The Need to Develop New Antimicrobial Molecules, as Revealed by in vitro Assessment of Drug Resistance in Staphylococcal Skin Infections Treated with Autologous Bacterial Vaccine

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 292-303
Author(s):  
Madalina Preda ◽  
Alina-Alexandra Serbanescu ◽  
Mara Madalina Mihai ◽  
Gabriela-Loredana Popa ◽  
Loredana Cornelia Sabina Manolescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Bacterial Vaccine ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Staphylococcus spp. is a facultative pathogen, which can be found in the commensal microbiota of humans, most often in moist skinfolds and mucous membranes. This microorganism has the ability to cause various infections, in almost every organ of the body, with an increased frequency in the skin and soft tissues, being involved in pathologies like acne, folliculitis, furunculosis, hidradenitis suppurativa, cellulitis, abscesses, but also in secondary infections in diseases with an altered cutaneous barrier. The prolonged evolution of these diseases and severe outcome can be influenced by various factors, most importantly being the antimicrobial resistance. We have evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, according to the Comite de l` Antibiogramme de la Societe Francaise de Microbiologie recommendations, for strains of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from acne or different types of skin and soft tissue infections in patients recommended to receive autologous bacterial vaccine. Most frequent identified species was Staphylococcus epidermidis, followed by Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial resistance was higher for antibiotics usually used in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections, with interesting differences of the resistance profile for the strains isolated from patients before receiving autologous bacterial vaccine compared with the ones from individuals already treated. Another important finding was represented by the differences in the resistance profile according to the age group of the patients. The results of this study underline the importance of antimicrobial resistance surveillance in finding new molecules and alternative therapies, the necessity of a personalized approach in medical acts and of a continuous connection between clinic and laboratory research.

scholarly journals Distribution and Antimicrobial Activity of Fosfomycin in the Interstitial Fluid of Human Soft Tissues

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 2728-2732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Frossard ◽  
Christian Joukhadar ◽  
Boban M. Erovic ◽  
Peter Dittrich ◽  
Paulus E. Mrass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Interstitial Space ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACT Fosfomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic which is established as therapy for uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections. In addition, preliminary data indicate that fosfomycin has a potential role in the treatment of soft tissue infections. However, the use of fosfomycin has not been established for this condition, and it is unclear whether the level of fosfomycin penetration into human soft tissues is high enough to eradicate relevant pathogens. To better characterize the antibiotic potential of fosfomycin, we applied a combined in vivo pharmacokinetic-in vitro pharmacodynamic model to human volunteers. For this purpose fosfomycin concentrations in vivo in the fluid of the interstitial space of human soft tissues were measured by microdialysis following intravenous infusion of 4 or 8 g of fosfomycin (n = 6). Subsequently, bacterial isolates with relevance for soft tissue infections were exposed to concentrations according to the in vivo pharmacokinetic profile in the interstitial space fluid obtained by microdialysis. Our experiments indicated a high degree of soft tissue penetration for fosfomycin, with ratios of the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 8 h for muscle (AUC0–8muscle )/AUC0–8serum of 0.48 ± 0.08 and 0.53 ± 0.04 and ratios of AUC0–8adipose tissue /AUC0–8serum of 0.74 ± 0.12 and 0.71 ± 0.11 following administration of 4 and 8 g, respectively. In corresponding in vitro simulation experiments with selected isolates of Staphylococcus aureus,Enterobacter cloacae, and Serratia marcescensfor which MICs were 16 μg/ml, organisms were undetectable after a single dosing interval. Fosfomycin exhibits a strong ability to penetrate into the fluid of the interstitial space of soft tissues and reaches levels sufficient to substantially inhibit the growth of relevant bacteria at the target site. We therefore conclude that fosfomycin might qualify as an alternative candidate for the therapy of soft tissue infections.

scholarly journals Quantification of assembly forces during creation of head-neck taper junction considering soft tissue bearing: a biomechanical study

Arthroplasty ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni Wendler ◽  
Torsten Prietzel ◽  
Robert Möbius ◽  
Jean-Pierre Fischer ◽  
Andreas Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Biomechanical Study ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Head Neck

Abstract Background All current total hip arthroplasty (THA) systems are modular in design. Only during the operation femoral head and stem get connected by a Morse taper junction. The junction is realized by hammer blows from the surgeon. Decisive for the junction strength is the maximum force acting once in the direction of the neck axis, which is mainly influenced by the applied impulse and surrounding soft tissues. This leads to large differences in assembly forces between the surgeries. This study aimed to quantify the assembly forces of different surgeons under influence of surrounding soft tissue. Methods First, a measuring system, consisting of a prosthesis and a hammer, was developed. Both components are equipped with a piezoelectric force sensor. Initially, in situ experiments on human cadavers were carried out using this system in order to determine the actual assembly forces and to characterize the influence of human soft tissues. Afterwards, an in vitro model in the form of an artificial femur (Sawbones Europe AB, Malmo, Sweden) with implanted measuring stem embedded in gelatine was developed. The gelatine mixture was chosen in such a way that assembly forces applied to the model corresponded to those in situ. A study involving 31 surgeons was carried out on the aforementioned in vitro model, in which the assembly forces were determined. Results A model was developed, with the influence of human soft tissues being taken into account. The assembly forces measured on the in vitro model were, on average, 2037.2 N ± 724.9 N, ranging from 822.5 N to 3835.2 N. The comparison among the surgeons showed no significant differences in sex (P = 0.09), work experience (P = 0.71) and number of THAs performed per year (P = 0.69). Conclusions All measured assembly forces were below 4 kN, which is recommended in the literature. This could lead to increased corrosion following fretting in the head-neck interface. In addition, there was a very wide range of assembly forces among the surgeons, although other influencing factors such as different implant sizes or materials were not taken into account. To ensure optimal assembly force, the impaction should be standardized, e.g., by using an appropriate surgical instrument.

Initial Results On Medium Frequency Electromagnetic Field Penetration In Biological Soft Tissue

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulkarnay Zakaria ◽  
Mohd Fahajumi Jumaah ◽  
Mohd Saiful Badri Mansor ◽  
Khairi Mat Daud ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The Body ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Medium Frequency ◽  
Magnetic Field Penetration ◽  
Magnetic Induction Tomography ◽  
Field Penetration

Terapi merupakan antara teknik perubatan tertua dalam mengekalkan kesihatan badan terutama daripada aliran darah yang tidak baik, strok dan beberapa penyakit yang lain. Teknik ini termasuklah akupuntur, guasa dan juga urutan. Terdapat juga teknik terapi moden seperti terapi warna, terapi ozon, terapi dadah dan banyak lagi. Kertas kajian ini akan mengetengahkan penjana terapi elektromagnet, satu alat yang mempunyai potensi aplikasi terapi dalam bidang perubatan. Alat ini menghasilkan medan magnet berfrekuensi sederhana sebagai sumber terapi. Perkakasan yang berskala kecil berfrekuensi sederhana dan berkos rendah ini telah dibangunkan dan telah diuji pada tisu biologi bagi mengukur tahap ketembusan medan magnet. Ujian ini telah membuktikan bahawa medan magnet yang telah dihasilkan mampu menembusi tisu lembut bersaiz sehingga 2 cm dengan jarak 7 cm daripada sumber. Kebolehan penembusan sistem ini terhadap tisu lembut memberikan peluang yang cerah kepada kajian ini memandangkan medan magnet telah menunjukkan potensi sebagai sebahagian daripada terapi untuk memulihkan migraine, strok, kekejangan dan beberapa yang lain selain boleh diaplikasikan dalam pengimejan tomografi induksi magnet. Kata kunci: Terapi elektromagnet, medan magnet, penembusan, tisu lembut, aplikasi perubatan Therapy is among the oldest medication technique in maintaining the health of the body especially from bad blood circulation, stroke and several others. This technique includes acupuncture, guasa and also massage. There are also modern therapy techniques like colour therapy, water therapy, ozone therapy, drug therapy and others. This paper will highlight electromagnetic therapy generator, a device which has the potential of therapy application in medical field. This device produce medium frequency magnetic field as a therapy source. This small scale medium frequency and low cost hardware that has been developed was tested on the biological tissue for the purpose of measuring the magnetic field penetration. The testing has proven that the generated magnetic field is able to penetrate the soft tissue up to 2 cm with distance from the source up to 7 cm. The capability of the system penetrations through the soft tissues provide the bright future of this research since magnetic field have shown the potential as being part of the therapy for curing migraine, stroke, cramp and several others besides the application in the magnetic induction tomography imaging. Key words: Electromagnetic therapy, magnetic field, penetration, soft tissue; medical applications

scholarly journals Redefining Knee Balance in a Medially Stabilized Prosthesis: An In-Vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1165-1172
Author(s):  
Philippe Van Overschelde ◽  
Vera Pinskerova ◽  
Peter P. Koch ◽  
Christophe Fornasieri ◽  
Sandro Fucentese
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Lateral Release ◽  
Soft Tissue Release ◽  
Iliotibial Band ◽  
Soft Tissue Envelope ◽  
Medial Side ◽  
Fresh Frozen

Background: To date, there is still no consensus on what soft tissues must be preserved and what structures can be safely released during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with a medially stabilized implant. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of a progressive selective release of the medial and lateral soft tissues in a knee implanted with a medially stabilized prosthesis. Method: Six cadaveric fresh-frozen full leg specimens were tested. In each case, kinematic pattern and mediolateral laxity were measured in three stages: firstly, prior to implantation; secondly, after the implantation of the trial components, but before any soft tissue release; and thirdly, progressively as soft tissue was released with the trial implant in place. The incremental impact of each selective release on knee balance was then analyzed. Results: In all cases sagittal stability was not affected by the progressive release of the lateral soft tissue envelope. It was possible to perform progressive lateral release provided the anterior one-third of the iliotibial band (ITB) remained intact. Progressive medial release could be performed on the medial side provided the anterior fibers of the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) remained intact. Conclusion: The medially conforming implant remains stable provided the anterior fibers of sMCL and the anterior fibers of the ITB remain intact. The implant’s sagittal stability is mainly dependent on its medial ball-in-socket design.

Causative agents and antimicrobial resistance patterns of human skin and soft tissue infections in Bagamoyo, Tanzania

Acta Tropica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theckla Kazimoto ◽  
Salim Abdulla ◽  
Leah Bategereza ◽  
Omar Juma ◽  
Francis Mhimbira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Causative Agents

scholarly journals Temporal profile of antimicrobial resistance exhibited by strains of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from cases of bovine mastitis for 20 years (1992-2011)

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035-1041
Author(s):  
Ananda Paula Kowalski ◽  
Grazieli Maboni ◽  
Julia Pires Espindola ◽  
Ariane Foletto ◽  
Guerino Bandeira Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Records of in vitro susceptibility tests performed between 1992 and 2011 were retrospectively reviewed in order to evaluate the dynamic profiles of possible changes in antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from milk samples of cows with mastitis during two decades. The results of 2,430 isolates tested by disk diffusion technique for susceptibility to oxacillin, penicillin, ampicillin, cephalexin, norfloxacin, tetracycline, sulfazotrim, gentamicin, and neomycin were analysed. Comparisons were performed between the percentages of resistance to antimicrobials and their classes and also between the decades studied. Additionally, the possible tendency or changes in the behaviour of these pathogens against the major drugs used in the last two decades were evaluated using regression analysis. The highest rates of resistance (P<0.0001) were observed for the beta-lactams (34.3%), with exception of cephalexin (6.9%), and for the tetracyclines (28%). Similar resistance rates (7.6% to 15.7%) were observed among the other drugs. Regression analysis showed a reduction in resistance to penicillin and ampicillin throughout the period, whilst for oxacillin and neomycin a decrease in the resistance was observed during the first decade, followed by an increase. A trend towards decreased resistance was found for sulfazotrim, whereas for the other antimicrobials no decrease was observed. The results indicated no trend towards increased resistance for most antimicrobials tested. Nevertheless, it is necessary to monitor the resistance patterns of these pathogens in order to save these drugs as a therapeutic reserve

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