Mild Chronic Hyponatremia and Osteoporotic Fractures Risk in Elderly

Low serum sodium levels were associated with increased prevalence of osteoporosis and fractures. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between serum sodium and bone mineral density and/or osteoporotic fractures� prevalence in elderly people. A total number of 260 patients (23 men / 237 women), aged 66.5 � 12.8 years, were retrospectively assessed. Serum sodium levels were measured in all patients. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: serum natremia was 140.3 � 4.4 mmol/L; prevalence of hyponatremia was 7.3%; frailty fractures were present in 117 out of 260 patients (45%). Patients with fractures had lower serum sodium levels as compared to patients without fractures (139 � 3.9 vs. 141.5 � 4.6 mmol/L, p [ 0.001). Patients with osteoporosis (n = 179) also showed lower natremia as compared to patients with normal BMD and osteopenia (n = 81): 139.9 � 4.7 vs. 141.2 � 3.8 mmol/L, p = 0.035. In patients admitted in the hospital for fractures (n = 92), prevalence of hyponatremia was 13.04%. Hyponatremic patients had significantly higher prevalence of fractures (73.7% vs. 42.7%, p = 0.0147) as compared to normonatremic patients. Odds ratio (OR) for fractures in patients with hyponatremia was 3.75 [95% C.I.: 1.3-10.75], p = 0.0138; OR for hip fractures in patients with hyponatremia was 3.65 [95% C.I.: 1.38-9.64], p = 0.0089. Both incidence and prevalence of hyponatremia increase with age, especially in patients treated with diuretics. Several clinical studies found an association between mild chronic hyponatremia in elderly and increased odds ratio of osteoporosis at the total and at femoral neck; the study also showed an increased odds ratio for all fractures and for hip fractures in hyponatremic patients. Elderly people at risk of osteoporotic fractures should have sodium serum measured.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Variations in bone mineral density of proximal femora of elderly people with hip fractures: a case-control analysis.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718412091.793495565 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Anwar Marthya

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Elderly People ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Hip Fractures ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Analysis ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Case Control Analysis

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The relationship between osteoarthritis of the hands, bone mineral density, and osteoporotic fractures in elderly women

Osteoporosis International ◽

10.1007/bf01622261 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 382-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

C. Marcelli ◽

F. Favier ◽

P. O. Kotzki ◽

V. Ferrazzi ◽

M. -C. Picot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Osteoporotic Fractures ◽

Mineral Density ◽

The Relationship

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Enhancement of Prediction for Hip Fractures Using Stochastic Assessment of Bone Mineral Density Distribution From DXA Images

Volume 1A: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms; Active and Reactive Soft Matter; Atherosclerosis; BioFluid Mechanics; Education; Biotransport Phenomena; Bone, Joint and Spine Mechanics; Brain Injury; Cardiac Mechanics; Cardiovascular Devices, Fluids and Imaging; Cartilage and Disc Mechanics; Cell and Tissue Engineering; Cerebral Aneurysms; Computational Biofluid Dynamics; Device Design, Human Dynamics, and Rehabilitation; Drug Delivery and Disease Treatment; Engineered Cellular Environments ◽

10.1115/sbc2013-14227 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Xuanliang Neil Dong ◽

Patricia Cussen ◽

Timothy Lowe ◽

David Di Paolo ◽

Joyce Ballard

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Hip Fractures ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Osteoporotic Fractures ◽

Mineral Density ◽

X Ray ◽

Increasing Risk ◽

Fracture Risks ◽

Bone Mineral Density Distribution

Hip fractures are among the most common types of osteoporotic fractures that affect one in three women and one in six men over the age of 50 [1]. It is well known that loss of bone mass, quantified by bone mineral density using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), is associated with the increasing risk of bone fractures. However, bone mineral density (BMD) alone cannot fully explain changes in fracture risks [2, 3]. In particular, BMD is not able to predict fracture risks for women with osteopenia, in which a BMD T-score is between −1.0 and −2.5. This suggests additional factors (i.e., bone quality) should be considered in predicting fracture risks [4].

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Variations in Bone Mineral Density of Proximal Femora of Elderly People With Hip Fractures: A Case-Control Analysis

Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery ◽

10.1097/ta.0b013e3182185aeb ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 71 (6) ◽

pp. 1720-1725 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chi-Chuan Wu ◽

Chao-Jan Wang ◽

Yea-Ing Lotus Shyu

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Elderly People ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Hip Fractures ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Analysis ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Case Control Analysis

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Review for "Genetic burden contributing to extremely low or high bone mineral density in a senior male population from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study"

10.1002/jbm4.10335/v2/review2 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Osteoporotic Fractures ◽

High Bone Mineral Density ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Male Population ◽

High Bone ◽

Genetic Burden

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Anxiety Levels Predict Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women Undergoing Oral Bisphosphonates: A Two-Year Follow-Up

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18158144 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 8144

Author(s):

Gabriella Martino ◽

Federica Bellone ◽

Carmelo M. Vicario ◽

Agostino Gaudio ◽

Andrea Caputo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Osteoporotic Fractures ◽

Oral Bisphosphonates ◽

Mineral Density ◽

X Ray ◽

Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale ◽

Anxiety Levels

Clinical psychological factors may predict medical diseases. Anxiety level has been associated with osteoporosis, but its role on bone mineral density (BMD) change is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between anxiety levels and both adherence and treatment response to oral bisphosphonates (BPs) in postmenopausal osteoporosis. BMD and anxiety levels were evaluated trough dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), respectively. Participants received weekly medication with alendronate or risedronate and were grouped according to the HAM-A scores into tertiles (HAM-A 3 > HAM-A 2 > HAM-A 1). After 24 months, BMD changes were different among the HAM-A tertiles. The median lumbar BMD change was significantly greater in both the HAM-A 2 and HAM-A 3 in comparison with the HAM-A 1. The same trend was observed for femoral BMD change. Adherence to BPs was >75% in 68% of patients in the HAM-A 1, 79% of patients in the HAM-A 2, and 89% of patients in the HAM-A 3 (p = 0.0014). After correcting for age, body mass index, depressive symptoms, and the 10-yr. probability of osteoporotic fractures, anxiety levels independently predicted lumbar BMD change (β = 0.3417, SE 0.145, p = 0.02). In conclusion, women with higher anxiety levels reported greater BMD improvement, highlighting that anxiety was associated with adherence and response to osteoporosis medical treatment, although further research on this topic is needed.

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The Association of Lumbar Disc Herniation with Lumbar Volumetric Bone Mineral Density in a Cross-Sectional Chinese Study

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11060938 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 938

Author(s):

Jian Geng ◽

Ling Wang ◽

Qing Li ◽

Pengju Huang ◽

Yandong Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Lumbar Disc Herniation ◽

Disc Herniation ◽

Lumbar Disc ◽

Magnetic Resonance Images ◽

Volumetric Bone Mineral Density ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Men And Women ◽

The Relationship

Little is known about the effect of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LDH) on lumbar bone mineral density (BMD), and few previous studies have used quantitative computed tomography (QCT) to assess whether the staging of LDH correlates with lumbar vertebral trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (Trab.vBMD). To explore the relationship between lumbar Trab.vBMD and LDH, seven hundred and fifty-four healthy participants aged 20–60 years were enrolled in the study from an ongoing study on the degeneration of the spine and knee between June 2014 and 2017. QCT was used to measure L2–4 Trab.vBMD and lumbar spine magnetic resonance images (MRI) were performed to assess the incidence of disc herniation. After 9 exclusions, a total of 322 men and 423 women remained. The men and women were divided into younger (age 20–39 years) and older (age 40–60 years) groups and further into those without LDH, with a single LDH segment, and with ≥2 segments. Covariance analysis was used to adjust for the effects of age, BMI, waistline, and hipline on the relationship between Trab.vBMD and LDH. Forty-one younger men (25.0%) and 59 older men (37.3%) had at least one LDH segment. Amongst the women, the numbers were 46 (22.5%) and 80 (36.4%), respectively. Although there were differences in the characteristics data between men and women, the difference in Trab.vBMD between those without LDH and those with single and ≥2 segments was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). These results remained not statistically significant after further adjusting for covariates (p > 0.05). No associations between lumbar disc herniation and vertebral trabecular volumetric bone mineral density were observed in either men or women.

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