scholarly journals Analytical indicators of observation.The year-by-year lethality of patients at each year

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Vakhtang Merabishvili
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Registry ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Process Stage ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
The North ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Russian Federation

Year-by-year lethality – the lethality of patients with malignant tumors in each year of observation - an indicator that determines the risk of death of patients, depending on the localization of tumors. Lethality of patients in the first year of follow-up includes posthumously registered patients with malignant tumors, and is the inverse criterion to the indicator of one-year observed survival. In subsequent years, the calculation of year-by-year lethality is carried out without posthumously registered patients. It is important to note that the calculation of partial mortality rates is carried out only for the number of patients who died from malignant tumors. It is necessary to exclude patients who have dropped out of observation at each year of observation. Calculation of the year-by-year lethality indicator is possible only if there are at least 100 primary registered patients. In February 2019, we created the database of the Population cancer registry. The North-Western Federal district (NWFD)of the Russian Federation, which includes more than 1 million patients (1211891 patients with posthumously registered patients and 1071112 cases without posthumously registered patients). Only reliable data was selected for development, the number of which was almost 10% less. In 2020, the database of the Population cancer registry of the NWFD of the Russian Federation increased by 73054 cases. We used the updated database in this study. The observation period is from 1994 to 2020. The year-by-year lethality study was conducted in total for all ICD-10 categories for the C00-96 neoplasm class. DB analysis showed that in the NWFD of the Russian Federation, the proportion of posthumously registered patients decreased from 1995 to 2018 (both sexes) from 21.1 to 8.1%. For 1995 – 1999, 2000 – 2004, the year-by-year lethality was calculated for 10 years of observation, the period 2005-2009 covered the year-by-year lethality for 7 years of observation, 2005-2009 for 5 years. We have considered the specifics of year-by-year lethality separately for men and women, for people from 0-34, 35-59, 60 years and older. We pay special attention to year-by-year lethality for patients with localized (stage I and II of the disease) and widespread process (stage III and IV, including patients without the specified stage of the disease, which, as a rule, by the level of survival belong to stage III and IV of the disease).

MORBIDITY, MORTALITY AND RELIABILITY OF ACCOUNTING OF PATIENTS OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS WITH LIVER CANCER IN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 240-245
Author(s):  
В. М. Мерабишвили ◽  
В. К. Гуркало ◽  
Э. Н. Мерабишвили
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Cancer Register ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
North Western

Рак печени (РП) - тяжелейшая онкопатология. В России смертность превышает число первично-учтенных больных в среднем. Ежегодно в России регистрируют более 8 тыс. (8 810 - в 2018 г.) случаев рака печени и более 10 тыс. (10 018 - в 2018 г.) случаев смерти от этой причины. Использованы стандартные методы медицинской статистики, все зарегистрированные первичные случаи РП в России. Углубленная разработка материала проведена на основе базы данных Популяционного ракового регистра Северо-Западного Федерального округа РФ. Проанализированы данные всего комплекса доступной информации в целом по России. Установлен прирост заболеваемости РП населения России за 18 лет в «грубых» показателях и абсолютных числах на 20% и в стандартизованных - на 1,22%. У женщин отмечено снижение учтенных случаев РП на 4,55%. Смертность населения России в стандартизованных показателях снизилась за 18 лет практически на 3%. Превышение числа умерших над заболевшими от РП существенно возрастает в старших возрастных группах. Индекс достоверности учета (ИДУ) - это отношение абсолютных чисел или «грубых» показателей смертности населения к заболеваемости. Для всех злокачественных новообразований (ЗНО) величина в среднем по России составила 0,47, практически совпадающая со среднеевропейской. ИДУ у мужчин - 0,55, выше расчетных показателей для женщин - 0,40, что в первую очередь связано с более благоприятной структурой заболеваемости женщин ЗНО. Медиана выживаемости первичных больных РП составляет немногим более 3 мес. Пятилетняя выживаемость больных РП даже на ранних стадиях составляет у лиц моложе 60 лет с I стадией - 25,3%, старше 60 лет - только 17,2%, со II стадией - 17,9 и 11% соответственно. Liver cancer is a severe oncopathology. Mortality exceeds the number of primary-accounted patients in Russia on average. Every year in Russia more than eight thousand (8 810 in 2018) cases of liver cancer and more than 10 000 (10 018 in 2018) deaths from this cause are registered. Used Standard methods of medical statistics, all registered primary cases of liver cancer in Russia. In-depth development of the material was carried out on the basis of the database of the Population cancer register of the North-Western Federal district of the Russian Federation. The analysis of the data of the whole complex of available information in Russia as a whole is carried out. In-depth data development was carried out on the basis of the database of the Population cancer register of the North-Western Federal district of the Russian Federation. The increase in the incidence of liver cancer in Russia over 18 years in «rough» indicators and absolute numbers by 20 % and in standardized by 1,22 % was established. In women, there was a decrease in reported cases of liver cancer by 4,55 %. The mortality rate of the Russian population in standardized indicators has decreased by almost 3 % over 18 years. The excess of the number of deaths over those from liver cancer increases significantly in older age groups. The index of reliability of accounting is the ratio of absolute numbers or «rough» indicators of mortality to morbidity. For all malignant tumors, its value on average in Russia was 0,47, almost coinciding with the average European. The index of reliability of accounting for men is 0,55, higher than the calculated indicators for women - 0,40, which is primarily due to a more favorable structure of the incidence of malignant tumors in women. The median survival of primary liver cancer patients is a little more than three months. The fi ve-year survival rate of patients with liver cancer even in the early stages is in the first among persons younger than 60 years - 25,3 %, over 60 years - only 17,2 %, in the second, respectively, 17,9 and 11%.

THE FIRST RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE CANCER SERVICE OF THE NORTH-WESTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, CONDUCTED ON THE BASIS OF THE CREATED POPULATION CANCER REGISTER OF THE FEDERAL DISTRICT

2020 ◽  
pp. 228-239
Author(s):  
В. М. Мерабишвили ◽  
А. М. Беляев
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Cancer Service ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
North Western

Полностью сформированная база данных Популяционного ракового регистра (БД ПРР) Северо-Западного Федерального округа Российской Федерации (СЗФО РФ) в феврале 2019 г. позволила существенно расширить возможности объективной оценки деятельности онкологической службы на более надежной основе аналитических материалов. В России впервые появилась возможность проводить эпидемиологические исследования злокачественных новообразований по редким локализациям опухолей, любым возрастным группам и расчеты показателей выживаемости больных. БД ПРР насчитывает более 1 млн наблюдений, включает все рубрики и подрубрики МКБ-10 по II классу - коды С00-96. В работе представлена динамика заболеваемости и смертности населения СЗФО РФ в сравнении со среднероссийскими показателями, достоверность учета и выживаемость больных злокачественными новообразованиями. Установлено увеличение онкологической заболеваемости в СЗФО РФ за 8 лет на 10,4% в стандартизованных показателях и снижение смертности населения в СЗФО РФ на 11,4% в тех же показателях. Рассчитана динамика пятилетней наблюдаемой выживаемости больных СЗФО РФ с учетом возрастных групп. Надежность БД ПРР СЗФО РФ подтверждается тем, что материалы трех административных территорий после тщательной проверки включены в монографию МАИР «Рак на 5 континентах», том XI (Санкт-Петербург, Архангельская обл. и Республика Карелия). The completely formed database of the Population Cancer Registry (PCR database) of the North-Western Federal district of the Russian Federation in February 2019 has significantly expanded the ability to objectively assess the activities of the cancer service on a more reliable basis of analytical materials. In Russia, for the first time, it was possible to conduct epidemiological studies of malignant tumors for rare tumor locations, any age groups, and calculations of patient survival rates. The PCR database has more than 1 million observations and includes all the headings and subheadings of ICD-10 for class II - codes C00-96. The article will present the dynamics of morbidity and mortality of the population of the northwestern Federal district of the Russian Federation in comparison with the national average, the reliability of accounting and survival of patients with malignant tumors. For 8 years, the growth of cancer incidence in the Northwestern Federal district of the Russian Federation by 10,4 % in standardized indicators and a decrease in population mortality in the Northwestern Federal district of the Russian Federation by 11,4 % in the same indicators. The dynamics of the 5-year observed survival rate of patients with Northwestern Federal district of the Russian Federation, taking into account age groups, is calculated. The reliability of the PCR database of the Northwestern Federal district of the Russian Federation is confirmed by the fact that the materials of 3 administrative territories are included in the IARC monograph «Cancer incidence in five continents. Vol. XI» (Saint-Petersburg, Arkhangelsk region and the Republic of Karelia).

scholarly journals Structure of Oncological Pathology and Survival of Patients with Malignant Tumors of the Eye and Adnexa (C69) Taking into Account Sex, Age and Histological Characteristics (Population Study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-583
Author(s):  
V. M. Merabishvili ◽  
E. N. Merabishvili
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Cancer Register ◽  
The North ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
North Western

Objective. In February 2019, we completed work on creating a unified database of the population cancer registry of the NorthWestern Federal district of the Russian Federation. The development of data on the material of a large area significantly increases the reliability of the material under study, especially for RARE localities of malignant tumors, which include tumors of the eye and and adnexa.For the first time in Russia to present an analysis of the effectiveness of anti-cancer activities in relation to malignant tumors of the eye and adnexa (C69) at the Federal district level with calculations of 5-year survival rates of patients taking into account sex, age and histological structure of tumors.Methods. The development of the 5-year survival rate of patients with malignant tumors of the eye (C69) included information from the database created by us Population cancer register of all administrative territories of the North-Western Federal district of Russia for the period from 1999 to 2013, more than 1000 observations (1022).Results. The study revealed a positive dynamics of survival in patients of the North-Western Federal district of Russia with malignant tumors of the eye. The 5-year survival rate increased among males from 58.8 to 63.1 %, and among females from 64.7 to 69.6 %. A significant overestimation of the proportion of early stages among primary patients with malignant tumors of the eye and adnexa (C69) was found, which may be due to medical errors. Calculations of patient survival (with careful tracking of the deceased) allow us to get a more objective picture.Conclusion. Excellent achievements in the treatment of patients of advanced research centers and institutes can be welcomed only if similar successes are recorded at the population level and are available to all patients. Our in-depth development of population data in the Federal district confirmed the success in the treatment of patients with the malignant tumors of the eye and adnexa (C69), and the patterns we found first in the database of the Population cancer register of St. Petersburg, and now in the North-Western Federal district of the Russian Federation. Similar studies in other Federal districts could be an important component in the planning, monitoring and evaluation of anti-cancer measures in relation to the malignant tumors of the eye and adnexa (C69).

scholarly journals Epidemiology, index of accuracy, histological structure, year-by-year lethality and survival of patients with malignant melanoma. Population study – part I

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 630-637
Author(s):  
Vakhtang Merabishvili ◽  
Elvira Merabishvili
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Cancer Registry ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Federal District ◽  
District Level ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
The Russian Federation

Malignant melanoma of the skin (MMS) is one of the many types of skin tumors that consists of three layers – the epidermis, dermis and hypoderma. MMS develops from melanocyte cells located in the basal layer of the epidermis and producing the pigment melanin. The melanocyte is a dangerous and vindictive cell, it remembers all sunburns and accumulates them. It is the melanin that gives the skin a brown hue as a result of insolation. It also determines the skin color of African-Americans. Birthmarks are also examples of a cluster of melanocytes. In the structure of cancer incidence in economically developed countries, MMS occupies a fairly modest place, but over the past 30 – 40 years, there has been an unfavorable trend. In Russia, MMS is not even among the top ten main localities of malignant tumors, its even smaller share in the overall structure of malignant tumors in Russia was in the 80s of the XX century. Until 1982, state reporting did not provide a set of data on the MMS in the USSR and in Russia, including. At our suggestion, in 1982, the Ministry of health of the USSR decided to allocate a separate line in the state reporting for malignant tumors. In this study, along with assessing the prevalence of MMS in the world and Russia, we focused on the in-depth development of materials for the North-Western Federal district, mainly based on data from the established population cancer registry (PCR). For many years, the analysis of cancer incidence and survival of patients with malignant tumors was carried out by us on the basis of the PCR of St. Petersburg. In February 2019, the first cancer registry at the Federal district level appeared in Russia – PCR of the NWFD of the Russian Federation. As of 01.02.2019, the PCR of the NWFD of the Russian Federation had more than 1 million cases of malignant tumors (1,067,661), including more than 20,000 (21,428) with MMS (2.0%). The PI on the Federal district level allows for in-depth development of the dynamics of localization and histological structure of malignant tumors fourth sign of ICD–10 to study the characteristics of prevalence and survival of patients malignant tumors in any part of the localization structures (lips, ear, trunk, upper and lower extremities, etc.) that cannot be done on the basis of public reporting, and provide analysis of survival of patients of any localization.

scholarly journals Seasonal and regional features of the distribution of rotavirus incidence in the Russian Federation

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-54
Author(s):  
A. T Podkolzin ◽  
D. E Kurochkina ◽  
G. A Shipulin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Federal District ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccines ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region

In the work there was performed an analysis of the indices of recorded incidence of rotavirus infection (RVI) in the territory of 40 subjects of the Russian Federation for the period 2008-2012. For the identification of the monthly peak of the incidence there was evaluated the temporal distribution of the relative indices of the RVI incidence within each subject of the observation. There was revealed the independent beginning of the winter-spring seasonal rise of the RVI incidence in three groups of territories of the Russian Federation (1 - Kirov, Kostroma, Nizhny Novgorod region; 2- Republic of Khakassia, Kemerovo region; 3 - Amur region). In the territory of the South and the North Caucasus Federal District (Krasnodarsky and Stavropolsky Krai, Rostov region) there was noted the second, summer-autumn seasonal rise in the RVI incidence. The obtained data provide an overview of the seasonal-geographical distribution of the RVI incidence in the territory of Russia in conditions of the absence of the use of rotavirus vaccines

scholarly journals Constitutional reform 2020 and problems of protection of rights and freedoms of human and citizen in Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
N. А. Gazimagomedova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article discusses the problems of further improving the theory and legislation of constitutional law, as well as the practice of ensuring and protecting human and civil rights and freedoms in the Russian Federation based on the novels of the constitutional reform of 2020. All-Russian requirements in the regions of the North Caucasian Federal District.

scholarly journals Stages of the objective assessment system development for the activities of the oncological service in Russia and the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation (morbidity, mortality, index accuracy, annual mortality, median survival, observed and relative survival of patients with malignant tumors). Part II

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vakhtang Merabishvili ◽  
Alexey M. Belyaev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Oncology Research ◽  
The Russian Federation

To plan anti-cancer measures and to correctly manage its condition, it is necessary to use only reliable sources of its formation. For this purpose, a system of Population-based or territorial Cancer Registries (PCR) has been created in Russia. The first Registry was the St. Petersburg PCR, created by us in 1993, which became the school of methodological preparation of the system in the administrative territories of Russia. The corresponding Order No. 420 of April, 19, 1996 issued by the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation has legitimized a new organizational structure and entrusted it with the supervision of the P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute. Unfortunately, to date, the PCR databases are not used, when creating state reports, analytical developments on the PCR database are either not conducted, or are used extremely rarely. The only exception was the St. Petersburg PCR, and now the entire Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation (NWFD RF) and 6 more administrative territories operating under our programs. The materials of the real state of the oncological service, prepared on the basis of the St. Petersburg PCR database, have been published by us in more than 20 monographs in St. Petersburg and the Northwestern Federal District of Russia. In this paper, we present the dynamics of analytical indicators calculated according to the PCR database, which sharply differ from the data of the Form No. 7 Annual Reports. The calculated indicators are close to the European average and have a positive trend.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Situation on Tick-Borne Borreliosis in the Russian Federation in 2019 Compared to the Period of 2002–2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
S. A. Rudakova ◽  
N. A. Pen’evskaya ◽  
A. I. Blokh ◽  
D. A. Savel’ev ◽  
O. E. Teslova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
North West ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The North ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Objective: to analyze the epidemiological situation on Ixodidae tick-borne borreliosis in the Russian Federation in 2019 in comparison with the period of 2002–2018.Materials and methods. The paper uses the data contained in Form No. 2 of the state statistical reporting for 2002–2019 and information obtained by the Reference Center for Monitoring Borreliosis of the Omsk Research Institute of Natural Focal Infections from 74 constituent entities of Russia in 2019. The main research method is epidemiological one with the use of modern information technologies.Results and discussion. In Russia, 8048 cases of tick-borne borreliosis (Lyme disease – LD) were recorded (5.48 0/0000) in 2019. The actual indicators of the LD incidence for the whole country and federal districts (FD) in 2019 were within the confidence limits predicted with linear regression based on the study of the dynamics of the epidemic process in 2002–2018 in the vast majority of cases. A steady upward trend in the LD incidence was observed during 2002–2019 in the Central Federal District due to 10 out of 18 entities (Moscow, Belgorod, Lipetsk, Moscow, Bryansk, Voronezh, Kursk, Ryazan, Tambov, Tula regions); in the Southern Federal District because of the Krasnodar Territory and the Volgograd Region; in the North Caucasus Federal District – because of the Stavropol Territory. Despite the fact that a downward trend in the incidence of LD has been established over the past 18 years in the North-West, Volga and Ural Federal Districts, in some subjects of these regions a trend towards an aggravation of the epidemiological situation is observed (the Komi Republic and Chuvashia, Penza Region). In the absence of a pronounced tendency to change in the incidence rate of LD in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts, Kemerovo Region-Kuzbass, the Republic of Tuva and the Trans-Baikal Territory where a growing trend has been identified require special attention. In the Ural and Siberian Federal Districts, the share of non-erythema forms among laboratory-confirmed cases of LD was higher than in other regions, which merits further study of the genome-specific features of borrelia populations and their carriers. Effective control of the LD epidemiological situation in Russia is possible provided that the control is improved and maintained, and the capacity of preventive measures and zoological-entomological monitoring of the activity and structure of the natural foci of LD is enhanced in the entities with the long-term tendency towards increase in the incidence of the disease. 

scholarly journals Ecologically oriented humanitarian education managementin the context of the Russian federation subject’s boarder territories sustainable development

2020 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 09041
Author(s):  
Y.V. Dmitrieva ◽  
G.A. Galkovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Educational Technologies ◽  
The North ◽  
Pskov Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study ◽  
North Western

This article presents the results of an interdisciplinary study aimed at identifying the effectiveness of introducing productive educational technologies into the system of ecologically oriented higher education in the Humanities. The system of higher humanitarian education is viewed in the context of sustainable development of the Russian Federation border territories (on the example of the Pskov Region). The author’s solution for the development of higher humanitarian education in the context of sustainable development of the border territories of the North-Western Federal District is presented.

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