Stimulus redundancy and immediate recall

Functional cognitive disorder (FCD) is a relatively common cause of cognitive symptoms, characterised by inconsistency between symptoms and observed or self-reported cognitive functioning. We aimed to improve the clinical characterisation of FCD, in particular its differentiation from early neurodegeneration. Two patient cohorts were recruited from a UK-based tertiary cognitive clinic, diagnosed following clinical assessment, investigation and expert multidisciplinary team review: FCD, (n = 21), and neurodegenerative Mild Cognitive Impairment (nMCI, n = 17). We separately recruited a healthy control group (n = 25). All participants completed an assessment battery including: Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R), Trail Making Test Part B (TMT-B); Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2RF). In comparison to healthy controls, the FCD and nMCI groups were equally impaired on trail making, immediate recall, and recognition tasks; had equally elevated mood symptoms; showed similar aberration on a range of personality measures; and had similar difficulties on inbuilt performance validity tests. However, participants with FCD performed significantly better than nMCI on HVLT-R delayed free recall and retention (regression coefficient −10.34, p = 0.01). Mood, personality and certain cognitive abilities were similarly altered across nMCI and FCD groups. However, those with FCD displayed spared delayed recall and retention, in comparison to impaired immediate recall and recognition. This pattern, which is distinct from that seen in prodromal neurodegeneration, is a marker of internal inconsistency. Differentiating FCD from nMCI is challenging, and the identification of positive neuropsychometric features of FCD is an important contribution to this emerging area of cognitive neurology.

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¡Hola! Nice to Meet You: Language Mixing and Biographical Information Processing

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11060703 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 703

Author(s):

Eneko Antón ◽

Jon Andoni Duñabeitia

Keyword(s):

Social Interactions ◽

Personal Information ◽

Initial Exposure ◽

Delayed Recall ◽

Immediate Recall ◽

Mixed Language ◽

Educational Implications ◽

Social Encounters ◽

Bilingual Communities ◽

Language Context

In bilingual communities, social interactions take place in both single- and mixed-language contexts. Some of the information shared in multilingual conversations, such as interlocutors’ personal information, is often required in consequent social encounters. In this study, we explored whether the autobiographical information provided in a single-language context is better remembered than in an equivalent mixed-language situation. More than 400 Basque-Spanish bilingual (pre) teenagers were presented with new persons who introduced themselves by either using only Spanish or only Basque, or by inter-sententially mixing both languages. Different memory measures were collected immediately after the initial exposure to the new pieces of information (immediate recall and recognition) and on the day after (delayed recall and recognition). In none of the time points was the information provided in a mixed-language fashion worse remembered than that provided in a strict one-language context. Interestingly, the variability across participants in their sociodemographic and linguistic variables had a negligible impact on the effects. These results are discussed considering their social and educational implications for bilingual communities.

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Women have Farther to Fall: Gender Differences Between Normal Elderly and Alzheimer's Disease in Verbal Memory Engender Better Detection of Alzheimer's Disease in Women

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617711000452 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 654-662 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Robert M. Chapman ◽

Mark Mapstone ◽

Margaret N. Gardner ◽

Tiffany C. Sandoval ◽

John W. McCrary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Control Group ◽

Large Drop ◽

Delayed Recall ◽

Logical Memory ◽

Wechsler Memory Scale ◽

Immediate Recall

AbstractWe analyzed verbal episodic memory learning and recall using the Logical Memory (LM) subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-III to determine how gender differences in AD compare to those seen in normal elderly and whether or not these differences impact assessment of AD. We administered the LM to both an AD and a Control group, each comprised of 21 men and 21 women, and found a large drop in performance from normal elders to AD. Of interest was a gender interaction whereby the women's scores dropped 1.6 times more than the men's did. Control women on average outperformed Control men on every aspect of the test, including immediate recall, delayed recall, and learning. Conversely, AD women tended to perform worse than AD men. Additionally, the LM achieved perfect diagnostic accuracy in discriminant analysis of AD versus Control women, a statistically significantly higher result than for men. The results indicate the LM is a more powerful and reliable tool in detecting AD in women than in men. (JINS, 2011, 17, 654–662)

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CONSTRAINTS ON “NOTICING THE GAP”

Studies in Second Language Acquisition ◽

10.1017/s0272263103000044 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 99-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 179

Author(s):

Jenefer Philp

Keyword(s):

Native Speakers ◽

Oral Communication ◽

Dyadic Interaction ◽

Attentional Resources ◽

Immediate Recall ◽

Adult Esl ◽

Esl Learners

Interaction has been argued to promote noticing of L2 form in a context crucial to learning—when there is a mismatch between the input and the learner's interlanguage (IL) grammar (Gass & Varonis, 1994; Long, 1996; Pica, 1994). This paper investigates the extent to which learners may notice native speakers' reformulations of their IL grammar in the context of dyadic interaction. Thirty-three adult ESL learners worked on oral communication tasks in NS-NNS pairs. During each of the five sessions of dyadic task-based interaction, learners received recasts of their nontargetlike question forms. Accurate immediate recall of recasts was taken as evidence of noticing of recasts by learners. Results indicate that learners noticed over 60–70% of recasts. However, accurate recall was constrained by the level of the learner and by the length and number of changes in the recast. The effect of these variables on noticing is discussed in terms of processing biases. It is suggested that attentional resources and processing biases of the learner may modulate the extent to which learners “notice the gap” between their nontargetlike utterances and recasts.

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The Use of Text Messaging for Injury Reporting in Sports: A Critically Appraised Topic

International Journal of Athletic Therapy & Training ◽

10.1123/ijatt.2017-0105 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 219-225

Author(s):

Nicole J. Chimera ◽

Monica R. Lininger ◽

Meghan Warren

Keyword(s):

Text Messaging ◽

Sport Participation ◽

Text Message ◽

Bottom Line ◽

Injury Rates ◽

Immediate Recall ◽

Recreational Exercise ◽

Novel Method ◽

Injury Reporting ◽

Club Sport

Clinical Question: Can text message be used for epidemiologic data collection and accurate injury reporting in recreational and club sport participation? Clinical Bottom Line: Text message may be advantageous for injury surveillance in recreational exercise and club sport participation. This novel method may provide a more complete understanding of injury rates as this tool allows for more immediate recall of injury exposures and incidences. Further, data suggest that injuries are reported more often via text message compared to those reported to health care personnel.

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Immediate recall of serial numbers with or without multiple item repetitions

Memory ◽

10.1080/09658211.2021.1942920 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Nelson Cowan ◽

Kyle O. Hardman

Keyword(s):

Immediate Recall ◽

Multiple Item

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Immediate verbal recall and familial dementia risk: population-based study of over 4000 twins

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry ◽

10.1136/jnnp-2018-319122 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

pp. 90-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Noora Lindgren ◽

Jaakko Kaprio ◽

Juha O Rinne ◽

Eero Vuoksimaa

Keyword(s):

Verbal Learning ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Familial Risk ◽

Heritability Estimate ◽

Word List ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Verbal Recall ◽

Immediate Recall ◽

Dementia Risk

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of familial risk for dementia on verbal learning by comparing cognitively healthy twins who had demented co-twins with cognitively healthy twins who had cognitively healthy co-twins.Methods4367 twins aged ≥65 years including 1375 twin pairs (533 monozygotic (MZ), 823 dizygotic (DZ) and 19 unknown zygosity pairs) from a population-based Finnish Twin Cohort participated in a cross-sectional telephone assessment for dementia and in a single free recall trial of a 10-item word list.ResultsCognitively healthy twins with demented co-twins (n=101 pairs) recalled less words than cognitively healthy twins with cognitively healthy co-twins (n=770 pairs) after adjusting for age, sex and education, B=− 0.44, 95% CI (−0.73 to −0.14), p=0.003. The effect size was similar in MZ (n=31) twins (3.88 vs 4.29 words, B=−0.41, 95% CI (−0.96 to 0.13)) and DZ (n=66) twins (3.70 vs 4.17 words, B=−0.47, 95% CI (−0.84 to −0.10)). The heritability estimate of immediate recall (IR) was 0.37, 95% CI (0.21 to 0.43).ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that familial risk for dementia is reflected in the IR performance of cognitively healthy older persons. The finding of poorer IR performance in non-affected siblings compared with the general population, together with substantial heritability of IR, supports IR as a useful endophenotype for molecular genetic studies of dementia.

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