Enhancement of Prediction for Hip Fractures Using Stochastic Assessment of Bone Mineral Density Distribution From DXA Images

Hip fractures are among the most common types of osteoporotic fractures that affect one in three women and one in six men over the age of 50 [1]. It is well known that loss of bone mass, quantified by bone mineral density using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), is associated with the increasing risk of bone fractures. However, bone mineral density (BMD) alone cannot fully explain changes in fracture risks [2, 3]. In particular, BMD is not able to predict fracture risks for women with osteopenia, in which a BMD T-score is between −1.0 and −2.5. This suggests additional factors (i.e., bone quality) should be considered in predicting fracture risks [4].

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Anxiety Levels Predict Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women Undergoing Oral Bisphosphonates: A Two-Year Follow-Up

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18158144 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 8144

Author(s):

Gabriella Martino ◽

Federica Bellone ◽

Carmelo M. Vicario ◽

Agostino Gaudio ◽

Andrea Caputo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Osteoporotic Fractures ◽

Oral Bisphosphonates ◽

Mineral Density ◽

X Ray ◽

Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale ◽

Anxiety Levels

Clinical psychological factors may predict medical diseases. Anxiety level has been associated with osteoporosis, but its role on bone mineral density (BMD) change is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between anxiety levels and both adherence and treatment response to oral bisphosphonates (BPs) in postmenopausal osteoporosis. BMD and anxiety levels were evaluated trough dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), respectively. Participants received weekly medication with alendronate or risedronate and were grouped according to the HAM-A scores into tertiles (HAM-A 3 > HAM-A 2 > HAM-A 1). After 24 months, BMD changes were different among the HAM-A tertiles. The median lumbar BMD change was significantly greater in both the HAM-A 2 and HAM-A 3 in comparison with the HAM-A 1. The same trend was observed for femoral BMD change. Adherence to BPs was >75% in 68% of patients in the HAM-A 1, 79% of patients in the HAM-A 2, and 89% of patients in the HAM-A 3 (p = 0.0014). After correcting for age, body mass index, depressive symptoms, and the 10-yr. probability of osteoporotic fractures, anxiety levels independently predicted lumbar BMD change (β = 0.3417, SE 0.145, p = 0.02). In conclusion, women with higher anxiety levels reported greater BMD improvement, highlighting that anxiety was associated with adherence and response to osteoporosis medical treatment, although further research on this topic is needed.

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Bone fractures in children — Evaluation of bone mineral density by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and quantitative ultrasound

Bone ◽

10.1016/j.bone.2009.04.159 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. S99-S100

Author(s):

D. Chlebna-Sokol ◽

A. Rusinska ◽

J. Golec ◽

I. Michalus

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Quantitative Ultrasound ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Mineral Density ◽

X Ray ◽

Fractures In Children

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Analysis of bone mineral density distribution at trabecular bones in thoracic and lumbar vertebrae using X-ray CT images

Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism ◽

10.1007/s00774-010-0204-1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 174-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Tatsuro Hayashi ◽

Huayue Chen ◽

Kei Miyamoto ◽

Xiangrong Zhou ◽

Takeshi Hara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Density Distribution ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Lumbar Vertebrae ◽

Ct Images ◽

Mineral Density ◽

X Ray ◽

Trabecular Bones ◽

Bone Mineral Density Distribution

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Strong Genetic Effects on Bone Mineral Density in Multiple Locations with Two Different Techniques: Results from a Cross-Sectional Twin Study

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57030248 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 248

Author(s):

Marton Piroska ◽

David Laszlo Tarnoki ◽

Helga Szabo ◽

Zsofia Jokkel ◽

Szilvia Meszaros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Femoral Neck ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Genetic Component ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

X Ray ◽

Total Hip ◽

Genetic Components

Background and Objectives: Previous studies have demonstrated that risk of hip fracture is at least partly heritable. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of the genetic component of bone mineral density (BMD), using both X-ray and ultrasound assessment at multiple sites. Materials and Methods: 216 adult, healthy Hungarian twins (124 monozygotic, MZ, 92 dizygotic, DZ; mean age 54.2 ± 14.3 years), recruited from the Hungarian Twin Registry with no history of oncologic disease underwent cross-sectional BMD studies. We measured BMD, T- and Z-scores with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at multiple sites (lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip and radius). Quantitative bone ultrasound (QUS) was also performed, resulting in a calculated value of estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) in the heel bone. Heritability was calculated using the univariate ACE model. Results: Bone density had a strong genetic component at all sites with estimates of heritability ranging from 0.613 to 0.838 in the total sample. Lumbar BMD and calcaneus eBMD had major genetic components with estimates of 0.828 and 0.838 respectively, and least heritable (0.653) at the total hip. BMD of the radius had also a strong genetic component with an estimate of 0.806. No common environmental effect was found. The remaining variance was influenced by unique environment (0.162 to 0.387). In females only, slightly higher additive genetic estimates were found, especially in the case of the femoral neck and total hip. Conclusion: Bone mineral density is strongly heritable, especially in females at all locations using both DEXA and QUS, which may explain the importance of family history as a risk factor for bone fractures. Unshared environmental effects account for the rest of the variance with slight differences in magnitude across various bone regions, supporting the role of lifestyle in preventing osteoporotic fractures with various efficacy in different bone regions.

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Mild Chronic Hyponatremia and Osteoporotic Fractures Risk in Elderly

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.12.6783 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 69 (12) ◽

pp. 3520-3523

Author(s):

Raluca Alexandra Trifanescu ◽

Dan Soare ◽

Catalin Carstoiu ◽

Gheorghe Popescu ◽

Alina Mihaela Pascu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Elderly People ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Hip Fractures ◽

Serum Sodium ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Osteoporotic Fractures ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Chronic Hyponatremia ◽

The Relationship

Low serum sodium levels were associated with increased prevalence of osteoporosis and fractures. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between serum sodium and bone mineral density and/or osteoporotic fractures� prevalence in elderly people. A total number of 260 patients (23 men / 237 women), aged 66.5 � 12.8 years, were retrospectively assessed. Serum sodium levels were measured in all patients. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: serum natremia was 140.3 � 4.4 mmol/L; prevalence of hyponatremia was 7.3%; frailty fractures were present in 117 out of 260 patients (45%). Patients with fractures had lower serum sodium levels as compared to patients without fractures (139 � 3.9 vs. 141.5 � 4.6 mmol/L, p [ 0.001). Patients with osteoporosis (n = 179) also showed lower natremia as compared to patients with normal BMD and osteopenia (n = 81): 139.9 � 4.7 vs. 141.2 � 3.8 mmol/L, p = 0.035. In patients admitted in the hospital for fractures (n = 92), prevalence of hyponatremia was 13.04%. Hyponatremic patients had significantly higher prevalence of fractures (73.7% vs. 42.7%, p = 0.0147) as compared to normonatremic patients. Odds ratio (OR) for fractures in patients with hyponatremia was 3.75 [95% C.I.: 1.3-10.75], p = 0.0138; OR for hip fractures in patients with hyponatremia was 3.65 [95% C.I.: 1.38-9.64], p = 0.0089. Both incidence and prevalence of hyponatremia increase with age, especially in patients treated with diuretics. Several clinical studies found an association between mild chronic hyponatremia in elderly and increased odds ratio of osteoporosis at the total and at femoral neck; the study also showed an increased odds ratio for all fractures and for hip fractures in hyponatremic patients. Elderly people at risk of osteoporotic fractures should have sodium serum measured.

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THE VALUE OF OSTEOPONTIN AS A DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKER IN POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS; A REVIEW.

Journal of Applied Pharmacy ◽

10.21065/19204159.12.27 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Amira A. Atta ◽

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Early Detection ◽

Postmenopausal Osteoporosis ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Osteoporotic Fractures ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Diagnostic Biomarker ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Diagnosis Of Osteoporosis ◽

X Ray

Although increased awareness of morbidity and costs related to osteoporotic fractures, real progress achieved only through early detection of osteoporosis before any fractures occur. Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) is commonly used for diagnosis of osteoporosis by measuring bone mineral density (BMD

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Pilot Algorithm studying of regional features of the risk factors for osteoporosis and fractures in the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous okrug-Yugra, TYumen region

Journal of New Medical Technologies eJournal ◽

10.12737/4787 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Михайлин ◽

A. Mikhaylin

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Osteoporotic Fractures ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Risk Of Fracture ◽

X Ray ◽

Identification Of Persons ◽

Low Sensitivity

Modern methods of determination of bone mineral density by means of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry with sufficient specificity and a low sensitivity don’t always available. In this regard, to identify the patients for appointment of therapy, the search strategy consisting in the identification of persons with a high risk of fracture was carried out. As priority direction in the diagnosis is not the fact of having osteoporosis, but the assessment of the risk of fracture. Geographical feature of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, the lack of equipment x-ray osteodensitometry in medical institutions and their absence in clinics indicate low diagnostic availability in the assessment of the bone mineral density of the population – this determines the importance of research in the region the significant risk factors of osteoporosis and important risk factors for osteoporotic fractures.

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