An on-road examination of daytime and evening driving on rural roads: physiological, subjective, eye gaze, and driving performance outcomes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher N. Watling ◽  
Grégoire S. Larue ◽  
Joanne M. Wood ◽  
Alexander Black
Keyword(s):  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Rural Roads

scholarly journals Identification and Evaluation of Effective Strategies in a Dynamic Visual Task Using Eye Gaze Dynamics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Veerabhadrappa ◽  
Imali T. Hettiarachchi ◽  
Samer Hanoun ◽  
Dawei Jia ◽  
Simon G. Hosking ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Task Environment ◽  
Training Requirements ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Visual Strategies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Simulation-based training utilising visual displays are common in many defence and civil domains. The performance of individuals in these tasks depends on their ability to employ effective visual strategies. Quantifying the performance of the trainees is vitally important when assessing training effectiveness and developing future training requirements. The approach, attitudes and processes of an individual’s learning varies from one to another. In this light, some visual strategies may be better suited to the dynamics of a task environment than others, the result of which could be observed in the superior performance outcomes of some individuals. In this study, eye gaze data is used to investigate the relationship between performance outcomes and visual strategies. In an attempt to emulate real operational settings, a challenging task environment using multiple targets that had minimal salient features was selected for the study. Eye gaze of participants performing a simulation-based unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) refuelling task was used to facilitate the investigation. Cross recurrence quantification analysis (CRQA) and Epistemic network analysis (ENA) were employed on eye gaze data to provide spatial-temporal mapping of visual strategies. A CRQA measure of recurrence rate was used to observe participants’ fixation interest on various regions of the task environment. The recurrence behaviours were categorised into cases of visual strategies using an unsupervised clustering algorithm. This article discusses the relationship between the visual strategy cases and performance outcomes to observe which are the most effective. Using the relationship between recurrence rates and performance outcomes, we demonstrate and discuss a gaze-based measure that could objectively quantify performance.

Clinical predictors of driving simulator performance in drivers with multiple sclerosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 135245852199250
Author(s):  
Sarah Krasniuk ◽  
Sherrilene Classen ◽  
Sarah A Morrow ◽  
Liliana Alvarez ◽  
Wenqing He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Alternative Assessment ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Performance Deficits

Background: Drivers with multiple sclerosis (MS) may experience visual–cognitive impairment that affects their fitness to drive. Due to limitations associated with the on-road assessment, an alternative assessment that measures driving performance is warranted. Whether clinical indicators of on-road outcomes can also predict driving performance outcomes on a driving simulator are not fully understood. Objective: This study examined if deficits in immediate verbal/auditory recall (California Verbal Learning Test–Second Edition; CVLT2-IR) and/or slower divided attention (Useful Field of View™; UFOV2) predicted deficits in operational, tactical, or strategic maneuvers assessed on a driving simulator, in drivers with and without MS. Methods: Participants completed the CVLT2-IR, UFOV2, and a driving simulator assessment of operational, tactical, and strategic maneuvers. Results: Deficits in immediate verbal/auditory recall and slower divided attention predicted adjustment to stimuli errors, pertaining to tactical maneuvers only, in 36 drivers with MS (vs 20 drivers without MS; F(3, 51) = 6.1, p = 0.001, R2 = 0.3, [Formula: see text]). Conclusion: The CVLT2-IR and UFOV2 capture the visual and verbal/auditory recall, processing speed, and divided attention required to appropriately adjust to stimuli in a simulated driving environment. Clinicians may use the CVLT2-IR and UFOV2 as precursors to driving performance deficits in drivers with MS.

scholarly journals Driving Performance Profiles of Drivers with Brain Pathologies in Rural Roads

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Dimosthenis Pavlou ◽  
Ion Beratis ◽  
Panagiotis Papantoniou ◽  
Eleonora Papadimitriou ◽  
John Golias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Performance ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
Performance Profiles

Gaze Supported Gestural Computer Interaction: Performance Implications of Training

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1990-1994
Author(s):  
M. David Keller ◽  
Patrick Mead ◽  
Megan Kozub
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Positive Performance ◽  
Gestural Control ◽  
Input Source

Gaze supported non-tactile gestural control uses a combination of gestures based body movements with eye gaze positioning to provide an input source for a user’s control with a system. Combining body gestures with eye movements allows for unique computer control methods other than the traditional mouse. However, research is mixed on the effectiveness of emerging control types, such as gestures and eye-tracking, with some showing positive performance outcomes for one or more control aspects but performance detriments in other areas that would prohibit the use of such novel control methods. One important aspect that is often ignored is familiarity with the control method. Unlike the mouse, users are typically unfamiliar with eye and gestures based control methods. In order to truly understand the benefit of new concepts like gaze supported gestural controls, testing experienced users is necessary. In the current experiment, participants were trained on the gaze supported gestures system in order to become “experts” and achieve similar levels of proficiency with the different control methods to be assessed, to include mouse, non-gaze and gaze supported gestural controls. Results showed that after as few as five practice sessions participants were able to perform a simple point and click task as well or even better than mouse control when using gaze supported gestures.

Quantifying Vocal Power: Correlation of Whole-Body Anaerobic Power to Vocal Function Measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 2597-2608
Author(s):  
Emily N. Snell ◽  
Laura W. Plexico ◽  
Aurora J. Weaver ◽  
Mary J. Sandage
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Vocal Function ◽  
Laryngeal Diadochokinesis ◽  
High Sound

Purpose The purpose of this preliminary study was to identify a vocal task that could be used as a clinical indicator of the vocal aptitude or vocal fitness required for vocally demanding occupations in a manner similar to that of the anaerobic power tests commonly used in exercise science. Performance outcomes for vocal tasks that require rapid acceleration and high force production may be useful as an indirect indicator of muscle fiber complement and bioenergetic fitness of the larynx, an organ that is difficult to study directly. Method Sixteen women (age range: 19–24 years, M age = 22 years) were consented for participation and completed the following performance measures: forced vital capacity, three adapted vocal function tasks, and the horizontal sprint test. Results Using a within-participant correlational analyses, results indicated a positive relationship between the rate of the last second of a laryngeal diadochokinesis task that was produced at a high fundamental frequency/high sound level and anaerobic power. Forced vital capacity was not correlated with any of the vocal function tasks. Conclusions These preliminary results indicate that aspects of the laryngeal diadochokinesis task produced at a high fundamental frequency and high sound level may be useful as an ecologically valid measure of vocal power ability. Quantification of vocal power ability may be useful as a vocal fitness assessment or as an outcome measure for voice rehabilitation and habilitation for patients with vocally demanding jobs.

Case Studies for Telepractice in AAC

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Rose Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Computer Experience ◽  
Access Methods ◽  
Complex Communication Needs ◽  
Barriers To Service ◽  
Communication Needs

As the field of telepractice grows, perceived barriers to service delivery must be anticipated and addressed in order to provide appropriate service delivery to individuals who will benefit from this model. When applying telepractice to the field of AAC, additional barriers are encountered when clients with complex communication needs are unable to speak, often present with severe quadriplegia and are unable to position themselves or access the computer independently, and/or may have cognitive impairments and limited computer experience. Some access methods, such as eye gaze, can also present technological challenges in the telepractice environment. These barriers can be overcome, and telepractice is not only practical and effective, but often a preferred means of service delivery for persons with complex communication needs.

Executive Functions and Clinical and Academic Outcomes in Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1221-1230
Author(s):  
Jane Roitsch ◽  
Kimberly A. Murphy ◽  
Anastasia M. Raymer
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Praxis Ii ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Preliminary Study

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate executive function measures as they relate to clinical and academic performance outcomes of graduate speech-language pathology students. Method An observational design incorporating correlations and stepwise multiple regressions was used to determine the strength of the relationships between clinical outcomes that occurred at various time points throughout the graduate program (clinical coursework grades throughout the program and case study paper scores at the end of the program), academic outcomes (graduate grade point average and Praxis II exam in speech-language pathology scores), and executive function (EF) scores (EF assessment scores, self-reported EF scores). Participants were 37 students (36 women, M age = 24.1) in a master's degree program in speech-language pathology at a southeastern U.S. university during the 2017–2018 academic year. Results Findings of this preliminary study indicated that a limited number of objective EF scores and self-reported EF scores were related to clinical and academic outcomes of graduate speech-language pathology students. Conclusion As results of this preliminary study suggest that EF tests may be related to clinical and academic outcomes, future research can move to study the potential role of EF measures in the graduate admissions process in clinical graduate programs such as speech-language pathology.

Supporting the Use of Rudimentary Vocalizations

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Zubow ◽  
Richard Hurtig
Keyword(s):  
Rett Syndrome ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Multiple Modalities ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Perceptual Judgments ◽  
The Face

Children with Rett Syndrome (RS) are reported to use multiple modalities to communicate although their intentionality is often questioned (Bartolotta, Zipp, Simpkins, & Glazewski, 2011; Hetzroni & Rubin, 2006; Sigafoos et al., 2000; Sigafoos, Woodyatt, Tuckeer, Roberts-Pennell, & Pittendreigh, 2000). This paper will present results of a study analyzing the unconventional vocalizations of a child with RS. The primary research question addresses the ability of familiar and unfamiliar listeners to interpret unconventional vocalizations as “yes” or “no” responses. This paper will also address the acoustic analysis and perceptual judgments of these vocalizations. Pre-recorded isolated vocalizations of “yes” and “no” were presented to 5 listeners (mother, father, 1 unfamiliar, and 2 familiar clinicians) and the listeners were asked to rate the vocalizations as either “yes” or “no.” The ratings were compared to the original identification made by the child's mother during the face-to-face interaction from which the samples were drawn. Findings of this study suggest, in this case, the child's vocalizations were intentional and could be interpreted by familiar and unfamiliar listeners as either “yes” or “no” without contextual or visual cues. The results suggest that communication partners should be trained to attend to eye-gaze and vocalizations to ensure the child's intended choice is accurately understood.

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