Study of Riamilovir Activity Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection In Syrian Hamsters

The activity of the antimetabolic drug Riamilovir (Triazavirin®) was studied on a model of SARS-CoV-2 infection on Syrian hamsters. Infectious process was caused by the intranasal administration of the virus accumulated in the Vero-B culture with a concentration of 4.25×104 TCID50, in a volume of 26 µl/hamster. The eﬀects of the drug at a dose of 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally daily in the midst of the infectious process were traced to accelerate the clearance of the virus in the lungs, prevent body weight loss and the severity of pulmonary edema, as well as preserve the mass of the spleen. The protective eﬀects of Riamilovir on the structure of the lungs and brain are shown, it is suggested that the drug has the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. It was concluded that Riamilovir has antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2.

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The B.1.427/1.429 (epsilon) SARS-CoV-2 variants are more virulent than ancestral B.1 (614G) in Syrian hamsters

10.1101/2021.08.25.457626 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Timothy Carroll ◽

Douglas Fox ◽

Neeltje van Doremalen ◽

Erin Ball ◽

Mary Kate Morris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Relative Fitness ◽

Lung Pathology ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Hamster Model ◽

Syrian Hamsters

As novel SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge, it is critical that their potential to cause severe disease and evade vaccine-induced immunity is rapidly assessed in humans and studied in animal models. In early January 2021, a novel variant of concern (VOC) designated B.1.429 comprising 2 lineages, B.1.427 and B.1.429, was originally detected in California (CA) and shown to enhance infectivity in vitro and decrease antibody neutralization by plasma from convalescent patients and vaccine recipients. Here we examine the virulence, transmissibility, and susceptibility to pre-existing immunity for B 1.427 and B 1.429 in the Syrian hamster model. We find that both strains exhibit enhanced virulence as measured by increased body weight loss compared to hamsters infected with ancestral B.1 (614G), with B.1.429 causing the most body weight loss among all 3 lineages. Faster dissemination from airways to parenchyma and more severe lung pathology at both early and late stages were also observed with B.1.429 infections relative to B.1. (614G) and B.1.427 infections. In addition, subgenomic viral RNA (sgRNA) levels were highest in oral swabs of hamsters infected with B.1.429, however sgRNA levels in lungs were similar in all three strains. This demonstrates that B.1.429 replicates to higher levels than ancestral B.1 (614G) or B.1.427 in the upper respiratory tract (URT) but not in the lungs. In multi-virus in-vivo competition experiments, we found that epsilon (B.1.427/B.1.429) and gamma (P.1) dramatically outcompete alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351) and zeta (P.2) in the lungs. In the URT gamma, and epsilon dominate, but the highly infectious alpha variant also maintains a moderate size niche. We did not observe significant differences in airborne transmission efficiency among the B.1.427, B.1.429 and ancestral B.1 (614G) variants in hamsters. These results demonstrate enhanced virulence and high relative fitness of the epsilon (B.1.427/B.1.429) variant in Syrian hamsters compared to an ancestral B.1 (614G) strain.

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1965-P: Glucagon Receptor Agonism Stimulates Body Weight Loss in Antibiotic Treatment in Obese Mice

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db19-1965-p ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 1965-P

Author(s):

TEAYOUN KIM ◽

JESSICA P. ANTIPENKO ◽

SHELLY NASON ◽

NATALIE PRESEDO ◽

WILLIAM J. VAN DER POL ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Antibiotic Treatment ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Obese Mice ◽

Glucagon Receptor

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Relation between change in treatment for central diabetes insipidus and body weight loss

Minerva Endocrinologica ◽

10.23736/s0391-1977.18.02718-9 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ayako Ito ◽

Aya Nozaki ◽

Ichiro Horie ◽

Takao Ando ◽

Atsushi Kawakami

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Diabetes Insipidus ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Central Diabetes Insipidus

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Responder analysis of subjects achieving HbA1c reduction ≥1% and body weight loss ≥5% across SUSTAIN 1–5 clinical trials

10.26226/morressier.59d51847d462b80296ca3c25 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Ho Thien

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Responder Analysis

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Prognostic value of body weight loss and tissue components in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction

UMJ Heart & Vessels ◽

10.30978/hv2019-3-34 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 0 (3) ◽

pp. 34-42

Author(s):

L. G. Voronkov ◽

K. V. Voitsekhovska ◽

S. V. Fedkiv ◽

V. I. Koval

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Chronic Heart Failure ◽

Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Left Ventricular Ejection ◽

Ventricular Ejection Fraction

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Chemicals Causing 10% or Greater Body Weight Loss in F344 Strains of Rats

Chemical Effects in Biological Systems (CEBS) ◽

10.22427/ntp-data-022-00002-0027-000-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Weight Loss

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Isoquinoline Alkaloids in Sows’ Diet Reduces Body Weight Loss during Lactation and Increases IgG in Colostrum

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11082195 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2195

Author(s):

Ester Arévalo Sureda ◽

Xuemei Zhao ◽

Valeria Artuso-Ponte ◽

Sophie-Charlotte Wall ◽

Bing Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Muscle Thickness ◽

Passive Immunity ◽

Isoquinoline Alkaloids ◽

Back Muscle ◽

Fat Thickness ◽

And Performance

Isoquinoline alkaloids (IQ) exert beneficial antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects in livestock. Therefore, we hypothesized that supplementing sows’ diets with IQ during gestation would decrease farrowing stress, affecting the piglets’ development and performance. Sows were divided into: IQ1, supplemented with IQ from gestation day 80 (G80) to weaning; IQ2, supplemented from gestation day 110 (G110) to weaning, and a non-supplemented (NC) group. Sow body weight (BW), feed intake, back-fat thickness and back-muscle thickness were monitored. Cortisol, glucose and insulin were measured in sows’ blood collected 5 d before, during, and after 7 d farrowing. Protein, fat, IgA and IgG were analyzed in the colostrum and milk. Piglets were monitored for weight and diarrhea score, and for ileum histology and gene expression 5 d post-weaning. IQ-supplemented sows lost less BW during lactation. Glucose and insulin levels were lower in the IQ groups compared to NC-sows 5 d before farrowing and had higher levels of protein and IgG in their colostrum. No other differences were observed in sows, nor in the measured parameters in piglets. In conclusion, IQ supplementation affected sows’ metabolism, reducing body weight loss during lactation. Providing IQ to sows from their entrance into the maternity barn might be sufficient to induce these effects. IQ improved colostrum quality, increasing the protein and IgG content, improving passive immunity for piglets.

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