Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum) Management Options in Winter Wheat in Oklahoma

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad S. Trusler ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper ◽  
Amanda E. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

An experiment was conducted at three sites in central Oklahoma to compare the efficacy of Italian ryegrass management options in no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) winter wheat. The Italian ryegrass management options included selected herbicide treatments, wheat-for-hay, and a rotation consisting of double-crop soybean seeded immediately after wheat harvest, followed by early season soybean, and then by wheat. In continuous wheat, before application of glyphosate or tillage, Italian ryegrass plant densities in mid-September were 12,300 to 15,000 plants/m2in NT plots vs. 0 to 500 plants/m2in CT plots. When applied POST, diclofop controlled more Italian ryegrass than tralkoxydim or sulfosulfuron. In continuous wheat, yields were greater in CT plots than in NT plots at two of three sites. None of the Italian ryegrass management options consistently reduced Italian ryegrass density in the following wheat crop. Of the Italian ryegrass control strategies applied to continuous wheat, three herbicide treatments in NT at Chickasha and all treatments in NT at Perry reduced Italian ryegrass density in the following wheat crop. Italian ryegrass plant density in November and spike density were highly related to wheat yield at two and three sites, respectively. No management options were more profitable than rotation to soybean.

Control of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in Winter Wheat

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Hoskins ◽  
Bryan G. Young ◽  
Ronald F. Krausz ◽  
John S. Russin
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Foliar Symptoms

Field studies were established in 1999 and 2000 to evaluate Italian ryegrass, wheat, and double-crop soybean response to fall and spring postemergence applications of flucarbazone, sulfosulfuron, clodinafop, diclofop, and tralkoxydim applied alone and in combination with thifensulfuron + tribenuron to winter wheat. Fall-applied herbicides caused 5% or less wheat injury. Spring-applied herbicides caused 3 to 45% wheat injury, and the greatest injury occurred with the combination of flucarbazone with thifensulfuron + tribenuron in the spring of 2001. Spring-applied sulfosulfuron, tralkoxydim, diclofop, and clodinafop caused 3 to 6% and 16 to 26% wheat injury in 2000 and 2001, respectively. Herbicide injury to wheat did not reduce wheat grain yield compared with the hand-weeded treatment. Italian ryegrass competition in the nontreated plots reduced wheat yield by as much as 33% compared with herbicide-treated plots. Italian ryegrass control was 89 to 99% from clodinafop and diclofop and 78 to 97% from flucarbazone, with no differences because of application timing in either year of the study. Italian ryegrass control from sulfosulfuron and tralkoxydim was greater from the spring of 2000 applications (94 to 99%) compared with the fall of 1999 applications (65 to 88%). However, in 2001, application timing (fall vs. spring) for sulfosulfuron and tralkoxydim did not affect Italian ryegrass control. Thifensulfuron + tribenuron combined with tralkoxydim reduced control of Italian ryegrass control compared with tralkoxydim alone in both years of the study. Italian ryegrass control was not reduced when thifensulfuron + tribenuron was combined with sulfosulfuron, flucarbazone, diclofop, or clodinafop. Italian ryegrass was controlled effectively by the acetyl-CoA carboxylase–inhibiting herbicides diclofop, clodinafop, and tralkoxydim. However, control of Italian ryegrass with the acetolactate synthase–inhibiting herbicides flucarbazone and sulfosulfuron was inconsistent. Double-crop soybean after wheat did not have foliar symptoms or yield loss from fall- or spring-applied herbicides.

scholarly journals Comparison of Herbicides for Control of Diclofop-Resistant Italian Ryegrass in Wheat

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taghi Bararpour ◽  
Ralph Hale ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Jason Bond ◽  
Nilda Burgos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Perenne L

Diclofop-resistant Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. ssp. Multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot) is a dominant weed problem in non-irrigated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in mid-south USA. Field studies were conducted from 2001 to 2007 to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides for diclofop-resistant ryegrass control and effect on wheat yield. In 2001 through 2004, chlorsulfuron/metsulfuron at 0.026 kg ha−1 preemergence (PRE) followed by (fb) mesosulfuron at 0.048 kg ha−1 at 4-leaf to 2-tiller ryegrass provided 89% control of diclofop-resistant Italian ryegrass, resulting in the highest wheat yield (3201 kg ha−1). Flufenacet/metribuzin at 0.476 kg ha−1 applied at 1- to 2-leaf wheat had equivalent Italian ryegrass control (87%), but lesser yield (3013 kg ha−1). In 2005–2006, best treatments for Italian ryegrass control were chlorsulfuron/metsulfuron, 0.013 kg ha−1 PRE fb mesosulfuron 0.015 kg ha−1 at 3- to 4-leaf ryegrass (92%); metribuzin, 0.280 kg ha−1 at 2- to 3- leaf wheat fb metribuzin at 2- to 3-tiller ryegrass (94%); chlorsulfuron/metsulfuron (0.026 kg ha−1) (89%); and flufenacet/metribuzin at 1- to 2-leaf wheat (89%). Chlorsulfuron/metsulfuron fb mesosulfuron provided higher yield (3515 kg ha−1) than all other treatments, except metribuzin fb metribuzin.

scholarly journals Development of a pest threshold decision support system for minimising damage to winter wheat from wheat bulb fly, Delia coarctata

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J Leybourne ◽  
Kate E Storer ◽  
Pete Berry ◽  
Steve Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Support System ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
The Uk

Graphical AbstractIn this article we describe two predictive models that can be used for the integrated management of wheat bulb fly. Our first model is a pest level prediction model and our second model predicts the number of shoots a winter wheat crop will achieve by the terminal spikelet developmental stage. We revise and update current wheat bulb fly damage thresholds and combine this with our two models to devise a tolerance-based decision support system that can be used to minimise the risk of crop damage by wheat bulb fly. SummaryWheat bulb fly, Delia coarctata, is an important pest of winter wheat in the UK, causing significant damage of up to 4 t ha-1. Accepted population thresholds for D. coarctata are 250 eggs m-2 for crops sown up to the end of October and 100 eggs m-2 for crops sown from November. Fields with populations of D. coarctata that exceed the thresholds are at higher risk of experiencing economically damaging pest infestations. In the UK, recent withdrawal of insecticides means that only a seed treatment is available for chemical control of D. coarctata, however this is only effective for late-sown crops (November onwards) and accurate estimations of annual population levels are required to ensure a seed treatment is applied if needed. As a result of the lack of post-drilling control strategies, the management of D. coarctata is becoming increasingly reliant on non-chemical methods of control. Control strategies that are effective in managing similar stem-boring pests of wheat include sowing earlier and using higher seed rates to produce crops with more shoots and greater tolerance to shoot damage.In this study we develop two predictive models that can be used for integrated D. coarctata management. The first is an updated pest level prediction model that predicts D. coarctata populations from meteorological parameters with a predictive accuracy of 70%, which represents a significant improvement on the previous D. coarctata population prediction model. Our second model predicts the maximum number of shoots for a winter wheat crop that would be expected at the terminal spikelet development stage. This shoot number model uses information about the thermal time from plant emergence to terminal spikelet, leaf phyllochron length, plant population, and sowing date to predict the degree of tolerance a crop will have against D. coarctata. The shoot number model was calibrated against data collected from five field experiments and tested against data from four experiments. Model testing demonstrated that the shoot number model has a predictive accuracy of 70%. A decision support system using these two models for the sustainable management of D. coarcata risk is described.

Evaluation of Registered Herbicides for Cheat (Bromus secalinus) Control in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Koscelny ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Bromus Secalinus ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Early Fall

Seven field experiments were conducted in Oklahoma to compare efficacy and wheat response to currently registered cheat suppression or control herbicide treatments. Chlorsulfuron + metsulfuron premix (5:1 w/w) at 26 g ai/ha applied PRE controlled cheat 20 to 61%, increased wheat grain yields at two of seven locations, and decreased dockage due to cheat at five of seven locations. Chlorsulfuron + metsulfuron at 21 g/ha tank-mixed with metribuzin at 210 g/ha, applied early fall POST, controlled cheat 36 to 98% and increased wheat yield at four of seven locations. Metribuzin applied POST in the fall at 420 g/ha controlled cheat 56 to 98% and increased wheat yields at five of seven locations. Both POST treatments decreased dockage at all locations.

Effect of Wheat Herbicide Carryover on Double-Crop Cotton and Soybean

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy L. Grey ◽  
L. Bo Braxton ◽  
John S. Richburg
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Strip Tillage

In the southeastern United States many farmers double-crop winter wheat with soybean or cotton. However, there is little information about residual injury of herbicides used in wheat to these rotational crops. Experiments were conducted from 2007 to 2008 and 2008 to 2009 in soft red winter wheat to evaluate response of rotational crops of soybean and cotton after application of various acetolactate synthase herbicides in wheat. Pyroxsulam, mesosulfuron, sulfosulfuron, propoxycarbazone, or chlorsulfuron plus metsulfuron at multiple rates were applied to wheat approximately 110 to 120 d before planting rotational crops. Soils were Tift loamy sand at Ty Ty, GA and Faceville sandy loam at Plains, GA. After wheat harvest, soybean (‘Pioneer 97M50’) and cotton (‘DP 0949 B2RF’) were strip-tillage planted and evaluated for injury, stand density, height over time, and yields. For both locations, wheat was tolerant to all herbicide treatments with little to no visible injury 7 to 90 d after application. Pyroxsulam injury was less than sulfosulfuron or mesosulfuron. At recommended use rates, wheat injury was transient with no effect on yield. Double-crop soybean for both locations had no differences in stand establishment for any herbicide treatments. There was significant carryover injury to soybean and cotton for sulfosulfuron applied to wheat for the Faceville sandy loam. There was no effect of herbicide treatment on cotton stand. There was little to no difference in residual activity on rotational crops between pyroxsulam and other wheat herbicides when labeled rates were applied. This is significant as pyroxsulam is used to control Italian ryegrass and wild radish in this region.

WINTER WHEAT CROP FORMATION, DEPENDING ON THE FERTILIZER SYSTEM WHILE MINIMIZING BASIC TILLAGE

10.12737/3823 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Шаронова ◽  
Natalya Sharonova ◽  
Яппаров ◽  
Akhtam Yapparov ◽  
Ильясов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Fertilizer System

The article presents data of field research of fertilizers systems and tillage on heavy leached chernozem at planting winter wheat in the Republic of Tatarstan. The paper shows the positive effects of organomineral fertilizer system on crop growth and quality of winter wheat, compared with mineral fertilizer system. The improvement of water and soil nutrient status was revealed. The layered and chisel tillage systems were the most effective methods. The study showed, that the use of organomineral fertilizer system had a stronger positive impact on the yield and quality of winter wheat, compared with mineral fertilizer system. The most winter wheat yield was obtained by applying the organomineral fertilizer system at layered plowing - 4.49 tons per hectare (the increase relative to the control is 0.64 tons per hectare). The best indicators of water and food regime of leached chernozem also marked at using organomineral fertilizer system, especially in layered tillage .

Cereal cover crops for weed suppression in a summer fallow-wheat cropping sequence

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
E. G. Smith ◽  
S. M. McGinn
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Summer Fallow

Cropping systems in western Canada that include summer fallow can leave the soil exposed to erosion and require frequent weed control treatments. Cover crops have been used for soil conservation and to suppress weed growth. Experiments were conducted under rain-fed conditions at Lethbridge, Alberta to determine the effect of short-term fall rye (Secale cereale L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and annual rye cover crops in the fallow year on weed growth and subsequent wheat yield. Under favorable weather conditions fall rye was as effective as post-harvest plus early spring tillage or herbicides in spring weed control. Winter wheat and fall rye residues, after growth was terminated in June, reduced weed biomass in September by 50% compared to no cover crop in 1993 but had little effect on weeds in 1995. Fall-seeded cover crops reduced the density of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wiggers) and Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] but increased the density of downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.), and thyme-leaved spurge (Euphorbia serpyllifolia Pers.) in the following fall or spring. Wheat yields after fall rye and no cover crop were similar but yields after spring-seeded annual rye were less than after no cover crop. Spring-seeded annual rye did not adequately compete with weeds. Cover crops, unlike the no cover crop treatment, always left sufficient plant residue to protect the soil from erosion until the following wheat crop was seeded. Key words: Allelopathies, fall rye, nitrogen, soil conservation, soil moisture, weed control, spring rye, winter wheat

Winter Wheat Yield Reduction from Interference by Italian Ryegrass 1

1976 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Appleby ◽  
P. D. Olson ◽  
D. R. Colbert
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield
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