Panel 1 Summary: What Leadership, Goals, and Policies Can Ensure That Students Communicate Well in Multicultural Environments and International Commerce?

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-18
Keyword(s):  
International Commerce

Brokering Trade in the Central Mediterranean

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey Tazzara
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Competitive Response ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
International Commerce ◽  
Exchange Networks ◽  
North Central ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Global Commerce ◽  
Quantitative Examination

Chapter 6 offers a quantitative examination of the commercial development of Livorno, showing how it plugged local and regional exchange networks into the currents of global commerce. Livorno was at the epicenter of the reorganization of maritime trade in the Tyrrhenian and throughout the Mediterranean. Despite dense connections between north-central Italy and the free port, however, international commerce did not substantially affect productive relations in the hinterland. North-central Italy remained an autonomous region; rather than a colonial outpost subservient to northern capitalism, Livorno was a large marketplace connecting otherwise distinct economies. The Tuscan city’s success in organizing trade eventually provoked a competitive response by neighboring ports.

Dictionary of International Commerce

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
William J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
International Commerce

scholarly journals Periculum maris come il valore contrattuale nel diritto romano

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Benincasa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Market Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Joint Gain ◽  
International Commerce ◽  
High Interest ◽  
Classical Scheme ◽  
Special Category

For persons who wanted to invest their resources in international commerce, the necessity of a sea voyage significantly increased the risk connected to this venture. Thus the contracts, which took into account the risk related to navigation, constituted under Roman law a special category of contracts, as they modified standard contracts such as a loan or a partnership contract. In the contract of maritime loan the fact that the creditor assumed the risk of losing money in case the condition si salva navis pervenerit was not fulfilled and in exchange could claim high interest to compensate him for such risk transforms this contract into an instrument used for the joint gain of profits. The classical scheme, in which all partners were obliged to share both profits and losses was modified by a partnership contract, in which a partner whose contribution involved exclusively undertaking risky sea voyages was exempt from bearing losses. This pactum made it possible to treat pecuniary contributions and in-kind contributions as equivalent in value. This prevented a situation in which the partner whose sole contribution involved services, in spite of due performance of his obligations, would be liable to repay a part of the loss to the partner who brought capital, if the activity of the partnership resulted in the loss. A typical example, referred to by jurists, of a situation in which services performed by a partner justified discharging him from participating in the loss, was the case in which one of the socii financed the purchase of goods to be subsequently sold with profit in another port, while the other one carried out this venture risking his life during the sea voyage. Therefore, undoubtedly, services entailing a dangerous sea voyage constituted a good example of a partnership, in which the value of a contribution of opera was even greater than the value of the capital invested, and this justified releasing one of the partners from participation in the loss. Therefore, the risk related to navigation, and more specifically the willingness to assume it, starts to be considered as having a certain economic and market value. This value constitutes a special periculi pretium, that is to be taken into consideration in a contract relationship. The acknowledgement by Roman jurists that the willingness to assume the risk connected with certain types of business constituted an economic value, means that the importance of such factors as the partner’s efficiency, resourcefulness, or willingness to embark on a risky activity (in most cases crucial for a success of an enterprise) – was fully appreciated.

scholarly journals THE INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AND TARGET MARKETS OF COLOMBIAN BLACKBERRIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Alexander Sellamén Garzón ◽  
Andrés Camacho Murillo
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
International Commerce ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Target Markets

This document analyzes the international competitiveness of Colombian blackberries-raspberries between 2003-2007, as well as its potential markets worldwide resulting from some theories and concepts related to international commerce and competitiveness given by authors such as Bela Balassa (1964 y 1970), Schwartz, M., et al. (2007), and the Corporación Colombia Internacional, among others. The result shows that this Colombian product has a worldwide productive and competitive potential that can motivate exporting it to potential countries like Canada, USA, the United Kingdom and France.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Procedure for the Recognition and Execution of Foreign Arbitral Awards in MERCOSUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 55-86
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Dalenz Lorieto
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
International Commerce ◽  
Member States ◽  
Investment Arbitration ◽  
Trade Bloc ◽  
Legal Procedures ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This research considers the current situation for the settlement of investment disputes in MERCOSUR member states. To achieve greater results, the current international legislation has established principles and a broad range of procedures that must be implemented on the trade bloc member states regarding the recognition and execution of foreign arbitral awards. This study applies a descriptive qualitative method. The findings of this study show that there are still some obstacles for the development of investment arbitration, despite its recognition in the current legislations. In this sense this work recommends harmonizing the legal procedures for the institution of arbitration and implementing a Supranational Arbitration Court inside MERCOSUR to increase and make effective the institution of international commerce in the region.

Does the Name of a Case Matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-489
Author(s):  
Haris Jamil
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Fishing Vessel ◽  
International Commerce ◽  
Arbitral Award ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
A Company

Abstract The arbitral award in The “Enrica Lexie” Incident (Italy v. India) brings to the fore the issue of assigning a name to a case. To contextualise India’s contention regarding the name, The “Enrica Lexie” Incident, in this article, I outline the law and practice regarding assigning names to cases by different international judicial bodies (ICJ, ITLOS, WTO and PCA). Examining India’s objection to the name, I argue that the name of the case does not capture the subject matter of the dispute accurately and emanates from the mainstream view of international law. The name prioritises an Italian flagged vessel, owned by a company engaged in international commerce and navigating under the protection of the Italian navy, over a fishing vessel owned by private individuals. The name reinforces a state-centric view of international law in which the victims of the incident do not picture.

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