Prevalence, Maternal Outcome, Placental Changes and It’s Correlation with Perinatal Outcome in Unbooked Patient’s of Iron Deficiency Anemia During Third Trimester

Aim. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between iron deficiency anemia and small for gestational age (SGA) in early third trimester pregnancies. Methods. A total of 4800 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed retrospectively. We included pregnant women who had iron deficiency anemia between 26+0 and 30+0 weeks of gestation and delivered singletons between 37+0 and 41+6 weeks of gestation. Patients were divided into four groups according to anemia level: (1) hemoglobin (Hb) < 7 mg/dl (n = 80), (2) Hb 7–9.9 mg/dl (n = 320), (3) Hb 10–10.9 mg/dl (n = 1300), and (4) Hb > 11 mg/dl (n = 3100, control group). The primary outcome of this study was the presence of SGA. Results. The demographic and obstetric characteristics were similar among all the groups. Maternal age, BMI <30 kg/m2, nulliparity rates, and previous cesarean delivery rates were similar among groups. Ethnicity was significantly different in the severe and moderate anemia groups (<0.001). Mean fetal weight was 2900 ± 80 g in the severe anemia group, 3050 ± 100 g in the moderate anemia group, 3350 ± 310 g in the mild anemia group, and 3400 ± 310 g in the control group. Fetal weight was significantly lower in the severe and moderate anemia groups compared to the mild anemia and control groups (<0.001). The SGA rate was 18.7% in the severe anemia group, 12.1% in the moderate anemia group, 5.3% in the mild anemia group, and 4.9% in the control group. SGA was significantly higher in the severe and moderate anemia groups compared to the mild anemia and control groups (<0.001). Conclusion. The results of this study indicated that early third trimester severe and moderate iron deficiency anemia was associated with SGA. Iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women may lead to low birth weight.

Download Full-text

Analysis of the iron profile and the incidence of iron deficiency anemia in the third-trimester pregnant women in the coendemic areas of Bengkulu City, Indonesia

Journal of Public Health in Africa ◽

10.4081/jphia.2019.1197 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Zulkarnain ◽

Rizka Muliani ◽

Rico Januar Sitorus ◽

Nurlaili Nurlaili

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Total Sample ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

P Value ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Third

Pregnant women are at risk for iron deficiency anemia especially pregnant women in malaria-endemic areas. This study aimed to analyze the profile of iron in the third trimester pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia in co-endemic area of Bengkulu city. This study was cross-sectional study with a total sample of 66 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria. Examination profile of iron in pregnant women is done by taking blood specimen through the vena cubity. Profile iron includes examination sTfR levels, hepcidin, transferrin were examined by ELISA. Determination of iron deficiency anemia is based on the results of Hb, serum iron and TIBC. The results showed 39.4% of pregnant women experience iron deficiency anemia. There is an average difference between hepcidin levels with the incidence of iron deficiency anemia (p-value 0.031). Based on binary logistic regression analysis profile iron with irondeficiency anemia in pregnant women, hepcidin levels are predictors factors on the incidence of iron deficiency anemia (p-value 0.000, 95% CI .296-.709).

Download Full-text

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) in Pregnant Women of Different Ages in Swat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

10.20944/preprints201701.0126.v1 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Atta Ullah ◽

Ali Muhammad Yousafzai ◽

Gul Nabi Khan ◽

Nasir Iqbal ◽

Bashir Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Serum Ferritin ◽

Serum Iron ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Age Group ◽

Second Trimester ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Hb Concentration

Abstract: The aim of this study was to find out the incidence of anemia in pregnant women of Swat District; to analyze the iron variations and its dietary effects.Data were collected during the periods of January – September 2016. The study of samples comprised of 250 pregnant women in the different trimester. Blood sample from each woman was collected and full blood count (FBC) was conducted through Mindray BC-3000 plus hem analyzer for all pregnant individuals. Confirmed anemic cases were then examined for IDA with serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) through Randox kit and serum transferrin saturation was estimated by formula (serum ferritin saturation =serum iron ×100/TIBC). The total number of participants in the first trimester were 50, among them 26 women were suffer from iron deficiency anemia (IDA) with 52% weightage of prevalence rate, (mean Hb concentration 9.602 ± 0.87 g/dl). The rates of IDA were 63.3%; ( mean Hb concentration 8.48 ± 1.24 g/dl) and 54%; ( mean Hb concentration 9.18 ± 1.28 g/dl), among 150 and 50 participants in the second and third trimester, respectively. A significant correlation was found between serum ferritin and Hb, serum ferritin against MCV and serum ferritin against MCH. The high prevalence of anemia was found 78.2% in the age group from 26-30 followed by 78.2% in the age group 36-40 years compared to those of other age groups in the second trimester. In this study the prevalence of IDA in third trimester is lower compared to first and second trimester.

Download Full-text

Efficacy and safety of adjuvant recombinant human erythropoietin and ferrous sulfate as treatment for iron deficiency anemia during the third trimester of pregnancy

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology ◽

10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.08.004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 205 ◽

pp. 32-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Luis Rodrigo Sanchez-Gonzalez ◽

Simón Enrique Castro-Melendez ◽

Alejandra Cristina Angeles-Torres ◽

Nohemi Castro-Cortina ◽

Alfredo Escobar-Valencia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Ferrous Sulfate ◽

Recombinant Human Erythropoietin ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Third Trimester ◽

The Third ◽

Human Erythropoietin

Download Full-text

A National Survey of Iron and Folate Status in Pregnant Women in Switzerland

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.71.5.268 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 71 (5) ◽

pp. 268-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Sonja Y. Hess ◽

Michael B. Zimmermann ◽

Silvia Brogli ◽

Richard F. Hurrell

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

National Sample ◽

Serum Folate ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Folate Status ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia ◽

Low Serum

Women often do not meet the increased iron and folate needs of pregnancy. Maternal iron-deficiency anemia is associated with poor maternal and infant outcomes, including preterm delivery and low birth weight. Poor folate status increases risk for maternal anemia, spontaneous abortion, and congenital defects. Because of this, supplemental iron and folate are often recommended during pregnancy. There are few data on iron and folate status in pregnant women in Switzerland. We measured iron and folate status in a national sample of Swiss pregnant women, estimated the prevalence of anemia, and determined if supplement use is associated with iron and/or folate status in this group. A 3-stage probability to size cluster sampling method was used to obtain a representative national sample of pregnant women (n = 381) in the second and third trimester. We measured hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and serum folate and ferritin concentrations. Serum transferrin receptor concentration was determined in anemic subjects. The use of iron and folate supplements was evaluated by questionnaire. Mean hemoglobin (± SD) in the sample was 123 g/L (± 1.0). The prevalence of anemia was 6%. Of the 21 anemic women, 11 were iron-deficient, giving an iron-deficiency anemia prevalence of 3%. Nineteen percent of women had low serum ferritin concentrations (< 12 ug/L) and 4% had low serum folate concentrations (< 2.5 ug/L). Supplements containing iron were taken by 65% of women, and 63% were taking folate-containing supplements. Women in the second and third trimester taking folate-containing supplements had significantly higher serum folate concentrations compared to those not taking a folate supplement (p < 0.001). In the third trimester, women taking iron-containing supplements had significantly higher serum ferritin concentrations compared to those not taking an iron-containing supplement (p < 0.01). Our findings indicate that iron and folate status appears to be adequate in the majority of pregnant women in Switzerland, and that use of iron and folate supplements may have a positive impact on status.

Download Full-text

ANEMIC PATIENTS; RELATIONSHIP OF FREQUENCY AND SEVERITY OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA WITH PRETERM LABOR AND EVENTUAL PERINATAL OUTCOME

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.17957/tpmj/15.3020 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. 1550-1554

Author(s):

Tayyaba Majeed ◽

Rabia Adnan ◽

Zahid Mahmood ◽

Ishrat Majeed ◽

Kanwa Saba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Preterm Labor ◽

Perinatal Outcome ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Relationship Of

Download Full-text

Compliance of Iron Supplementation during pregnancy and factors effecting compliance.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.12.3318 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 2128-2134

Author(s):

Haroon ur Rashid ◽

Sheraz Saleem ◽

Khan Muhammad Babar ◽

Khalid Mahmood ◽

Hina Younis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Iron Supplementation ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽

Study Data ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Sample Population ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Iron Supplements

Objectives: This study aims at measuring compliance to iron supplements because iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is worldwide problem among pregnant women, so Iron supplements are advised usually in once daily regimen but compliance to iron supplements therapy is a major problem due to possible side effects and long-term duration of therapy. Study Design: Retrospective questionnaire-based study. Setting: Mola Bakhsh Hospitals, Sargodha, Pakistan, Period: From February to December, 2018. Material & Methods: This study was design to check compliance to iron supplementation during pregnancy and various factors related to directly and indirectly noncompliance to iron supplementation. A total of 267 pregnant females were recruited in study. Data was collected through a questionnaire translated in local language. On this basis sample population was divided into three groups compliant, partially compliant and non-compliant major factors associated with the prevalence of anemia and non-compliance to iron supplements were education, side effects, financial issues, forgetfulness, personal beliefs, disliking of pharmaceutical preparation etc. Results: After thorough analysis it was found that iron deficiency anemia is prevalent in about 64% of females in the third trimester. Improvement in Hb level in third trimester compared to 1st trimester was taken as parameter for measurement of compliance. Conclusion: side effects due these iron supplements and certain human habits act as hurdle to fight anemia during pregnancy and to eradicate these hurdles certain steps like education of women about anemia, its causes, health implication and imparting nutritional education with special emphasis to improve dietary intake of proteins and iron.

Download Full-text

Hemoglobin level after ingestion of repeated dose of iron shortly after and 2 hours after meal for 12 weeks in second & third trimester pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia

10.1063/1.4958597 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

E. Kristin ◽

M. Hakimi ◽

S. K. Soejono ◽

L. Hakim

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Hemoglobin Level ◽

Repeated Dose ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Third Trimester

Download Full-text

FREQUENCY, DISTRIBUTION AND DETERMINANTS OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AMONG THIRD TRIMESTER INDOOR PREGNANT WOMEN

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.46903/gjms/16.03.1868 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 79-82

Author(s):

Asif Rehman ◽

Farhat Rehana Malik ◽

Mir Abid Jan ◽

Mahvash Zeb ◽

Zia Ul Ain Sabiha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Class ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Frequency Distribution ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽

The Mean

Background: Iron deficiency anemia is a common health problem during pregnancy in developing countries. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency, distribution & determinants of iron deficiency anemia among third trimester pregnant women in our population. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan from October 2015 to March 2016. Sample size was 360 calculated through an online calculator. The inclusion criteria was third trimester pregnant women. Demographic variables were age in years, age groups and social class. Research variables were Hb in mg/dL, presence of iron deficiency anemia, grades of iron deficiency anemia (mild/ moderate/ severe) and iron intake (yes/no). Numeric variables such as age in years and Hb were analyzed as mean and SD, whereas rest of the variables being categorical as count and percentages. Chi-square tests of association was computed. Result: The mean age of the sample was 29.31 ±6.99 and CI of 27.92-30.70. The mean hemoglobin level was 10.33 ±1.7 and 95% CI of 9.99-10.67. The overall frequency of iron deficiency anemia was found out to be 52%, in which 25% were mild, 22% moderate and 5% were severely anemic. Women with middle class had higher frequency of 145 cases. Association of iron deficiency anemia with social class (χ2=7.95, p

Download Full-text

Role of IV administered Iron sucrose with recombinant erythropoietin in the treatment of moderate and severe iron deficiency anemia in the third trimester of pregnancy

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193561 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 3332

Author(s):

Namrita Sandhu ◽

Sanjay Singh

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Iron Sucrose ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Recombinant Erythropoietin ◽

Third Trimester ◽

The Third ◽

In Pregnancy

Background: Iron deficiency Anemia in pregnancy is one of the most common and intractable nutritional problems in the world today. The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of rHuEPO combined with IV iron sucrose, in the treatment of pregnant women in third trimester with moderate and severe iron deficiency anemia and whether addition of erythropoietin will increase the rate of rise of Hb without compromising on the safety of the therapy.Methods: 60 pregnant women in the third trimester, diagnosed as cases of moderate and severe iron deficiency anemia were enrolled in this study with 30 subjects in each of the 2 groups. Recombinant Erythropoietin 2000 IU s/c and Inj Iron sucrose 100 mg slow intravenously in 100 ml 0.9% NS over 1 hr on alternate days was administered to the case group and the control group was administered only iron sucrose slow IV in the same dose on alternate days till target Hb (11gm%) was reached. Efficacy measures were reticulocyte count, increase in Hb/week, time to target Hb level and need for continued therapy after 4 weeks.Results: In the case group, the increases in Hb were greater after 1 week of treatment and this was found to be significant (P < .01), the median duration of therapy was shorter in the case group (22 versus 34 days), with more patients reaching the target hemoglobin level by 4 weeks as opposed to 7 weeks in the control group. Average rise in Hb/week was much more in the case group. The groups did not differ with respect to maternal and fetal safety parameters.Conclusions: Iron sucrose plus rhEPO is an effective treatment for iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy probably because of a synergistic action, with rhEPO stimulating erythropoiesis and iron sucrose delivering iron for hemoglobin synthesis.

Download Full-text