scholarly journals NanoE-Tox: New and in-depth database concerning ecotoxicity of nanomaterials

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1788-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katre Juganson ◽  
Angela Ivask ◽  
Irina Blinova ◽  
Monika Mortimer ◽  
Anne Kahru
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Nano Structure ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Information File ◽  
Ecotoxicity Testing ◽  
Toxicity Mechanisms ◽  
Toxic Potential

The increasing production and use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) inevitably results in their higher concentrations in the environment. This may lead to undesirable environmental effects and thus warrants risk assessment. The ecotoxicity testing of a wide variety of ENMs rapidly evolving in the market is costly but also ethically questionable when bioassays with vertebrates are conducted. Therefore, alternative methods, e.g., models for predicting toxicity mechanisms of ENMs based on their physico-chemical properties (e.g., quantitative (nano)structure-activity relationships, QSARs/QNARs), should be developed. While the development of such models relies on good-quality experimental toxicity data, most of the available data in the literature even for the same test species are highly variable. In order to map and analyse the state of the art of the existing nanoecotoxicological information suitable for QNARs, we created a database NanoE-Tox that is available as Supporting Information File 2. The database is based on existing literature on ecotoxicology of eight ENMs with different chemical composition: carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes, silver (Ag), titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), cerium dioxide (CeO2), copper oxide (CuO), and iron oxide (FeO x ; Fe2O3, Fe3O4). Altogether, NanoE-Tox database consolidates data from 224 articles and lists altogether 1,518 toxicity values (EC50/LC50/NOEC) with corresponding test conditions and physico-chemical parameters of the ENMs as well as reported toxicity mechanisms and uptake of ENMs in the organisms. 35% of the data in NanoE-Tox concerns ecotoxicity of Ag NPs, followed by TiO2 (22%), CeO2 (13%), and ZnO (10%). Most of the data originates from studies with crustaceans (26%), bacteria (17%), fish (13%), and algae (11%). Based on the median toxicity values of the most sensitive organism (data derived from three or more articles) the toxicity order was as follows: Ag > ZnO > CuO > CeO2 > CNTs > TiO2 > FeO x . We believe NanoE-Tox database contains valuable information for ENM environmental hazard estimation and development of models for predicting toxic potential of ENMs.

Mining a Nanoparticle Dataset, Compiled Within the MODENA-COST Action

2021 ◽  
pp. 1706-1724
Author(s):  
Sabine Van Miert ◽  
Jan Creylman ◽  
Geert R. Verheyen
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
In Vitro Testing ◽  
Cost Action ◽  
Robust Model ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Classification And Regression ◽  
Toxic Potential ◽  
Sheer Number

Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) have new or enhanced physico-chemical properties compared to their micron-sized counterparts, but may also have an increased toxic potential. Animal and in vitro testing are typically employed to investigate the toxic effects of (nano)materials. The sheer number of ENMs and their physico-chemical parameters make it impossible to only use in vivo and in vitro testing, and modelling technologies are also deployed to find relationships between ENM parameters and toxicity. A heterogenous dataset containing information on 192 nanoparticle endpoints was compiled within the MODENA COST-Action consortium. Here, the available data was mined to identify relationships between nanoparticle properties and cell-death as measured with four cytotoxicity assays. ANOVA, collinearity analyses and classification and regression trees gave indications on potential relations between the NP-properties and toxicity, but could not deliver a robust model. More information and datapoints are necessary to build well-validated models.

scholarly journals Green Plasmonic Nanoparticles and Bio-Inspired Stimuli-Responsive Vesicles in Cancer Therapy Application

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria De Matteis ◽  
Loris Rizzello ◽  
Mariafrancesca Cascione ◽  
Eva Liatsi-Douvitsa ◽  
Azzurra Apriceno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Au Nps ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Biological Entities

In the last years, there is a growing interest in the application of nanoscaled materials in cancer therapy because of their unique physico-chemical properties. However, the dark side of their usability is limited by their possible toxic behaviour and accumulation in living organisms. Starting from this assumption, the search for a green alternative to produce nanoparticles (NPs) or the discovery of green molecules, is a challenge in order to obtain safe materials. In particular, gold (Au NPs) and silver (Ag NPs) NPs are particularly suitable because of their unique physico-chemical properties, in particular plasmonic behaviour that makes them useful as active anticancer agents. These NPs can be obtained by green approaches, alternative to conventional chemical methods, owing to the use of phytochemicals, carbohydrates, and other biomolecules present in plants, fungi, and bacteria, reducing toxic effects. In addition, we analysed the use of green and stimuli-responsive polymeric bio-inspired nanovesicles, mainly used in drug delivery applications that have revolutionised the way of drugs supply. Finally, we reported the last examples on the use of metallic and Au NPs as self-propelling systems as new concept of nanorobot, which are able to respond and move towards specific physical or chemical stimuli in biological entities.

Nano Structure and Properties of Beta–D-Poly-Glucopyranose

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 739-742
Author(s):  
Oleg Figovsky ◽  
Michael Ioelovich
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Supermolecular Structure ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Nano Structure ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Multi Level

Beta–D-poly-glucopyranose is widespread class of the natural semi-crystalline polysaccharide known as cellulose. This polymer has complicated multi-level supermolecular structure. It is built from elementary nano-fibrils and their aggregates; moreover, each nano-fibril contains ordered nanocrystallites and low-ordered amorphous nano-domains. Therefore cellulose can be a pronounced and eminent representative of nano-structured matters. Such nano matter has peculiar physico-chemical properties depending on specific surface of nano-scale constituents. In this paper, physico-chemistry of the nano-structured cellulose is discussed. In particular, the ability of nano-scale crystallites to co-crystallization and aggregation, as well as their ability to phase transformation through dissolution, alkalization and chemical modification was a subject of the investigation. Structural characteristics of paracrystalline surface layers of nano-crystallites and their effect on physico-chemical properties of the polysaccharide have been discussed.

scholarly journals A Polyhydroxyalkanoates-Based Carrier Platform of Bioactive Substances for Therapeutic Applications

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Xin-Yi Liu ◽  
Hao Yang ◽  
Jiang-Nan Chen ◽  
Ying Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Nano Structure ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Nano Structures ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Carrier Systems

Bioactive substances (BAS), such as small molecule drugs, proteins, RNA, cells, etc., play a vital role in many therapeutic applications, especially in tissue repair and regeneration. However, the therapeutic effect is still a challenge due to the uncontrollable release and instable physico-chemical properties of bioactive components. To address this, many biodegradable carrier systems of micro-nano structures have been rapidly developed based on different biocompatible polymers including polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), the microbial synthesized polyesters, to provide load protection and controlled-release of BAS. We herein highlight the developments of PHA-based carrier systems in recent therapeutic studies, and give an overview of its prospective applications in various disease treatments. Specifically, the biosynthesis and material properties of diverse PHA polymers, designs and fabrication of micro- and nano-structure PHA particles, as well as therapeutic studies based on PHA particles, are summarized to give a comprehensive landscape of PHA-based BAS carriers and applications thereof. Moreover, recent efforts focusing on novel-type BAS nano-carriers, the functionalized self-assembled PHA granules in vivo, was discussed in this review, proposing the underlying innovations of designs and fabrications of PHA-based BAS carriers powered by synthetic biology. This review outlines a promising and applicable BAS carrier platform of novelty based on PHA particles for different medical uses.

The bio-corona and its impact on nanomaterial toxicity

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Westmeier ◽  
Chunying Chen ◽  
Roland H. Stauber ◽  
Dominic Docter
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Molecular Building Blocks ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Corona Formation ◽  
Biophysical Forces ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
Toxic Potential

AbstractThe rapidly growing application of nano-sized materials and nano-scaled processes will result in increased exposure of humans and the environment. The small size of nanomaterials (NM) comparable with molecular building blocks of cells raises concerns that their toxic potential cannot be extrapolated from studies of larger particles due to their unique physico-chemical properties. These properties are also responsible that NM rapidly adsorb various (bio)molecules when introduced into complex physiological or natural environments. As the thus formed protein/biomolecule ‘corona’ seems to affect the NM’ in situ identity, an understanding of its toxicological relevance and the biophysical forces regulating corona formation is needed but not yet achieved. This review introduces our current concept of corona formation and evolution and present analytical methods for corona profiling. We discuss toxicity mechanisms potentially affected by the biomolecule corona, including NM cellular uptake and impact on components of the blood system. Further, we comment on pending knowledge gaps and challenges, which need to be resolved by the field. We conclude by presenting a tiered systems biology-driven approach recommended to mechanistically understand the coronas’ nanotoxicological relevance and predictive potential.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Properties of Inorganic NPs Influence the Absorption Rate of Aquatic Mosses Reducing Cytotoxicity on Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Model

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2885
Author(s):  
Valeria De Matteis ◽  
Makarena Rojas ◽  
Mariafrancesca Cascione ◽  
Stefano Mazzotta ◽  
Gian Pietro Di Sansebastiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Au Nps ◽  
Tio2 Nps ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Barrier Model

Noble metals nanoparticles (NPs) and metal oxide NPs are widely used in different fields of application and commercial products, exposing living organisms to their potential adverse effects. Recent evidences suggest their presence in the aquifers water and consequently in drinking water. In this work, we have carefully synthesized four types of NPs, namely, silver and gold NPs (Ag NPs and Au NPs) and silica and titanium dioxide NPs (SiO2 NPs and TiO2 NPs) having a similar size and negatively charged surfaces. The synthesis of Ag NPs and Au NPs was carried out by colloidal route using silver nitrate (AgNO3) and tetrachloroauric (III) acid (HAuCl4) while SiO2 NPs and TiO2 NPs were achieved by ternary microemulsion and sol-gel routes, respectively. Once the characterization of NPs was carried out in order to assess their physico-chemical properties, their impact on living cells was studied. We used the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2), known as the best representative intestinal epithelial barrier model to understand the effects triggered by NPs through ingestion. Then, we moved to explore how water contamination caused by NPs can be lowered by the ability of three species of aquatic moss, namely, Leptodictyum riparium, Vesicularia ferriei, and Taxiphyllum barbieri, to absorb them. The experiments were conducted using two concentrations of NPs (100 μM and 500 Μm as metal content) and two time points (24 h and 48 h), showing a capture rate dependent on the moss species and NPs type. Then, the selected moss species, able to actively capture NPs, appear as a powerful tool capable to purify water from nanostructured materials, and then, to reduce the toxicity associated to the ingestion of contaminated drinking water.

Mining a Nanoparticle Dataset, Compiled Within the MODENA-COST Action

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Sabine Van Miert ◽  
Jan Creylman ◽  
Geert R. Verheyen
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
In Vitro Testing ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
Cost Action ◽  
Robust Model ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Toxic Potential ◽  
Sheer Number

Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) have new or enhanced physico-chemical properties compared to their micron-sized counterparts, but may also have an increased toxic potential. Animal and in vitro testing are typically employed to investigate the toxic effects of (nano)materials. The sheer number of ENMs and their physico-chemical parameters make it impossible to only use in vivo and in vitro testing, and modelling technologies are also deployed to find relationships between ENM parameters and toxicity. A heterogenous dataset containing information on 192 nanoparticle endpoints was compiled within the MODENA COST-Action consortium. Here, the available data was mined to identify relationships between nanoparticle properties and cell-death as measured with four cytotoxicity assays. ANOVA, collinearity analyses and classification and regression trees gave indications on potential relations between the NP-properties and toxicity, but could not deliver a robust model. More information and datapoints are necessary to build well-validated models.

Decoration of specific sites on freeze-fractured membranes

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
H. Gross ◽  
H. Moor
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Forces ◽  
Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water Of Hydration ◽  
Small Container ◽  
Binding Forces

Fracturing under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV, p ≤ 10-9 Torr) produces membrane fracture faces devoid of contamination. Such clean surfaces are a prerequisite foe studies of interactions between condensing molecules is possible and surface forces are unequally distributed, the condensate will accumulate at places with high binding forces; crystallites will arise which may be useful a probes for surface sites with specific physico-chemical properties. Specific “decoration” with crystallites can be achieved nby exposing membrane fracture faces to water vopour. A device was developed which enables the production of pure water vapour and the controlled variation of its partial pressure in an UHV freeze-fracture apparatus (Fig.1a). Under vaccum (≤ 10-3 Torr), small container filled with copper-sulfate-pentahydrate is heated with a heating coil, with the temperature controlled by means of a thermocouple. The water of hydration thereby released enters a storage vessel.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Recombinant Desulphatohirudin

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (03) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Electricwala ◽  
L Irons ◽  
R Wait ◽  
R J G Carr ◽  
R J Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Alpha Helix ◽  
Apparent Molecular Weight ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Recombinant Hirudin ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Recombinant Molecule

SummaryPhysico-chemical properties of recombinant desulphatohirudin expressed in yeast (CIBA GEIGY code No. CGP 39393) were reinvestigated. As previously reported for natural hirudin, the recombinant molecule exhibited abnormal behaviour by gel filtration with an apparent molecular weight greater than that based on the primary structure. However, molecular weight estimation by SDS gel electrophoresis, FAB-mass spectrometry and Photon Correlation Spectroscopy were in agreement with the theoretical molecular weight, with little suggestion of dimer or aggregate formation. Circular dichroism studies of the recombinant molecule show similar spectra at different pH values but are markedly different from that reported by Konno et al. (13) for a natural hirudin-variant. Our CD studies indicate the presence of about 60% beta sheet and the absence of alpha helix in the secondary structure of recombinant hirudin, in agreement with the conformation determined by NMR studies (17)

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