Penurunan Tekanan pada Pompa Air Laut pada Mesin Induk Kapal

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Iing Mustain
Keyword(s):  
Normal Gland ◽  
Gland Packing

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penyebab menurunya tekanan pompa pendingin air laut pada mesin induk di kapal. Metode penelitian menggunakan analisis kuantitaif deskriptif yaitu dengan melakukan pengamatan tentang menurunnya tekanan pompa air laut pendingin mesin induk kapal. Waktu yang digunakan dalam melaksanakan penelitian dan pengumpulan data-data yang diperlukan adalah 12 bulan lebih 10 hari. Hasil pengamatan diperoleh kurangnya daya hisap dan tekanan pompa air laut disebabkan saringan isap tertutup kotoran saat kapal masuk ke perairan dangkal baik pantai maupun sungai yang terdapat kotoran terutama sampah plastik dan lumpur, kotoran tersebut akan menghalangi aliran isap dari pompa pendingin. Menurunnya kinerja impeller pada pompa disebabkan karena terjadinya penyumbatan pada Impeller oleh kotoran-kotoran, keran-keran atau binatang laut yang masuk melalui Sea Chest sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan tekanan pompa ait laut. Kebocoran pada bagian gland packing pompa berupa tetesan zat cair yang jumlahnya tidak lebih dari 0,5 cm3/s. Jika jumlah tetesan lebih dari ini, penekan Packing harus di kencangkan pelan-pelan dan merata dengan mengencangkan kedua mur secara bergantian sampai tetesan menjadi normal, apabila setelah di kencangkan tetesan masih tidak normal gland packing wajib diganti dengan yang baru.

Type IV Collagen Immunostaining Is a Simple, Reliable Diagnostic Tool for Distinguishing Between Adenomatous and Normal Pituitary Glands

2007 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 931-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Jarzembowski ◽  
Ricardo Lloyd ◽  
Paul McKeever
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Type Iv Collagen ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Immunohistochemical Detection ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Clonal Population ◽  
Normal Gland ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Pituitary Glands

Abstract Context.—Pituitary adenomas are clinically diagnosed based on radiologic studies and/or secondary effects of hormone production. Definitive pathologic identification relies on immunohistochemical detection of a clonal population of hormone-producing cells. However, not all adenomas secrete hormones, so performing a battery of stains is inefficient. Reports have shown decreased type IV collagen in the stroma of other epithelial tumors. Objective.—To validate type IV collagen immunohistochemistry as a diagnostic method. Design.—We immunostained 27 adenomas and 19 normal pituitaries. The areas with the sparsest type IV collagen fibers were viewed at 3 magnifications (×10, ×20, and ×40 objectives), counting 1, 3, or 10 microscopic fields. A field was scored as “traversable” if a path existed from any point on the periphery of the field to a point on the approximately opposite periphery that did not cross any stained fibers. Results were compared with reticulin staining and to the existing diagnosis previously determined by histology, hormone immunostaining, and clinical correlation. Results.—Adenomas have less type IV collagen in their basement membranes, leading to sparser, trabecular staining in neoplasms versus a more rigid meshwork pattern in normal glands. One might envision the stained fibers as maze walls—one can traverse medium-powered fields in an adenoma, but one hits dead ends and gets trapped in those of a normal gland. Finding a single representative ×10 field to be traversable was 97.5% sensitive and 96.5% specific for an adenoma. Reticulin staining yielded identical results. Conclusions.—Type IV collagen immunostaining is a simple and reliable method of diagnosing pituitary adenomas.

scholarly journals Current Status of Histogenetic and Morphogenetic Concepts of Salivary Gland Tumorigenesis

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irving Dardick ◽  
Aileen P. Burford-Mason
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Neoplastic Transformation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Salivary Gland Tumors ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Normal Gland ◽  
Routine Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification

Because of their complexity and relative infrequency, salivary gland tumors commonly result in diagnostic problems. Histogenetic and morphogenetic concepts of tumorigenesis in these glands are reviewed and their relevance to routine diagnosis and classification of salivary gland tumors evaluated. Evidence is presented from animal and human studies that under steady-state and pathophysiological conditions, all cell types present in the normal gland, including acinar cells, are capable of rapidly entering the cell cycle and are, therefore, possible targets for neoplastic transformation.

Management of the single thyroid nodule

2011 ◽  
pp. 595-600
Author(s):  
Laszlo Hegedüs ◽  
Finn N. Bennedbæk
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Thyroid Malignancy ◽  
Normal Gland ◽  
Solitary Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Euthyroid Patient ◽  
Surgery Management

The main concern of patients and physicians alike, when dealing with the solitary thyroid nodule, is to diagnose the few cancers (approximately 5%) as rapidly and cost-effectively as possible, and to reduce superfluous thyroid surgery. Management has changed in recent years, but differences prevail as shown by an investigation among European thyroidologists (1). This chapter focuses on the palpably discrete swelling within an otherwise normal gland in the clinically and biochemically euthyroid patient (2, 3). The toxic nodule is dealt with in Chapter 3.3.11, and thyroid malignancy in Chapters 3.5.4–3.5.7.

Gland packing yarn

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (11) ◽  
pp. 13-14 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gland Packing

Evaluation of mRNA markers for micrometastases detection by RT-PCR in lymph nodes (LN), peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) of breast cancer patients (pts)

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 20068-20068
Author(s):  
A. M. Morelle ◽  
A. Frasson ◽  
F. Zerwes ◽  
S. Alves ◽  
G. Devenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Normal Gland ◽  
Cea Mrna ◽  
Mrna Markers

20068 Background: Previous RT-PCR study showed that hMAM and CEA mRNA could be detected in 95% and 78% breast carcinomas, respectively. Analyzed in normal LN, these two markers were the only ones not expressed, compared to other mRNA markers which could be detected in a variable number of cases (Marchetti 2001). We evaluate the expression of CEA and hMAM mRNA in breast cancer pts in order to investigate if the identification of these transcripts could be correlated to in the LN, PB and BM. Methods: Tumor, normal gland, LN and PB were obtained from 49 breast cancer pts who have been referred to surgery during the period of Jun/2000 to Jan/2004.BM could be obtained from 21 of these cases. Before the manipulation of the tumor, 5 mL of PB was collected and 5 mL of BM was aspirated from the iliac crest. First level axillary LN were sectioned in two. One of the halves was immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. CEA and hMAM transcripts have been analysed by RT-PCR. Results: Tumors were positive for CEA in 38 (77.6%) cases and LN were positive in 15 cases (36.7%). 6/49 pts expressed CEA in normal breast (12.2%). Five of these, tumor also expressed CEA. Two pts (4.1%) showed CEA expression in PB and in BM. One patient expressed CEA in BM but not in PB. All pts that showed expression in PB, BM and LN, also showed transcript of CEA in tumor. hMAM transcripts were found in 39 (79.6%) normal gland tissue and in 41 of tumor samples (85.7%). LN were positive to hMAM in 12 cases (24.5%). 5 of these (10.2%) were also positive in PB and BM samples. The pts showing hMAM expression in PB, BM and LN also showed its expression in neoplasic tissue. Analyzing both markers, two pts showed the expression of CEA and hMAM in the PB and BM samples. In 21 of the 49 cases the comparison of hMAM and CEA was possible to be performed in all tissues. CEA and hMAM expression associated to larger number of LN affected. Conclusions: CEA and hMAM transcripts can be detected in majority of breast cancer tissue. Specificity of hMAM seems to be higher than CEA, which can be detected in more than 10% of non-tumor breast tissue. Synchronicity of CEA or hMAM expression in the tumor and in extra-mammary sites was high, suggesting that these markers may provide an interesting strategy for follow-up micrometastatic disease. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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