Correction of Class II Skeletal Malocclusion with an Infra- Zygomatic Crest Bone Screw Approach

Introduction: Teeth eruption is important for the development of alveolar process which increases vertical height of the face and third molar is the last tooth to erupt in the oral cavity after birth. The aim of this study was to determine relationship between skeletal malocclusion and dental anomalies in Nepalese population. Materials & Method: A sample of 170 patients with agenesis of at least one third molar was divided into four groups according to the third-molar agenesis pattern. Panoramic radiographs, lateral cephalograph and cast models were used to determine the skeletal malocclusion and associated dental anomalies. The Pearson chi-square test was used for stastical analysis. Result: Among 170 patients more than half of the patients were female with the average age being 18.15 ± 3.64 years. Majority of the patients had Class I skeletal malocclusion followed by Class II and III but on group wise comparison of patients with different skeletal patterns Class I skeletal malocclusion had highest prevalence of dental anomalies followed by Class III and Class II malocclusion. Conclusion: Prevalence of third-molar agenesis was more in skeletal class I malocclusion followed by class II and III but skeletal Class I malocclusions had more dental anomalies followed by class III and class II malocclusion.

Download Full-text

IRF6, MSX1, TGFA, dental anomalies, and skeletal malocclusion

European Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1093/ejo/cjaa064 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Clarissa C A Fernandez ◽

Christiane V C A Pereira ◽

Fernanda F C F Ferreira ◽

José V B Maciel ◽

Adriana Modesto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Class Ii ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Tooth Agenesis ◽

Dental Anomalies ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significance Level ◽

Transforming Growth Factor Α ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Factor Α

Summary Objective Verify the presence of association between four variables—transforming growth factor α (TGFA; C/T rs1523305), interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6; A/C rs2013162), muscle segment homeobox 1 (MSX1; A/G rs12532), and dental anomalies—with skeletal malocclusion by comparing these four variables with Angle Classes I, II, and III, and normal, hyperdivergent, and hypodivergent growth patterns. Methods A total of 505 orthodontic records of patients older than 8 years were evaluated. The sample consisted of 285 (56.4 per cent) females, 220 (43.6 per cent) males, 304 (60.2 per cent) Whites (the rest were mixed Blacks with Whites), with a mean age of 20.28 (±10.35) years (ranging from 8 to 25 years). Eight cephalometric points, which served as the anatomical framework for obtaining angles and cephalometric measurements, were used for skeletal characterization using the Dolphin Software. Samples of saliva were collected and the DNA was extracted, diluted and quantified. Markers in TGFA, IRF6, and MSX1 were used and genotypes were obtained using TaqMan chemistry. Odds ratio (OR) and 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) calculations, chi-square, Fisher’s Exact, Mann–Whitney, and correlation coefficient tests (significance level: 95 per cent) were performed. Bonferroni correction was applied and an alpha of 0.0006 was considered statistically significant. Results There was no statistically significant associations between markers in TGFA or IRF6 with skeletal malocclusions. Tooth agenesis was associated with facial convexity (P < 0.001). MSX1 was associated with Class II skeletal malocclusion (P = 0.0001, OR = 0.6, CI = 0.46–0.78). Conclusion Individuals with tooth agenesis were more likely to have a convex face. MSX1 was associated with Class II skeletal malocclusion.

Download Full-text

Malocclusion and Hair Loss: An Intimate Relationship

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v10i1-s.3875 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1-s) ◽

pp. 182-184

Author(s):

Brian CDT Dye

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Hair Loss ◽

Class Ii ◽

Pediatric Dentistry ◽

Visual Observation ◽

Initial Development ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Flow Through ◽

Dental Records ◽

Base Of The Skull

In the dental industry, it seem no one has entertained the thought that if a dislocated mandible, in a Class II Skeletal relation could occlude or block the blood flow in in the STA.* Therefore stopping or impeding blood flow to the vertex of the head and therefor causing balding. Taking into consideration that in a healthy Class I Skeletal relation the clearance between the base of the skull and the eminence of the condyle is only 3.5mm.Pic 1 Orthodontic experience tells us that mandibles 3.5mm retrognathic and more are very common. The intent of this paper is to expose the facts and evidence that show the Class II Skeletal mandible is the cause of balding by blocking blood flow through the S.T.A. Balding of vertex can be avoided. A large array of research has been, and continues to be conducted to determine the causative agent for hair loss. Traditionally such investigation has focused on a number of varying topics, including but not limited to chromosome composition, genotype, and subsequent phenotype expression. However, little or no investigation has been conducted to deduce what effect the skeletal relationship has upon the initial development of hair loss. Through a series of observational case studies, it is evident that there is a relationship between malocclusion and hair loss. Specifically, through analysis of dental records, cephalometric radiographs, and visual observation of patients, there appears to be a correlation between Class II Skeletal malocclusion and subsequent hair loss. Further investigation yields that vascular anatomical differences between different skeletal schemes is associated with the development of hair loss. Keywords: Craniofacial Anomalies, Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics, Hair Loss, Baldness

Download Full-text

Analysis of Patients with Skeletal Malocclusion Undergoing Orthognathic Surgery Along with Fixed Orthodontics in a Dental Hospital Setup

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.2949 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽

pp. 385-391

Author(s):

Pooja Umaiyal M ◽

Saravana Dinesh S P ◽

Jaiganesh Ramamurthy

Keyword(s):

Orthognathic Surgery ◽

Class Ii ◽

P Value ◽

Class Iii ◽

Chi Square ◽

Fixed Appliance ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Division 1 ◽

Dental Hospital ◽

Chi Square Test

Lately, people have become more conscious about their physical appearance. Orthodontic treatment has no doubt in providing a significant effect on facial aesthetics. Commonly treated dental and skeletal malocclusion includes class II and class III, skeletal malocclusions might need orthodontic fixed appliance, orthognathic surgery or a combination of both for its correction. The aim of this study is to analyse the prevalence percentage of patients with skeletal malocclusion undergoing orthognathic surgery along with fixed orthodontics. We reviewed and analysed the data of 86000 patients who visited a dental institutional hospital between June 2019 and March 2020. A total of 60 patients were chosen to be included in this retrospective study. They were diagnosed with either class II or class III malocclusions. Socio-demographic and clinical data of all the 60 patients were collected, such as age, gender, type of skeletal malocclusion, treatment suggested and treatment undergone were retrieved from the patient records provided by Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. This data was tabulated in excel and analysed using SPSS software. Chi-Square test was performed, and the p-value was determined to evaluate the significance of the variables. Among the patients, 51.7% were males with the peak prevalence of reporting for skeletal malocclusion treatment at the age of 10-30 years (85%). Most predominant dental malocclusion being class II division 1 (38.3%) followed by class III(23.3%). Proclination (40%) and crowding (60%) were other common dental alignment issues in the maxillary and mandibular arches, respectively.

Download Full-text

Surgical correction of class II skeletal malocclusion in an adult patient

Journal of Orofacial Sciences ◽

10.4103/0975-8844.132587 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 58

Author(s):

Anilkumar Katta ◽

Kandasamy Rajasigamani ◽

Ramakrishnan Balachander ◽

Kandapalanivel Karthik

Keyword(s):

Adult Patient ◽

Class Ii ◽

Surgical Correction ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion

Download Full-text

Changes in soft tissue facial profile of class II skeletal malocclusion patients with retrognathic mandible treated with twin block appliance

Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.24198/pjd.vol31no1.21154 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

Ng Hui Lin ◽

Eky Setiawan Soeria Soemantri ◽

Gita Gayatri

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Class Ii ◽

Facial Soft Tissue ◽

Profile Angle ◽

Facial Profile ◽

Twin Block ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Soft Tissue Profile ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Soft Tissue Changes

Introduction: The soft tissue aspect in orthodontics treatment has gained attention in the last few years. The soft tissue profile is said to reflect the underlying skeletal profile, which causes a convex profile in patients with class II skeletal malocclusion. This research was aimed to determine the changes in the soft tissue facial profile of class II skeletal malocclusion patients with retrognathic mandible after twin block treatment. Methods: The type of research used in this study was retrospective descriptive research with paired t-test. The population was children aged 10-13 years old with class II skeletal malocclusion that were treated with twin block appliance in the Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia. The results of soft tissue changes before and after twin block treatment were compared. Results: There was an insignificant increase in soft tissue profile angle and Holdaway’s soft tissue angle after twin block treatment (p > 0.05). Whereas, Holdaway’s H-angle was decreasing and Merrifield’s Z-angle was increasing after twin block treatment, with statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There was a decrease of H-angle, indicates a reduction in facial convexity and improvement of the facial profile after twin block treatment, but no difference in soft tissue profile angle and Holdaway’s soft tissue angle after twin block treatment. Keywords: Facial soft tissue profile, class II skeletal malocclusion, retrognathic mandible, twin block appliance

Download Full-text

Runx2 rs59983488 polymorphism in class II malocclusion in the Indonesian subpopulation

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v54.i4.p216-220 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 216

Author(s):

Fadli Jazaldi ◽

Benny M. Soegiharto ◽

Astrid Dinda Hutabarat ◽

Noertami Soedarsono ◽

Elza Ibrahim Auerkari

Keyword(s):

Regulatory Gene ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Control Group ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Chi Square ◽

Equal Distribution ◽

Frequency Distributions ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Chi Square Test

Background: Class II malocclusion is one of the main orthodontic issues for patients in seeking treatment. The prevalence of class II malocclusion varies in different populations. Variation in skeletal profile is mainly controlled internally by a regulatory gene. Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) plays a role in osteoblast differentiation and is highly expressed during development. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relation of regulatory gene variation in the Runx2 promoter with class II malocclusion. Methods: DNA samples were acquired from 95 orthodontic patients in Jakarta, Indonesia, who were divided into two groups: class I skeletal malocclusion (control group) and class II malocclusion. A single nucleotide polymorphism was investigated using the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques. The distribution of alleles was assessed using the Hardy-Weinberg test. The relationship between polymorphism and skeletal variation was assessed with the Chi-Square test and logistic regression. Results: The frequency distributions of genotypes and alleles were tested for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and found to be slightly deviated. There was an equal distribution of G and T alleles throughout class II and class I skeletal malocclusions and the Chi-Square test showed that this relationship was not significant (p=0.5). Conclusion: Runx2 rs59983488 polymorphism was found in the Indonesian subpopulation; however, an association between Runx2 rs59983488 polymorphism and class II skeletal malocclusion was not found.

Download Full-text

Management of a Skeletal Class II Malocclusion Using 2-Phase Treatment: An Indian Board of Orthodontics Case Report

The Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society ◽

10.1177/0301574220947551 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 240-247

Author(s):

Snigdha Pattanaik

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Division I ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Average Growth ◽

Lower Lip ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Nasolabial Angle ◽

Tongue Thrust

PK, a 12-year-old female patient, was diagnosed with skeletal Class II due to retrognathic mandible, average growth pattern, Angle’s Class II, Division I malocclusion with Class II canine relation, mild upper anterior spacing, upper anterior proclination, uprighted lower anterior, lingually tipped 35, increased overjet and overbite, scissor bite Irt 24, 25, acute nasolabial angle, tongue thrust habit, incompetent lips, and lower lip trap. The nonextraction approach to orthodontic treatment was involved. The skeletal malocclusion was corrected using the twin-block appliance, followed by upper and lower pre-adjusted edgewise appliances (0.022 × 0.028 slot) with the MBT prescription.

Download Full-text