Inspection of ethical issues in multicenter clinical trails in China: a survey of current status

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1182-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin HUANG ◽  
Hou-jia LIU ◽  
Jin-hong HU
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Clinical Trails

scholarly journals Current Status of Canine Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Veterinary Medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Sultana ◽  
Soojung Lee ◽  
Hun-Young Yoon ◽  
Jeong Ik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Status

Stem cell therapy has prompted the expansion of veterinary medicine both experimentally and clinically, with the potential to contribute to contemporary treatment strategies for various diseases and conditions for which limited or no therapeutic options are presently available. Although the application of various types of stem cells, such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs), and umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs), has promising potential to improve the health of different species, it is crucial that the benefits and drawbacks are completely evaluated before use. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a rich source of stem cells; nonetheless, isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from UCB presents technical challenges. Although MSCs have been isolated from UCB of diverse species such as human, equine, sheep, goat, and canine, there are inherent limitations of using UCB from these species for the expansion of MSCs. In this review, we investigated canine UCB (cUCB) and compared it with UCB from other species by reviewing recent articles published from February 2003 to June 2017 to gain an understanding of the limitations of cUCB in the acquisition of MSCs and to determine other suitable sources for the isolation of MSCs from canine. Our review indicates that cUCB is not an ideal source of MSCs because of insufficient volume and ethical issues. However, canine reproductive organs discarded during neutering may help broaden our understanding of effective isolation of MSCs. We recommend exploring canine reproductive and adipose tissue rather than UCB to fulfill the current need in veterinary medicine for the well-designed and ethically approved source of MSCs.

scholarly journals El diagnóstico prenatal genético no invasivo en el contexto de una mentalidad eugenésica

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fermin J. González-Melado ◽  
Maria Luisa Di Pietro
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fetal Diagnosis ◽  
Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Maternal Peripheral Blood ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Diagnosi Prenatale ◽  
Social Mind ◽  
The Relationship

L’uso di tecniche di analisi degli acidi nucleici fetali presenti nel sangue periferico materno nella diagnosi genetica è una realtà nella pratica clinica. Nei prossimi anni, diventerà parte del monitoraggio fetale. Questo studio analizza lo stato attuale delle conoscenze scientifiche in materia, nonché le principali questioni etiche derivanti dal rapporto tra la diagnosi prenatale non invasiva e l’aborto eugenetico, nel contesto di una mentalità sociale apertamente eugenetica. ---------- The use of techniques of fetal nucleic acids analysis present in maternal peripheral blood for noninvasive prenatal genetic diagnosis is a reality in the clinical practice of diagnosing certain diseases. In the coming years, it will become part of the routine monitoring for fetal diagnosis. This study analyzes the current status of these techniques as well as the major ethical issues arising from the relationship between noninvasive prenatal diagnosis and eugenic abortion in the context of a social mind openly eugenic.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in the Regeneration of Spinal Cord Injuries by Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Csobonyeiova ◽  
Stefan Polak ◽  
Radoslav Zamborsky ◽  
Lubos Danisovic
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

Regeneration of injuries occurring in the central nervous system, particularly spinal cord injuries (SCIs), is extremely difficult. The complex pathological events following a SCI often restrict regeneration of nervous tissue at the injury site and frequently lead to irreversible loss of motor and sensory function. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs) possess neuroregenerative and neuroprotective features, and transplantation of such cells into the site of damaged tissue is a promising stem cell-based therapy for SCI. However, NSC/NPCs have mostly been induced from embryonic stem cells or fetal tissue, leading to ethical concerns. The pioneering work of Yamanaka and colleagues gave rise to the technology to induce pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells, overcoming these ethical issues. The advent of iPSCs technology has meant significant progress in the therapy of neurodegenerative disease and nerve tissue damage. A number of published studies have described the successful differentiation of NSCs/NPCs from iPSCs and their subsequent engraftment into SCI animal models, followed by functional recovery of injury. The aim of this present review is to summarize various iPSC- NPCs differentiation methods, SCI modelling, and the current status of possible iPSC- NPCs- based therapy of SCI.

Contractarian Business Ethics: Current Status and Next Steps

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Dunfee ◽  
Thomas Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Stakeholder Management ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Social Contracts ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract:Social contract is rapidly becoming one of the significant alternatives for analyzing ethical issues in business. Contractarian approaches emphasizing consent as a means of justifying principles can provide needed context for rendering normative judgements concerning economic behaviors. Current research issues include developing tests of consent for both hypothetical and extant social contracts, and empirically testing the assumptions of the major contractarian approaches. Open questions include exploring the relationship between contractarian business ethics and other approaches, such as stakeholder management and virtue based ethics; and analysis of the intersection of contractarian approaches with the findings and assumptions of the field of moral psychology. Finally, the managerial utility of social contract based approaches needs to be explored with emphasis on identifying “translator” concepts.

scholarly journals An updated Review on Therapeutic Potential of Entrectinib as a Promising TrK, ROS 1, and ALK Inhibitor in Solid Tumors and Lung Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 413-421
Author(s):  
M. Archana ◽  
Mariya Palathingal ◽  
K. Athulya Damodharan ◽  
P. Ashisha ◽  
Nuaman, Akash Marathakam
Keyword(s):  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Anaplastic Lymphoma ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Clinical Trails ◽  
Tyrosine Receptor Kinase

Entrectinib is a selective inhibitor of tyrosine kinases , tropomyosin receptor kinases that targets oncogenic rearrangements in Neurotropic Tyrosine Receptor kinase, c-ros oncogene 1 and Anaplastic lymphoma kinase used for the treatment of various solid tumors. Entrectinib gained its first worldwide approval in Japan in June 2019 for the treatment of NTRK fusion-positive, advanced or recurring solid tumours in adults and children. In august 15, 2019 drug got FDA approval for the treatment of solid tumors in adult and children aged 12 and above. This article summarizes current status of Entrectinib from ongoing clinical trails and ideal place for drug in therapy.

Current ethical issues in animal biotechnology

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Scientific Integrity ◽  
Scientific Fraud ◽  
Animal Biotechnology ◽  
The Public ◽  
In Virtue Of

The present paper reviews the current status of opinion and debate regarding ethical issues in three broad categories of relevance to animal biotechnology. The first is scientific integrity, where the focus has been on scientific fraud and the integrity of the research process. The second concerns possible harms or risks to parties affected either directly by research (including animals themselves) or through the eventual commercialisation or development of products from animal biotechnology. The final category concerns a responsibility to serve as a guardian of the public interest with respect to application and development of technologies derived from new genetic sciences. It is plausible to see the scientific community as a whole having such a fiduciary obligation to the broader public in virtue of the technical complexity of the issues and owing to the public funding and institutional support for scientific research. The overall conclusion is that in the latter two categories especially, there is an urgent need for new participation in deliberative consideration of ethical issues by working scientists.

scholarly journals Current status and future perspectives of HLA-edited induced pluripotent stem cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Koga ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Shin Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Abstract In 2007, Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated by transducing four genes (Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc). Because iPSCs can differentiate into any types of cells in the body and have fewer ethical issues compared to embryonic stem (ES) cells, application of iPSCs for regenerative medicine has been actively examined. In fact, iPSCs have already been used for clinical applications, but at present, only autologous iPSC-derived grafts or HLA homozygous iPSC-derived grafts are being transplanted into patients following HLA matching. HLA is an important molecule that enables the immune system differentiates between self and non-self-components; thus, HLA mismatch is a major hurdle in the transplantation of iPSCs. To deliver inexpensive off-the-shelf iPSC-derived regenerative medicine products to more patients, it is necessary to generate universal iPSCs that can be transplanted regardless of the HLA haplotypes. The current strategy to generate universal iPSCs has two broad aims: deleting HLA expression and avoiding attacks from NK cells, which are caused by HLA deletion. Deletion of B2M and CIITA genes using the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been reported to suppress the expression of HLA class I and class II, respectively. Transduction of NK inhibitory ligands, such as HLA-E and CD47, has been used to avoid NK cell attacks. Most recently, the HLA-C retaining method has been used to generate semi-universal iPSCs. Twelve haplotypes of HLA-C retaining iPSCs can cover 95% of the global population. In future, studying which types of universal iPSCs are most effective for engraftment in various physiological conditions is necessary.

scholarly journals Current Status of Korean Counselors' Experience of Ethical Issues and Ethics Education

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo, Hongryun ◽  
Jee Hyang Lee ◽  
장유진 ◽  
허난설
Keyword(s):  
Ethics Education ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Current Status

scholarly journals Arbitral Tribunal Power to Disqualify Unethical Counsel

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Florescu
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
Arbitral Tribunal ◽  
Binding Effect ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Professional Guidelines

In specific matters of conflicts of interest ethical issues in connection with the parties' legal representatives could occur in the course of arbitration proceedings. The purpose of this paper is to identify and investigate the current status of the arbitral tribunals and arbitral institutions power to sanction counsel’s misconduct in the event of conflicts of interest. Parties have a fundamental right to choose the counsel and in the same time the right to an independent and impartial tribunal, therefore the source of the arbitral tribunal power to disqualify a counsel is a hot topic. There are no express provisions granting arbitrators such power, only soft law instruments, but which have no binding effect as long as the parties do not agree on them. For these reasons, two renowned cases where international arbitral tribunals have dealt with the subject are examined. Developing “truly transnational” ethical rules and their implementation by the arbitral institutions might be a solution. Arbitral tribunals are establishing this issue on the basis of the undertaken and applied international soft law (professional guidelines) which gained credibility and popularity and also became accepted international standards in the arbitration field.

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