scholarly journals Assessing the Applicability of Low Impact Development Techniques in Arid and Semi-arid Regions

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-37
Author(s):  
Hadi Heidari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Kavianpour
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Harvesting Technique ◽  
Semi Arid

Low impact development (LID) techniques are increasingly used as a stormwater management strategy to maintain the hydrological conditions of developed areas and mitigate the negative consequences of stormwater runoff and nonpoint source pollution. Although LID techniques have been commonly used in moderate to humid areas, further information is needed on their effectiveness in semi-arid and arid regions. This study aims to examine and compare the effectiveness of LID techniques in arid and semi-arid climate conditions. First, a comprehensive study was conducted to rank LID techniques based on literature reviews while also incorporating different stakeholder priorities. Then, the city of Varamin, Tehran, Iran, was chosen as a low slope arid and semi-arid study region to assess the applicability of the best three high-ranked LID techniques using the storm water management model (SWMM). The results indicated that rainwater harvesting is the most effective technique in terms of stormwater quality and quantity management. The implementation of the rainwater harvesting technique across the case study is likely to decrease the average discharge, peak discharge, total volume, total runoff, and total suspended solids (TSS) by respectively 31.2%, 12.7%, 40.71%, 40.77% and 37.91%. Besides, rainwater tanks were projected to provide the water demands of home gardens during the five dry months, in addition to other domestic needs for water conservation objectives. The application of LID techniques in such water-limited regions can be useful for both stormwater management and water conservation.

Rainwater Management to Mitigate the Effects of Development on the Urban Hydrologic Cycle

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bradford ◽  
Chris Denich
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Hydrologic Cycle ◽  
Porous Pavement ◽  
Rainwater Management ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Stream Erosion

Traditional stormwater management approaches that rely on rapid conveyance and end-of-pipe detention have not adequately mitigated the effects of urbanization on water resources and the aquatic and human communities that rely upon them. Low-impact development techniques that can support a shift to management of the post-development hydrologic cycle and runoff volumes offer better opportunities to prevent stream erosion and protect groundwater recharge, characteristics of the flow regime and water quality. The application and design of four techniques—porous pavement, bioretention cells, green roofs and rainwater harvesting— in the management of the post-development water balance are presented.

scholarly journals Identification of suitable sites for rainwater harvesting structures in arid and semi-arid regions: A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adham Ammar ◽  
Michel Riksen ◽  
Mohamed Ouessar ◽  
Coen Ritsema
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Urban Rainwater Harvesting: An Approach for Water Provision for Cities in Semi-Arid Regions: The Case of Um Uthaina Neighbourhood in Amman - Jordan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haneen A. Al Sawalqa ◽  
Rizeq N. Hammad ◽  
Fadia H. Al Nassar ◽  
Sarinaz S. Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water Provision ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Optimum ridge–furrow ratio and suitable ridge-mulching material for Alfalfa production in rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of China

2015 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 186-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Xingyang Song ◽  
Fuchun Li ◽  
Guangrong Hu ◽  
Qinglin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Semi Arid

Spatial simulation of water supply service flow in Ningxia, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Xu ◽  
Gaodi Xie ◽  
Yu Xiao ◽  
Jingya Liu ◽  
Keyu Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Semi Arid

<p>Transregional Ecosystem Service (ES) flows are ubiquitous and are receiving more attention in an increasingly metacoupled world. Water has typical flow properties and is a common flow medium of Water-related Ecosystem Services (WES), such as water supply, water conservation, etc. Ningxia is in a transition zone from semi-arid to arid areas of the Yellow River basin of China. Its role in the water transfer from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the downstream city and agriculture is important in allocating the scarce water resources in (semi-)arid regions. This study described the water flow process to/from Ningxia and revealed the supply-demand balance of water in Ningxia and its adjacent basins. On the grid scale, the total dynamic residual water in Ningxia from 2000 to 2015 was 2.20×10<sup>12</sup> m<sup>3</sup>~6.26×10<sup>12</sup> m<sup>3</sup>. However, there was still a dynamic water demand gap of -72.25×10<sup>8</sup> m<sup>3</sup> ~ -59.08×10<sup>8</sup> m<sup>3</sup>, which could only be supplemented by manual water intake. At the regional scale, Ningxia had two sides, which was both the beneficiary of the upper Xiaheyan basin, Qingshui River - Kushui River basin, Xiaheyan - Shizuishan basin, Hexi Inland River-Shiyang River basin, Hexi Inland Rive-Hexi desert basin and internal flow area, and the supplier of the downstream Shizuishan - Hekou town, Longmen to Sanmenxia subbasin. As the benefitting district, the total net inflow water supply service in the supply area from 2000 to 2015 was 135.86×10<sup>8</sup> m<sup>3 </sup>~ 294.22×10<sup>8</sup> m<sup>3</sup>, among which the non-Ningxia region in the sub-basin above the Xiaheyan basin was the main source region of water supply service in Ningxia. As the supply area, the net outflow volume of water supply service in Ningxia from 2000 to 2015 was 72.83×10<sup>8</sup> m<sup>3</sup>~200.46×10<sup>8</sup> m<sup>3</sup>, mainly flowing to non-Ningxia regions from Shizuishan to Hekou town. Overall, the net volume of water supply service flowing into Ningxia from 2000 to 2015 ranged from 63.03×10<sup>8</sup> m<sup>3</sup> to 93.76×10<sup>8</sup> m<sup>3</sup>. This study can enhance the understanding of trans-boundary telecoupling relationship of WES in Ningxia and contribute to form a foundation for interregional management and allocation of WES in (semi-)arid regions to promote equity in sustainable regional development.</p>

Assessment of a rainwater harvesting system for pollutant mitigation at a commercial location in Raleigh, NC, USA

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne E. Wilson ◽  
William F. Hunt ◽  
Ryan J. Winston ◽  
Patrick Smith
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate

Low Impact Development (LID) and Water Sensitive Urban Design have as one of their tenets the use of rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems to provide water for use on site. Historically implemented in arid or semi-arid regions, RWH has recently surged in popularity in more humid regions, such as the southeastern USA, due to increased interest in water conservation during severe drought conditions. An LID commercial site in Raleigh, NC, incorporated RWH with other stormwater control measures to mitigate runoff quantity and improve runoff quality. A 57,900-liter RWH tank used for landscape irrigation was monitored to determine influent and effluent water quality. Samples were analyzed for total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN), nitrite-nitrate (NOX), orthophosphate (Ortho-P) and total suspended solids (TSS). Low concentrations were observed for all pollutants monitored; for example, influent and effluent TP concentrations were 0.02 and 0.03 mg/L, respectively. Statistical testing showed significant increases in TAN and organic nitrogen (ON) concentrations by 33 and 38%, respectively, from inflow to outflow. NOX and TSS concentrations decreased significantly by 23 and 55%, respectively. Concentrations of all other pollutants were not significantly different between the inflow and outflow. Influent concentrations to the RWH tank were less than previously published rainfall pollutant concentrations, indicating potentially irreducible concentrations onsite. While a single case study, this RWH system appears to offer some pollutant mitigation, especially for TSS.

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