scholarly journals Reactive Barriers for Renaturalization of Reclaimed Water during Soil Aquifer Treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Valhondo ◽  
Jesús Carrera ◽  
Lurdes Martínez-Landa ◽  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Stefano Amalfitano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Reactive Barriers

scholarly journals Reactive Barriers for Renaturalization of Reclaimed Water during Soil Aquifer Treatment

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Valhondo ◽  
Jesús Carrera ◽  
Lurdes Martínez-Landa ◽  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Stefano Amalfitano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Redox States ◽  
Reactive Barriers

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is known to increase available water quantity and to improve water quality. However, its implementation is hindered by the concern of polluting aquifers, which might lead to onerous treatment and regulatory requirements for the source water. These requirements might make MAR unsustainable both economically and energetically. To address these concerns, we tested reactive barriers laid at the bottom of infiltration basins to enhance water quality improvement during soil passage. The goal of the barriers was to (1) provide a range of sorption sites to favor the retention of chemical contaminants and pathogens; (2) favor the development of a sequence of redox states to promote the degradation of the most recalcitrant chemical contaminants; and (3) promote the growth of plants both to reduce clogging, and to supply organic carbon and sorption sites. We summarized our experience to show that the barriers did enhance the removal of organic pollutants of concern (e.g., pharmaceuticals and personal care products). However, the barriers did not increase the removal of pathogens beyond traditional MAR systems. We reviewed the literature to suggest improvements on the design of the system to improve pathogen attenuation and to address antibiotic resistance gene transfer.

Application of QMRA to MAR operations for safe agricultural reuse and marine recreational impacts in coastal areas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costantino Masciopinto ◽  
Michele Vurro ◽  
Nicola Lorusso ◽  
Domenico Santoro ◽  
Charles N. Haas
Keyword(s):  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Fractured Aquifer ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
Pathogen Transport ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

<p>The Municipality of Fasano (Puglia, Italy), i.e. owning one of 32 managed aquifer recharge (MAR) sites in operation in the Puglia region, has pioneered the reuse of tertiary-treated municipal effluent for both soil irrigations and the containment of seawater intrusion via groundwater recharge by ditches.</p><p>In this work, quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) methodologies have been applied to assess the degree of safety associated with such integrated practices by assessing the risks for public health resulting from the exposure to the reclaimed water. Escherichia coli (E.coli) dose-response model was used in this work since the pathogenic E.coli is reported to potentially occur in reclaimed water obtained from treated municipal effluents. The target count of pathogens ingested during swimming or inoculated by contaminated (uncooked) vegetables and fruits, was determined from the Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) Bayesian procedure applied to the results obtained from a monitoring campaign carried out in 2019. An optimization routine was applied in order to determine the most probable target pathogen count by minimizing the number of water samplings. The monitoring positions along the coast were defined by means of mathematical modeling, which highlighted the preferential pathways followed by pathogens when released into the fractured aquifer at a recharge operation flow rate of 10-30 L/s.</p><p>QMRA results indicated a negligible risk impact (12% probability of 0.4 infections per year) for soil irrigation practices and no impact on the seawater quality as a result of the additional treatment barrier provided by the so-called "soil-aquifer treatment" during the pathogen transport through the fractures of groundwater.</p><p> </p>

Fate of Natural Organic Matter (NOM) during Groundwater Recharge using Reclaimed Water

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg E. Drewes ◽  
Peter Fox
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
13C Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Microbial Products

The scope of this study was to investigate how natural organic matter (NOM) from drinking water and soluble microbial products (SMP) generated in the wastewater treatment process influence the character of DOC in reclaimed water used for indirect potable reuse. Biodegradation studies in conjunction with XAD-fractionation and 13C-NMR spectroscopy were applied to both characterize organic matter and to study removal mechanisms during subsequent soil-aquifer treatment (SAT). Based on hydraulically corresponding samples of drinking water and reclaimed water from reuse sites in Arizona and California, residual DOC in reclaimed water after SAT was dominated in concentration and character by NOM. Changes in DOC character were observed with increasing retention times during SAT in the direction to more aliphatic and less aromatic compounds indicative of humification with biodegradation as the dominant transformation process for bulk organics.

Removal mechanisms of endocrine disrupting compounds (steroids) during soil aquifer treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mansell ◽  
J.E. Drewes ◽  
T. Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Soil Column ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Carbon Matrix ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Removal Mechanisms ◽  
Photolytic Degradation ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Steroidal Hormones ◽  
Hydrophobic Acids

The objective of this study was to determine the primary removal mechanisms of endocrine disruptors such as steroidal hormones present in reclaimed water, specifically 17b-estradiol, estriol, and testosterone, during groundwater recharge via soil aquifer treatment (SAT). Steroidal hormones were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Bench-scale studies and laboratory-scale soil column experiments were employed to determine what mechanisms (i.e., adsorption, biodegradation, photolytic degradation) dominate the removal of the three compounds of interest during SAT. Findings of these studies revealed that the dominating removal mechanism for the compounds of interest during SAT is adsorption to the porous media matrix and additional attenuation to below the detection limit occurred in the presence of bioactivity. This additional removal occurred regardless of dominating redox conditions (aerobic vs. anoxic) or the type of organic carbon matrix present (hydrophobic acids, hydrophilic carbon vs. colloidal carbon).

Soil aquifer treatment to meet reclaimed water requirements

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-277
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Shabani ◽  
Roshanak Aflaki ◽  
Traci Minamide ◽  
Teresa Venezia ◽  
Michael K. Stenstrom
Keyword(s):  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Water Requirements

scholarly journals Utilization of artificial recharged effluent for irrigation: pollutants' removal and risk assessment

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Liangliang Wei ◽  
Kena Qin ◽  
Qingliang Zhao ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
Felix Tetteh Kabutey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Pollutants Removal ◽  
Pre Treatment

The reclaimed water from soil aquifer treatment (SAT) column was reused for irrigation as the source water, pollutants' removal and health risk assessment was analyzed via the comparison with secondary and tertiary effluents. The effect of the SAT pre-treatment on the qualities and growth of different crops (Lachca sativa – lettuce, Brasica rapa var chinensis – pak choi, Cucumis sativus – cucumber, Brassica oleracea – cabbage, and Zea mays – maize) were evaluated. Experimental results demonstrated that the tertiary and SAT treatments had no significant effect on the crop qualities, and could efficiently decrease the accumulation of heavy metals (especially for SAT pre-treatment). Moreover, the carcinogenic risk of the chemical carcinogens for the 1.5 m SAT effluent irrigation declined roughly an order of magnitude as compared with the secondary effluent, and three to four orders of magnitude decreasing of the virus risk. These findings are significant for the safe and cheap reuse of secondary effluent for irrigation purposes.

scholarly journals Removal of Nitrogen and COD from Reclaimed Water during Long-Term Simulated Soil Aquifer Treatment System under Different Hydraulic Conditions

Water ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiyan Pan ◽  
Yunwu Xiong ◽  
Quanzhong Huang ◽  
Guanhua Huang
Keyword(s):  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Hydraulic Conditions

Municipal Wastewater Reuse via Soil Aquifer Treatment for Non-Potable Purposes

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kanarek ◽  
A. Aharoni ◽  
M. Michail
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Zone ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Very High

Groundwater recharge for wastewater reuse developed and practiced successfully in the Dan Region Project is rather a soil aquifer treatmemt (SAT) system which should be considered as an integral part of the municipal wastewater treatment process. SAT consists of controlled passage of effluent through the unsaturated zone and the aquifer, mainly for purification purposes. The recharge operation is carried out by means of spreading basins which are surrounded by adequately spaced recovery wells which permit segregation of the recharge zone from the rest of the aquifer. A very high quality of reclaimed water is obtained after SAT which is suitable for a variety of non-potable uses such as unrestricted agricultural uses, industrial uses, non-potable municipal uses and recreational uses.

Groundwater recharge with municipal effluent: Dan Region Reclamation Project, Israel

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kanarek ◽  
M. Michail
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Aquifer System

The Dan Region Project is the largest water reclamation scheme in Israel which provides for collection, treatment, groundwater recharge and reuse of municipal wastewater from Tel-Aviv metropolitan area and several other neighboring municipalities. The project serves a total population of about 1.3 million with an average municipal wastewater flow of 270,000 cu.m/d. The special recharge-recovery method developed and practiced successfully in the Dan Region Project is rather a soil aquifer treatment (SAT) which should be considered as an integral part of the municipal wastewater treatment process. SAT consists of controlled passage of effluent through the unsaturated zone and the aquifer, mainly for purification purposes, as well as for seasonal and multiannual storage. The recharge operation is carried out by means of spreading basins which are surrounding by adequately spaced recovery wells which permit separating the recharge zone from the rest of the aquifer. The major purification processes occurring in the soil aquifer system are: slow-sand filtration, chemical precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, biological degradation, nitrification, denitrification and disinfection. Water quality control in the recharge zone is virtually complete and the very high quality of reclaimed water obtained after SAT is suitable for a variety of non potable uses especially for unrestricted agricultural irrigation. During the last five years, about 400 million cu.m of reclaimed water was supplied for unrestricted irrigation to the south of the country.

scholarly journals Assessing the Suitability of sites for Reclaimed Water Recharge using Hydrogeophysical and Hydrochemical Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-473
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Survey ◽  
Resistivity Survey ◽  
Water Recharge ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Electrical Methods

<div> <p>An electrical resistivity survey was carried out in the premises of Chennai Metrowater Sewage treatment plants and Anna University to assess the suitability of underlying aquifer for reclaimed water recharge and also to understand groundwater conditions. The geo-electrical methods used in the survey are Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) using the Schlumberger Configuration. The instrument used is ABEM Terrameter SAS 1000. The VES data from 5 locations were interpreted using IX1Dv2 software. The resistivity varies from 3.96 Ωm to 2796 Ωm while the thickness varies from 0.58 m to 43.05 m. The EC value for VES 1 and VES 3 are 26400 &micro;S/cm and 1551 &micro;S/cm, the TDS value for VES 1 and VES 3 are 16,896 mg/L and 993 mg/L respectively. From this investigation, the thickness of the first layer obtained by VES method along with clay and sand ratio is the deciding factor to assess the suitability of reclaimed water recharge. The study reveals that the Clay and Sand % should be between 30 - 40 and 60 - 70 respectively for reclaimed water recharge. Koyambedu and Anna University STP and surrounding area are found suitable for reclaimed water recharge using Soil Aquifer Treatment. &nbsp;</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

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