A simple method to assess wheat yield loss by Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in the fields

Field studies were established in 1999 and 2000 to evaluate Italian ryegrass, wheat, and double-crop soybean response to fall and spring postemergence applications of flucarbazone, sulfosulfuron, clodinafop, diclofop, and tralkoxydim applied alone and in combination with thifensulfuron + tribenuron to winter wheat. Fall-applied herbicides caused 5% or less wheat injury. Spring-applied herbicides caused 3 to 45% wheat injury, and the greatest injury occurred with the combination of flucarbazone with thifensulfuron + tribenuron in the spring of 2001. Spring-applied sulfosulfuron, tralkoxydim, diclofop, and clodinafop caused 3 to 6% and 16 to 26% wheat injury in 2000 and 2001, respectively. Herbicide injury to wheat did not reduce wheat grain yield compared with the hand-weeded treatment. Italian ryegrass competition in the nontreated plots reduced wheat yield by as much as 33% compared with herbicide-treated plots. Italian ryegrass control was 89 to 99% from clodinafop and diclofop and 78 to 97% from flucarbazone, with no differences because of application timing in either year of the study. Italian ryegrass control from sulfosulfuron and tralkoxydim was greater from the spring of 2000 applications (94 to 99%) compared with the fall of 1999 applications (65 to 88%). However, in 2001, application timing (fall vs. spring) for sulfosulfuron and tralkoxydim did not affect Italian ryegrass control. Thifensulfuron + tribenuron combined with tralkoxydim reduced control of Italian ryegrass control compared with tralkoxydim alone in both years of the study. Italian ryegrass control was not reduced when thifensulfuron + tribenuron was combined with sulfosulfuron, flucarbazone, diclofop, or clodinafop. Italian ryegrass was controlled effectively by the acetyl-CoA carboxylase–inhibiting herbicides diclofop, clodinafop, and tralkoxydim. However, control of Italian ryegrass with the acetolactate synthase–inhibiting herbicides flucarbazone and sulfosulfuron was inconsistent. Double-crop soybean after wheat did not have foliar symptoms or yield loss from fall- or spring-applied herbicides.

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Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum) Management Options in Winter Wheat in Oklahoma

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-06-038.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 151-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Chad S. Trusler ◽

Thomas F. Peeper ◽

Amanda E. Stone

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Plant Density ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Management Options ◽

Spike Density ◽

Herbicide Treatments

An experiment was conducted at three sites in central Oklahoma to compare the efficacy of Italian ryegrass management options in no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) winter wheat. The Italian ryegrass management options included selected herbicide treatments, wheat-for-hay, and a rotation consisting of double-crop soybean seeded immediately after wheat harvest, followed by early season soybean, and then by wheat. In continuous wheat, before application of glyphosate or tillage, Italian ryegrass plant densities in mid-September were 12,300 to 15,000 plants/m2in NT plots vs. 0 to 500 plants/m2in CT plots. When applied POST, diclofop controlled more Italian ryegrass than tralkoxydim or sulfosulfuron. In continuous wheat, yields were greater in CT plots than in NT plots at two of three sites. None of the Italian ryegrass management options consistently reduced Italian ryegrass density in the following wheat crop. Of the Italian ryegrass control strategies applied to continuous wheat, three herbicide treatments in NT at Chickasha and all treatments in NT at Perry reduced Italian ryegrass density in the following wheat crop. Italian ryegrass plant density in November and spike density were highly related to wheat yield at two and three sites, respectively. No management options were more profitable than rotation to soybean.

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Diclofop-Resistant Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Control in Imidazolinone-Tolerant Wheat

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-04-199r ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 437-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jason A. Bond ◽

Daniel O. Stephenson ◽

Jeffrey W. Barnes ◽

Mohammad T. Bararpour ◽

Lawrence R. Oliver

Keyword(s):

Production System ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Field Research ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Cold Temperatures ◽

Wheat Production

Field research was conducted in Arkansas for 3 yr to evaluate imazamox for control of diclofop-resistant Italian ryegrass in imidazolinone-tolerant wheat. Italian ryegrass was controlled at least 89% 49 d after wheat emergence (DAE) in year 2 and 3 by imazamox at 36 g ai/ha applied to one- to two-leaf wheat (POST1), by imazamox at 54 g ai/ha applied sequentially at POST1 followed by (fb) application to three- to four-leaf wheat (POST2), by pendimethalin at 1120 g ai/ha preemergence (PRE) fb imazamox at 36 or 54 g/ha POST1, and by chlorsulfuron plus metsulfuron at 22 plus 4 g ai/ha PRE. Italian ryegrass was controlled at least 95% 150 DAE with all applications in year 1 because of extremely cold temperatures and snowfall in December and January. Only sequential imazamox applications or pendimethalin PRE fb imazamox POST1 equaled the commercial standard, chlorsulfuron plus metsulfuron, for control of Italian ryegrass 150 DAE in years 2 and 3. These treatments controlled Italian ryegrass greater than 80% 150 DAE. Sequential postemergence applications of imazamox or programs containing pendimethalin PRE fb imazamox POST1 are necessary to optimize Italian ryegrass control and wheat yield in an imidazolinone-tolerant wheat production system.

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Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cultivar Tolerance and Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Control with Diclofop, BAY SMY 1500, and Metribuzin

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00033844 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 776-781 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

David R. Shaw ◽

M. Todd Wesley

Keyword(s):

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Application Timing ◽

Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽

Early Injury ◽

Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽

Tolerance Study ◽

Silty Clay Soil

In the field, 14 soft red winter wheat cultivars responded differently to 1.1 kg ai ha–1diclofop, 1.7 kg ai ha–1BAY SMY 1500, and 0.42 kg ai ha–1metribuzin applied POST. Diclofop and metribuzin did not injure any cultivar more than 10% on a silty clay soil. However, BAY SMY 1500 injured ‘Pioneer 2551’ and ‘Coker 983’ 39 and 21%, respectively, in March. All other cultivars were injured less than 10% by BAY SMY 1500. Early injury did not translate into yield loss in the cultivar tolerance study. In an application timing study for Italian ryegrass control, late-season ratings indicated better control with two-leaf applications than with PRE applications for all treatments. Delaying application to the three-tiller stage reduced control with BAY SMY 1500 or metribuzin, but not with diclofop. On the sandier soil at this location, wheat injury with 0.28 or 0.43 kg ha–1metribuzin or 2.2 kg ha–1BAY SMY 1500 was sufficient to reduce wheat yield compared with other treatments, despite good Italian ryegrass control.

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Wheat Yield Loss in Response to Italian Ryegrass in Diverse Environments

jpa ◽

10.2134/jpa1999.0229 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 229-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Martin J. Stone ◽

Harry T. Cralle ◽

James M. Chandler ◽

Travis D. Miller ◽

Rodney W. Bovey

Keyword(s):

Yield Loss ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Italian Ryegrass

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Net Returns from Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Control in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00038847 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 317-323 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Greg G. Justice ◽

Thomas F. Peeper ◽

John B. Solie ◽

Francis M. Epplin

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Net Returns ◽

Better Than

In field experiments at three locations, wheat row spacing, seeding rate, and herbicide treatment affected Italian ryegrass control, wheat yield, dockage in the grain, and net returns. Diclofop at 560 or 840 g ai/ha controlled Italian ryegrass better than chlorsulfuron at 18 or 26 g ai/ha. Net returns were increased at all locations by diclofop POST at either rate and at two locations by chlorsulfuron PRE at either rate. Although increasing the wheat seeding rate reduced dockage at two of three locations, net returns were maximized by herbicide application alone without increased seeding rates or reduced row spacing.

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Inhibitory effects of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) seedlings of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Allelopathy Journal ◽

10.26651/allelo.j./2018-44-2-1165 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 219-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S.J Jang ◽

K.R. Kim ◽

Y.B. Yun ◽

S.S. Kim ◽

Y.I Kuk

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Inhibitory Effects

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Effects of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) shoots and roots on inhibition of weed growth

Research on Crops ◽

10.31830/2348-7542.2019.064 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Weed Growth

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Quantitative trait loci analysis of nitrate-nitrogen content in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/s10681-020-02737-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 217 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wenqing Tan ◽

Di Zhang ◽

Nana Yuyama ◽

Jun Chen ◽

Shinichi Sugita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Trait Loci ◽

Nitrogen Content ◽

Quantitative Trait ◽

Nitrate Nitrogen ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Trait Loci

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Protection of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) seedlings from salinity stress following seed priming with L-methionine and casein hydrolysate

Seed Science Research ◽

10.1017/s0960258520000409 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Keum-Ah Lee ◽

Youngnam Kim ◽

Hossein Alizadeh ◽

David W.M. Leung

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Amino Acids ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Casein Hydrolysate ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Protein Amino Acids

Abstract Seed priming with water (hydropriming or HP) has been shown to be beneficial for seed germination and plant growth. However, there is little information on the effects of seed priming with amino acids and casein hydrolysate (CH) compared with HP, particularly in relation to early post-germinative seedling growth under salinity stress. In this study, Italian ryegrass seeds (Lolium multiflorum L.) were primed with 1 mM of each of the 20 protein amino acids and CH (200 mg l−1) before they were germinated in 0, 60 and 90 mM NaCl in Petri dishes for 4 d in darkness. Germination percentage (GP), radicle length (RL) and peroxidase (POD) activity in the root of 4-d-old Italian ryegrass seedlings were investigated. Generally, when the seeds were germinated in 0, 60 and 90 mM NaCl, there was no significant difference in GP of seeds among various priming treatments, except that a higher GP was observed in seeds of HP treatment compared with the non-primed seeds when incubated in 60 mM NaCl. When incubated in 60 and 90 mM NaCl, seedlings from seeds primed with L-methionine or CH exhibited greater RL (greater protection against salinity stress) and higher root POD activity than those from non-primed and hydro-primed seeds. Under salinity stress, there were higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the root of 4-d-old Italian ryegrass seedlings, a marker of oxidative stress, but seed priming with CH was effective in reducing the salinity-triggered increase in MDA content. These results suggest that priming with L-methionine or CH would be better than HP for the protection of seedling root growth under salinity stress and might be associated with enhanced antioxidative defence against salinity-induced oxidative stress.

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