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression. Results. Out of 766 participants, 78.3% were aged 20–39 years and 58.2% were residents of province 3. One-third of the respondents were students followed by health workers. The rates for correct answer for COVID-19 knowledge questionnaire ranged from 30–99% with health workers and participants with bachelor’s degree having significantly better knowledge. Of the total participants, 71.5% agreed that COVID-19 will be effectively controlled and 80% were assured that Nepal could win the fight against COVID-19. The majority of the participants had not visited any crowded place (93.1%) which was significantly associated with age, marital status, gender, education, occupation, province of residence, and knowledge score of COVID-19 and 92.4% participants wore masks while going out which significantly differed across gender. Conclusion. There is a need to provide education and awareness about COVID-19 to Nepalese people focusing on the areas of knowledge gap so that Nepal can have victory against COVID-19.

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The Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitude Regarding COVID-19 among Trinidad and Tobago Dentists. A Cross-Sectional Survey

Oral ◽

10.3390/oral1030024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 250-260

Author(s):

Trudee Hoyte ◽

Anne Kowlessar ◽

Adilah Mahabir ◽

Kamilia Khemkaran ◽

Priya Jagroo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trinidad And Tobago ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Dental Health ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Care Providers ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Preventative Measures

The COVID-19 virus is highly infectious, and it places both patients and dental health care providers at high risk for contracting the disease. Therefore, it is crucial for dental teams to practice preventative measures against COVID-19 by wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), handwashing, ensuring adequate ventilation and sticking to strict protocols when conducting aerosol-generating procedures. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using an online platform was conducted to assess dentists’ knowledge, attitude and awareness of COVID-19 in Trinidad and Tobago. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher exact test were performed. Results: One hundred and ninety-two dentists participated in the survey. The age group, 30–39, comprised 40.6% of the respondents. General dentists comprised 80.7% of the sample. The majority of the respondents evaluated their awareness of COVID-19 as above average. There was no difference in knowledge between dentists and specialists regarding routes of transmission and preventative techniques. More female dentists reported feeling anxious and fearful. Conclusions: There was a high level of agreement between different professionals about the preventative measures, routes of transmission and incubation period. There was a lot of variation in knowledge about the survivability of the virus on innate objects. More education campaigns, seminars, and rehabilitation services targeting dentists in Trinidad and Tobago are required.

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