Increasing the durability of the coupling "crankshaft neck – bearing liner" by applying nanocomposite additives to the engine oils of marine medium-speed diesel engines

Author(s):  
Л.Б. Леонтьев ◽  
Н.П. Шапкин ◽  
А.Л. Леонтьев ◽  
В.Н. Макаров ◽  
А.В. Арон

Повышение долговечности трибосопряжений судовых дизелей, определяющих их ресурс, представляет собой актуальнейшую проблему, обусловленную как безопасностью мореплавания, так и экономическими факторами. Основной причиной отказов коленчатых валов двигателей, определяющих необходимость капитального ремонта, является износ шеек. Решение проблемы повышения износостойкости и, соответственно, долговечности связано с применением трибоактивных присадок в смазку. Несмотря на глубокие и обстоятельные исследования в области применения органо-неорганических материалов для использования в качестве присадок в моторное масло для повышения долговечности трибоузлов осуществить выбор оптимального материала для конкретных условий практически невозможно, так как исследования выполнены для различных условий эксплуатации и по различным методикам. Цель работы – разработка триботехнической присадки к моторным маслам, обеспечивающей повышение надежности и эффективности технической эксплуатации судовыхсреднеоборотных дизелей путем формирования тонкопленочного металлокерамического покрытия на поверхностях трения стальных деталей трибоузлов, позволяющего получить оптимальный комплекс параметров материала износостойкого покрытия. В работе представлены исследования эксплуатационных свойств присадок в моторное масло 17 органо-неорганических триботехнических материалов 4 групп — природные и искусственные полимеры, из которых были изготовлены свыше 20 композиций и композитов. Установлено, что наиболее перспективным является использование нанокомпозитов на основе вермикулита, модифицированного кислотой, в качестве присадок в моторное масло, так как они обладают минимальными коэффициентом трения при граничной смазке (0,007–0,014) а также высокой износостойкостью стали 40Х и обеспечивают минимальную величину скорости изнашивания вкладыша подшипника, благодаря чему повышается ресурс трибосопряжения более, чем в 3 раза, и соответственно снижаются эксплуатационные расходы. Increasing the durability of the tribo-couplings of marine diesel engines, which determine their resource, is an urgent problem due to both the safety of navigation and economic factors. The main reason for engine crankshafts failures, which determine the need for major repairs, is the wear of the necks. The solution to the problem of increasing wear resistance and, accordingly, durability is associated with the use of triboactive additives in the lubricant. Despite in-depth and thorough research in the field of application of organo-inorganic materials for use as additives in engine oil to increase the durability of tribo-nodes, it is almost impossible to choose the optimal material for specific conditions, since the studies were carried out for various operating conditions and according to various methods. The purpose of the work is to develop a tribotechnical additive to motor oils that provides an increase in the reliability and efficiency of technical operation of medium-speed marine diesel engines by forming a thin-film metal-ceramic coating on the friction surfaces of steel parts of tribo-nodes, which allows to obtain an optimal set of parameters of the wear-resistant coating material. The paper presents studies of the operational properties of additives in engine oil of 17 organo-inorganic tribotechnical materials of 4 groups — natural and artificial polymers, from which more than 20 compositions and composites were made. It has been established that the most promising is the use of nanocomposites based on vermiculite modified with acid as additives in engine oil, since they have a minimum coefficient of friction with boundary lubrication (0.007-0.014) as well as high wear resistance of 40X steel and provide a minimum wear rate of the bearing liner, thereby increasing the tribo-tension life by more than 3 times, and, accordingly, operating costs are reduced.

Author(s):  

Представлен обзор авторских исследований повышения долговечности плунжерных пар топливных насосов высокого давления (ТНВД) судовых дизелей и влияния их износа на эксплуатационные показатели двигателей, выполненных с 1990 по 2020 г., Уточнены факторы, влияющие на ресурсные показатели плунжерных пар ТНВД судовых мало- и среднеоборотных двигателей. Определены методы и возможности оценки износных показателей топливной аппаратуры. Приведен сравнительный анализ ресурсных возможностей плунжерных пар, восстановленных различными методами, и новых пар, изготовленных ведущими дизелестроительными фирмами, а также анализ влияния износов плунжерных пар топливных насосов высокого давления на эксплуатационные показатели судовых дизелей. Показано, что по мере изнашивания плунжерных пар ТНВД судовых средне- и малооборотных дизелей уменьшается цикловая подача топлива вследствие его протечек, при этом возрастает температура отходящих газов, что часто приводит к аварийным ситуациям. Для повышения эффективности эксплуатации и надежности дизелей нами разработана перспективная технология упрочнения, позволяющая увеличить износостойкость плунжерных пар ТНВД. Впервые показано, что плунжерные пары ТНВД, восстановленные нанесением износостойких хромовых покрытий, успешно конкурируют с серийными (плунжерами без покрытия), а в случае нанесения композиционных покрытий (хром-металлокерамика) – обеспечивают значительно большую износостойкость. Динамическая гидроплотность пар и соответственно цикловая подача топлива плунжерных пар с износостойким покрытием плунжера остается практически неизменной в течение более длительного времени (период стабильной динамической гидроплотности в среднем в 2–3 раза дольше, чем для пар без покрытия). Ключевые слова: дизель, плунжерная пара, износ, отказ, цикловая подача топлива, температура отходящих газов, хром-металлокерамическое покрытие An overview of the author's studies focused on increasing the durability of plunger pairs of highpressure fuel pumps of marine diesel engines and the effect of their wear on engine performance is presented, made from 1990 to 2020. The factors affecting the resource indicators of the plunger pairs of high-pressure fuel pumps of marine low- and medium-speed engines have been clarified. Methods and possibilities for assessing wear indicators of fuel equipment are determined. A comparative analysis of the resource capabilities of plunger pairs, restored by various methods, and new pairs, manufactured by leading diesel-building companies, as well as an analysis of the effect of wear of plunger pairs of high-pressure fuel pumps on the performance of marine diesel engines is presented. It is shown that as the plunger pairs of high-pressure fuel pumps of marine medium- and low-speed diesel engines wear out, the cycle fuel supply decreases due to its leaks, while the temperature of the exhaust gases rises, which often leads to emergency situations. To increase the efficiency of operation and reliability of diesel engines, we have developed a promising hardening technology, which makes it possible to increase the wear resistance of the injection pump plunger pairs. It has been shown for the first time that high-pressure fuel pump plunger pairs, restored by applying wearresistant chromium coatings, successfully compete with serial (uncoated plungers), and in the case of applying composite coatings (chromium + cermet), they provide significantly higher wear resistance. The dynamic hydraulic density of the steam and, accordingly, the cyclic fuel supply of plunger pairs with a wear-resistant plunger coating remains practically unchanged for a longer time (the period of stable dynamic hydraulic density is on average 2–3 times longer than for uncoated steam). The conditions of operation of precision parts of the fuel equipment of marine low and medium speed engines are described. The factors influencing the service life of the plunger pairs are given. Methods and possibilities for assessing the wear indicators of fuel equipment are determined. Keywords: diesel, plunger pair, wear, failure, cyclic fuel supply, exhaust gas temperature, cover


2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
A. P. Perekrestov ◽  
V. A. Chanchikov ◽  
I. N. Guzhvenko

2013 ◽  
Vol 588 ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Polanowski ◽  
Rafał Pawletko ◽  
Kazimierz Witkowski

Analysis of the indicator diagram is the basis of technical state evaluation of marine diesel engines. The indicator diagram contains a large amount of diagnostic information. A major problem for the diagnostic use of the indicator diagram is the pressure sensor location. Indicator channel and valve may introduce significant distortions in the resulting pressure. The paper presents results of research conducted on the medium speed laboratory engine Al 25/30. Pressure measurement (indication) was made by the sensor placed directly in the cylinder (instead of starting air valve), before the indicator valve (with special Kistler adapter) and on the indicator valve. Distortion of heat release characteristics for the sensor placed on the indicator valve is important, but it is estimated that diagnostic information is not erased. For medium speed engines is to be expected the use of a portable pressure sensors placed on the indicator valve. For this reason, further research is needed to assess the impact of channels and valves on different cylinders. During the research the course of heat release rate q and the heat released Q were determined. The curve of heat release rate q is a full equivalent to fuel injection pressure curve in the fuel pipes. It allows identification of the failure of the injection system. The curve of Q allows such determination and assessment of internal efficiency of the cylinder.


2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Kotkowiak ◽  
Adam Piasecki ◽  
Michał Kulka

Abstract 100CrMnSi6-4 bearing steel has been widely used for many applications, e.g. rolling bearings which work in difficult operating conditions. Therefore, this steel has to be characterized by special properties such as high wear resistance and high hardness. In this study laser-boriding was applied to improve these properties. Laser alloying was conducted as the two step process with two different types of alloying material: amorphous boron only and amorphous boron with addition of calcium fluoride CaF2. At first, the surface was coated with paste including alloying material. Second step of the process consisted in laser re-melting. The surface of sample, coated with the paste, was irradiated by the laser beam. In this study, TRUMPF TLF 2600 Turbo CO2 laser was used. The microstructure, microhardness and wear resistance of both laser-borided layer and laser-borided layer with the addition of calcium fluoride were investigated. The layer, alloyed with boron and CaF2, was characterized by higher wear resistance than the layer after laser boriding only.


Author(s):  
Hyoung-Keun Park ◽  
Sang-Hak Ghal ◽  
Tae-Hyung Park ◽  
Yong-Hee Ahn ◽  
Sung-Hyeok Kim

Straight vegetable oil (SVO) fuels such as palm oil, animal fat oil and waste vegetable oil were tested as fuels in a single-cylinder diesel engine to evaluate applicability to medium-speed diesel engines. Fuel-related properties of the SVO were assessed and compared with conventional marine diesel fuel oil (MDO). The total acid number (TAN) of the SVO fuels changed during a short interval in a drying oven which heated the SVO fuels to 170 degrees Celsius for several weeks. The SVO have not gone rancid any further after reaching limit. And the TAN of the SVO fuels was not related to corrosion of the parts. The SVO fuels needed to be heated to an appropriate temperature to use as fuel of the engine since the SVO fuels are more viscous than conventional diesel fuels. Both the injection period and the injection pressure increased due to low heating values of the SVO fuels. By the same token, fuel oil consumption increased over 10%. The overall exhaust emissions were lower with the SVO fuels, but NOx emission was as much as MDO at the higher loads.


1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunori Hirose ◽  
Toshio Kunoki ◽  
Kohji Kawashima ◽  
Sakunobu Kanai ◽  
Kyoshiro Hirami

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