scholarly journals Are preschoolers expected to learn difficult science constructs? A content analysis of U.S. standards

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Ocasio ◽  
Talia Waltzer ◽  
Camilla Caudy ◽  
Heidi Kloos
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Science Learning ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Educational Standards ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Preschool Science ◽  
Relative Prevalence

In the current paper, we report on the recommendations for preschool science put forward in the educational standards of U.S. states. Our focus was specifically on whether educational standards recommend abstract science constructs—constructs that are difficult to learn. In Study 1, we focused on science constructs related to inquiry (i.e., activities geared towards the generation of scientific knowledge). And in Study 2, we focused on science constructs related to facts (i.e., established scientific knowledge). In each study, we developed a coding scheme to distinguish between concrete and abstract constructs and then determined the relative prevalence of each. Our findings show that preschoolers are indeed expected to learn abstract science constructs. At the same time, educational standards varied considerably across U.S. states. Implications for the field of early science learning are discussed.

Journalistic expertise: A communicative approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Carpenter ◽  
Duygu Kanver
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Communicative Approach ◽  
Digital Landscape

Journalists’ privileges and the perceived value of their contributions are being affected by the increasing belief that journalistic work is a product that can be produced by anyone. This perspective should prompt questions related to the conceptualization of journalistic expertise and the functions of educational institutions that assert they teach it. This research contributes to scientific knowledge by introducing an alternative scholarly approach toward defining journalistic expertise—a communication perspective. Prestige in the digital landscape is increasingly associated with the ability of communicators to package information conveying their expertise to various publics. We proposed a set of variables to assess expertise: journalism-related degree, previous professional journalism experience, affiliation, journalism awards, specialization, technical skills, journalism skills, and public service through a content analysis of public Facebook fan pages. The results revealed that journalists communicated their expertise by highlighting their affiliation, previous experience, and specialization(s).

scholarly journals AQAID AL-KHAMSINA MENURUT AHLUSSUNNAH WAL JAMA’AH

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adenan Adenan ◽  
Ismet Sari ◽  
Sutan M. Arfierdin Pohan
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Free Association ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
The Way

<p><em>The rise of evil that existed in this period began from free association, abuse of drugs, theft and others. The moral deterioration is very much happening and the way to cope with it is by deepening the science of religion, which is with a lot of scientific knowledge of Tauhid. The science of Tauhid is a science that discusses the attributes of Allah SWT and his Messenger or called Aqaid Al-Khamsina. By studying the science of Tauhid can certainly reduce the number of criminality because by learning the science of Tauhid means a person's behavior will be much better. This research aims to determine the meaning of Aqaid Al-Khamsina and the explanation of each of these qualities. This research is included in Library research.  Primary data sources include the book by Imam Muhammad bin as-Sanusi named Umm al-Barahin, the publisher city of Kediri, the publisher name Santri Salaf Press, in the year 2015 and the book of Sheikh Muhammad Al-Fudholi named Kifayatul Awam, the publisher of Surabaya, the name of publisher Mutiara Ilmu, in the year 2018.  The secondary sources are books related to Aqaid Al-Khamsina, which is a book by Siradjuddin Abbas named I'itiqad Ahlussunnah Wal Jama'ah, a book by Abu Fikri Ihsani called Encyclopedia of Allah, a book by Imam Abil Izz Al-Hanafi named Tahdzib Syarah Aqidah Thahawiyah. In analyzing this research researchers use the Content analysis method (content analysis) is by means of drawing conclusions from several references that have been chosen, compared and combined.  The results of the research obtained is that Aqaid Al-Khamsina is a nature of Allah SWT and its Apostles that if in total there is 50 consisting of 20 mandatory nature of God, 20 impossibly god nature, 1 Jaiz nature, 4 mandatory nature of the Apostle, 4 the odds of the Apostle and 1 character Jaiz apostle. All of our mandatory qualities are known and Imani as the perfection of the creed.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> Ahlussunnah Wal Jama'ah, Aqaid Al-Khamsina, Akidah, Tauhid.</em></p>

scholarly journals “There’s a Lot of Support”: Junior Doctors’ Experiences of the Medical Internship

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Carlsson ◽  
Anna Nilsdotter ◽  
Stefan Bergman ◽  
Matilda Liljedahl
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Medical Student ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Healthcare Organisation ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Background: It is known that the transition from medical school to clinical work can be stressful. In some countries, an introductory service bridges the gap, introducing the doctor-to-be to clinical work. However, there is a lack of scientific knowledge about whether these introductory services serve their purpose as justifiable introductions. To address the gap, this paper aimed to explore experiences that junior doctors hold of the medical internship.Methods: Using a qualitative description approach, data was collected through twelve individual in-depth interviews with volunteering medical interns from three different hospital sites in Sweden. Data were verbatim transcribed and analysed by qualitative content analysis, generating categories and themes. Results: Four main themes were identified in our data. The interns felt increasingly comfortable as doctors (‘finding one’s feet’) through taking responsibility for patients while receiving necessary help and assistance (‘a doctor with support’). Although appreciative of getting an overview of the healthcare organisation (‘healthcare sightseeing’), interns were exhausted by repeatedly changing workplaces and felt stuck in a rigid framework (‘stuck at the zoo’).Conclusions: This study showed that the transition from medical student to clinical doctor does not necessarily have to be characterised by stress and mental exhaustion but can, with extensive support, provide a fruitful opportunity for interns to grow into their roles as doctors.

scholarly journals The influence of institutional factors on corporate narratives: A thematic content analysis of Guinness

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-447
Author(s):  
Alonso Moreno ◽  
Martin Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Thematic Content Analysis ◽  
Thematic Content ◽  
Corporate Reporting ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Over Time

This article provides a thematic content analysis of the Chairman’s Statement of Arthur Guinness & Son Ltd over time. The analysis traces the evolution of the content over four distinct periods using a coding scheme developed from extant research. The objective is to study whether the corporate narratives change in line with the institutional factors over time. To interpret the results, we draw on an institutional theory–based lens to offer potential explanations of some of the change and also of stability. Institutions can not only constrain behaviour but also support and empower agents to bring about change. The results of the longitudinal content analysis reveal some variations over time, but in general the content is relatively stable. This may be explained by the organisation itself being an institution that is sufficiently institutionalised so that corporate reporting remained relatively stable. This suggests Guinness may be an example of a strong institution over time.

Making Sense of Online Consumer Reviews: A Methodology

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Robson ◽  
Mana Farshid ◽  
John Bredican ◽  
Stephen Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Consumer Reviews ◽  
Star Rating ◽  
Online Consumer Reviews ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Analysis Package ◽  
Online Consumer ◽  
Source Of Information

Online consumer reviews have become an increasingly important source of information for both consumers (i.e. about whether to buy) and marketers (i.e. about product strengths and weaknesses). However, online consumer reviews are unstructured and unsystematic in nature, making interpretation of these reviews an enormous challenge. The current paper sheds light on a particular methodology that can be used to investigate what consumers say about companies, brands or products. Consumer reviews of the four best-selling games available on Apple's App Store were compiled. Leximancer, a content analysis package, was used to compare comments from users who provided games with a five-star rating versus a one-star rating. Results from the Leximancer analysis reveal the most common themes and concepts that consumers use to describe their experience with these games. Specifically, five-star reviewers describe games as fun, awesome, amazing and addictive; one-star reviewers describe games as boring, easy and stupid. Additionally, negative reviews include themes regarding the presence of ads, technological difficulties and value. Future research should explore how consumers and marketers use this information.

scholarly journals CONTENT ANALYSIS OF AL-QUR'AN SCIENCE INTEGRATION IN CHILDREN'S ANIMATED SERIAL OF RIKO THE SERIES ON HUJAN’S EPISODE

Ta dib ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Dadan Suryana ◽  
Resti Yulia ◽  
Safrizal Safrizal
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Science Learning ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Science Integration ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Animated Film ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

The Qur'an is a source of value in the development of religion, morals, and knowledge for early childhood, especially for Muslim children. The integration of science-based knowledge is often highlighted at every level of education, especially in PAUD. This study uses a qualitative descriptive with the type of document analysis or content analysis. The data analysis technique used refers to the Saussure model. The stages in the analysis of research data are content analysis, information grouping, data interpretation, and verification. Testing the validity of the data using the credibility test, namely by increasing the persistence of researchers in terms of reviewing the important points of the analyzed content. The results showed that the animated film Riko the series became a science learning solution that was integrated with Al-Qur'an learning to give meaning to Al-Qur'an learning so that it was not limited to memorization but could be directly related to children's daily lives.

scholarly journals An approach for selecting and using a method of inter-coder reliability in information management research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nili ◽  
M Tate ◽  
A Barros ◽  
David Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Suitable Method ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Qualitative Information ◽  
Financial Cost ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
And Training

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Qualitative researchers in information management research often need to evaluate inter-coder reliability (ICR) to test the trustworthiness of their content analysis. A suitable method of evaluating ICR enables researchers to rigorously assess the degree of agreement among two or more independent qualitative coders. This allows researchers to identify mistakes in the content analysis before the codes are used in developing and testing a theory or a measurement model and avoid any associated time, effort and financial cost. Different methods have been proposed, but little guidance is available on which approach to evaluating ICR should be used. In this paper, we review and compare leading ICR methods that are suitable for qualitative information management research. We propose an approach for selecting and using an ICR method, supported by an illustrative example. The five steps in our proposed approach include: selecting an ICR method based on its characteristics and requirements of a project; developing a coding scheme; selecting and training independent coders; calculating the ICR coefficient and resolving discrepancies; and reporting the process of evaluating ICR and its results.

scholarly journals EXPLAINING TRANSPHOBIA AND DISCRIMINATION AGAINST TRANS PEOPLE: A REVIEW OF THEORETICAL APPROACHES

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Aguirre-Sánchez-Beato
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Trans People ◽  
Conceptual Distinction ◽  
Theoretical Proposal

Abstract Transphobia and discrimination against trans people are widespread. In view of growing scientific interest in understanding this type of discrimination and considering that scientific knowledge shapes the way a phenomenon is understood and addressed, this paper aims at identifying theoretical perspectives and categories used in contemporary scientific research (2005-2016) to explain discrimination against trans people. A review of literature and a qualitative content analysis of the selected documents (N = 68) were carried out. Two broad theoretical perspectives were identified: cognitive approaches and discursive approaches. The limitations of the two approaches are discussed in terms of how the problem of transphobia and discrimination is framed and explained and the scope for action offered. To overcome such limitations, a conceptual distinction between gendered practices and transphobic attitudes and ideology is suggested and an alternative theoretical proposal using discursive psychology is presented.

scholarly journals Pupil-Generated Questions in a Collaborative Open Inquiry

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Pöntinen ◽  
Sirpa Kärkkäinen ◽  
Kaisa Pihlainen ◽  
Sinikka Räty-Záborszky
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Science Learning ◽  
Fifth Graders ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Open Inquiry ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Study Process

Formulating questions is an integral part of pupils’ learning process and scientific inquiry. Investigating pupil-generated questions in a collaborative science learning setting, combining self-regulation theory and phases of inquiry, can extend the previous research into pupils’ questions. This study considered questions from pupils (n = 24, aged 11–12) as types of interaction to share and reflect on both their own and others’ ideas during a collaborative open inquiry. The study was qualitative in nature. The data was collected by making video recordings of pupils’ team discussions during the study process in 12 science lessons. A content analysis demonstrates that through their questions, the pupils were actively involved in guiding their work from various points of views. These results suggest that fifth graders can successfully conduct a complex open inquiry in teams. Consequently, this study underlines that allowing pupils to work at their own pace, and to take responsibility for their learning, opportunities can arise for pupils to pose questions and regulate their learning through questions.

Turkish and Slovenian health ministries' use of Twitter: a comparative analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aydemir Okay ◽  
Pedja Ašanin Gole ◽  
Ayla Okay
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Individual Perceptions ◽  
Health Ministries

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how the health ministries of Turkey and Slovenia use Twitter as government agencies obliged to communicate with the public.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed a content analysis methodology to examine how Turkish (TR) and Slovenian (SLO) health ministries use Twitter for informing and encouraging behavior change in the public. A total of 662 “tweets” were analyzed. Drawing on prior studies, a coding scheme was developed and employed, and χ2 and t-tests were conducted for data analysis. Additionally, this study aimed at effecting a content analysis according to the “four models” method of Grunig and Hunt regarding efforts made to build communication with the public.FindingsThis study uncovered that the TR and SLO health ministries did not utilize two-way communication principles for Twitter communication, and their frequency of Twitter use is inadequate.Research limitations/implicationsThe sampled tweets were selected by using a scientific sampling method. However, this might not have been substantial enough to represent the entirety of tweets in the study timeframe. Analyzing tweets across a longer timeframe would be helpful in confirming this study's findings. This study was also limited to two countries and to publicly available tweets; the messages of health ministries' followers to the ministries themselves were not examined. The findings of this study may not be generalizable to other countries. Other potential studies, with a particular focus on this topic, may be able to measure individual perceptions of the credibility and usefulness of messages from health ministries and their willingness to engage in two-way communication.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first to evaluate how the health ministries of Turkey and Slovenia communicate on Twitter and to apply the four models of Grunig and Hunt with regard to Twitter. This study also identified that noncompeting government agencies were not minded to communicate with their publics.

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