scholarly journals Ride Like the Wind

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-464
Author(s):  
Rod E. Wetsel ◽  
Steven K. DeWolf
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Early Years ◽  
First Century ◽  
New Era ◽  
Twenty First Century

The large-scale wind industry arrived in Texas in the early years of the twenty-first century with the intensity of a spring tornado. It was a welcome relief to farmers and ranchers beset by years of no rain and falling prices, and they lined up in droves to hear about and sign new wind leases. It was a new dawn for energy lawyers too. Gone were the days of one-on-one representation in the leasing of land. The new era required landowner attorneys to represent dozens or perhaps hundreds of people at a time. This is the story of the issues and challenges brought by the concurrent rise of wind development and multi-party wind lease negotiations in Texas.

Gang Research in the Twenty-First Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caylin Louis Moore ◽  
Forrest Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Criminological Theory ◽  
First Century ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
State Interventions ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Analytical Approaches

For nearly a century, gang scholarship has remained foundational to criminological theory and method. Twenty-first-century scholarship continues to refine and, in some cases, supplant long-held axioms about gang formation, organization, and behavior. Recent advances can be traced to shifts in the empirical social reality and conditions within which gangs exist and act. We draw out this relationship—between the ontological and epistemological—by identifying key macrostructural shifts that have transformed gang composition and behavior and, in turn, forced scholars to revise dominant theoretical frameworks and analytical approaches. These shifts include large-scale economic transformations, the expansion of punitive state interventions, the proliferation of the Internet and social media, intensified globalization, and the increasing presence of women and LGBTQ individuals in gangs and gang research. By introducing historically unprecedented conditions and actors, these developments provide novel opportunities to reconsider previous analyses of gang structure, violence, and other related objects of inquiry. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Criminology, Volume 5 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Body Surrogates: Mannequins, Life-Size Dolls, and Avatars

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Francesco Spampinato
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
First Century ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Material Conditions

One of the tropes of these early years of the twenty-first century is that of the avatar, a virtual representation of a human being used for entertainment, educational, technical, or scientific purposes. The avatar is a product of digital culture, but its origins are coeval with those of the human being and its evolution is affected by material conditions and the level of technology currently achieved by a given society. The origin of the word “avatar” has a spiritual connotation: It was associated with Hinduism and used to describe a deity who took a terrestrial form. More generally, however, whether in terms of religion or computing, we could define the avatar as a surrogate, a body—real or virtual—that replaces another.

Barbarism or Socialism: 1917–2017–2050 (?)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minqi Li
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
First Century ◽  
New Era ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
To Come

Two decades after the end of the Soviet Union, the global capitalist economy narrowly escaped total collapse in the ‘Great Recession’ of 2008–2009. The world in the twenty-first century has entered into a new era of crisis, which is economic, political and environmental. What will happen between now and the mid-twenty-first century that may shape and largely determine the future of humanity for centuries to come. On the occasion of the centennial anniversary of the October Revolution, this article re-evaluates the trajectory of the twentieth century socialism and identifies its legacies. It also considers the unique character of contemporary contradictions and argues that the formation of new industrial working classes may fatally undermine the system’s political legitimacy and raise again the ‘spectre of communism’ that Marx and Engels predicted, this time not only in Europe but also in the entire globe.

Vertical Arrangements

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-151
Author(s):  
Rex Ahdar
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
First Century ◽  
Resale Price Maintenance ◽  
Exclusive Dealing ◽  
Dominant Firms ◽  
Resale Price ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Price Maintenance

Then law governing vertical arrangements is a comparatively undeveloped area in NZ competition law. With only resale price maintenance (RPM) expressly prohibited by the Act, it has fallen to the general prohibitions on anticompetitive arrangements and monopolization to address traditional antitrust mischiefs such as exclusive dealing and tying. The leading case on exclusive dealing was heavily influenced by Chicagoan thinking to the degree that the courts gave the green light to durable distribution arrangements that countenanced foreclosure on a large scale and were plainly anti-competitive. However, the few cases on tying have been more fruitful insofar as remedies have been granted to rectify blatant leveraging by dominant firms into related markets. A period of active enforcement of RPM by the Commerce Commission marked the first decade, but the swathe of prosecutions dried up as the twenty-first century began.

scholarly journals Anatomy of Complex System Research

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Xinyue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
First Century ◽  
System Research ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Academic Fields ◽  
Large Scale Dataset ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Positive Correlations

Complex systems play important roles in science and economy and have become one of the major intellectual and scientific challenges of the twenty-first century. However, the way complex system research connects to other academic fields is much less well understood, with only anecdotal evidence. In this work, we present an anatomy of complex system research by leveraging a large-scale dataset that contains more than 100 million digitalized publications. First, we find that complex system research shows a steady growth relative to the whole science in the last 60 years, with a sudden burst after 2000, which might be related to the development of computational technologies. Although early complex system study shows strong referencing behaviors to mathematics and physics, it couples significantly with computer science in the twenty-first century and affects engineering strongly. Moreover, we find empirical evidence that complex system research tends to have multidisciplinary nature, as it is often inspired by or affects a diverse set of disciplines. Finally, we find significant positive correlations between fields’ reference broadness and future scientific impacts. Overall, our findings are consistent with several characteristics of complex system research, i.e., its multidisciplinary, quantitative, and computational nature, and may have broad policy implications for supporting and nurturing multidisciplinary research.

scholarly journals Two Major Economic Crises in the Early Twenty-First Century and their Impact on Central Bank Independence

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Dabrowski
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
First Century ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
Government Bonds ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

Abstract Two major economic crises in the early twenty-first century have had a serious impact on monetary policy and CB independence. Disruption in financial intermediation and associated deflationary pressures caused by the global financial crisis of 2007–2009 and European financial crisis of 2010–2015 pushed central banks (CBs) in major currency areas towards adoption of unconventional monetary policy measures, including large-scale purchase of government bonds (quantitative easing). The same approach has been taken by CBs in response to the COVID-19 crisis in 2020 even if the characteristics of this crisis differ from the previous one. As a result of both crises, CBs have become major holders of government bonds and de facto – main creditors of governments. Against rapidly deteriorating fiscal balances, CBs have become hostages of fiscal policies, which compromises their independence. Risks to the CB independence also come from their additional mandates (beyond price stability) and populist political pressures.

Religion and Book Cultures in America

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Hedstrom
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
First Century ◽  
Forthcoming Article ◽  
Joseph Smith ◽  
Institutional Authority ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
A Site

This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion. Please check back later for the full article. At the center of the long, intertwined history of religion and books in America from the early seventeenth century to the early twenty-first century is the dynamic interplay of Protestantism and print in American culture. The Protestant doctrine of sola scriptura energized the publication of Bibles in vernacular languages. The first large-scale publishing project in North America was John Eliot’s Algonquin Bible of 1663. From these beginnings, though the nineteenth-century Bible and tract societies, to the Christian Booksellers Association of the early twenty-first century, the story of Protestant community life and evangelism in America has been inseparable from the Protestant drive to control and disseminate print. Protestantism shaped both American religious history and the history of American reading, as the drive for mass literacy in New England and the early public school movement were largely driven by the religious imperative to access the Word. Yet all along, print has also served as a site of religious conflict and a tool of religious innovation. These conflicts can be tracked through the writings of Thomas Paine, Joseph Smith, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and other religious dissenters and innovators, structured around four large themes: the relationship between scriptural and nonscriptural forms of print; the role of print in bolstering institutional authority on one hand and in undermining authority on the other; the gendered dimensions of reading, literacy, and authorship; and print as commodity and therefore as a site where market dynamics shape religion with particular potency.

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