scholarly journals Visible-light-mediated copper photocatalysis for organic syntheses

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 2520-2542
Author(s):  
Yajing Zhang ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Zongsheng Yan ◽  
Donglai Ma ◽  
Yuguang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Transition Metals ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Copper Complexes ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Photoredox Catalysis ◽  
Organic Halide ◽  
The Past ◽  
Further Development

Photoredox catalysis has been applied to renewable energy and green chemistry for many years. Ruthenium and iridium, which can be used as photoredox catalysts, are expensive and scarce in nature. Thus, the further development of catalysts based on these transition metals is discouraged. Alternative photocatalysts based on copper complexes are widely investigated, because they are abundant and less expensive. This review discusses the scope and application of photoinduced copper-based catalysis along with recent progress in this field. The special features and mechanisms of copper photocatalysis and highlights of the applications of the copper complexes to photocatalysis are reported. Copper-photocatalyzed reactions, including alkene and alkyne functionalization, organic halide functionalization, and alkyl C–H functionalization that have been reported over the past 5 years, are included.

Visible-light organic photoredox catalytic cascade reaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Qiang Xu ◽  
Peng-Fei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metals ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Visible Light Irradiation ◽  
Cascade Reactions ◽  
Cascade Reaction ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
The Past

Over the past years, impressive progress has been made on the development of organic photoredox catalytic cascade reactions without the participation of expensive and toxic transition-metals under visible light irradiation....

scholarly journals Visible-Light Active Nanomaterials for Environmental Remediation – A Mini Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 2535-2547
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Visible Light Active ◽  
Textile Industries ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Broad Overview

For the past few decades, industries like dyeing, paper, and textile industries have been releasing potentially hazardous substances which may affect human health. The majority of the pollutants present in water bodies comprise dyes. Although various traditional methods have been employed to treat wastewater from industries, recent advances in technology depict tapping of solar energy using visible light photocatalysts to remove toxic dyes hazardous to health. Nanomaterials have proved to enhance the properties of any material they are incorporated into, especially due to their increased surface areas in the case of catalysts, resulting in more interaction with the substrate. The uses of nanomaterials in photocatalytic degradation activities have also proven to increase degradation efficiencies. The present study is intended to provide a broad overview of the various contaminants, especially dyes, polluting the environment and the visible-light-active nanomaterials-related technologies available for their degradation. Further, the advantages of using such materials and technologies in improving the environment and human health will be discussed in detail, and the foundation for further development in this area will be highlighted.

scholarly journals Visible-Light-Mediated Photocatalytic Oxidative C–C Bond Cleavage of Geminal Diazides: An Approach to Oxamates

SynOpen ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Duddu S. Sharada ◽  
Narenderreddy Katta ◽  
Arumugavel Murugan ◽  
Sonika Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Bond Cleavage ◽  
Organic Dye ◽  
Single Electron ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Single Electron Transfer ◽  
Photoredox Catalysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Remarkable Progress

AbstractPhotoredox catalysis has received great attention in both academia and industry and remarkable progress has been made over the past decade. Now, it has been shown that a visible-light-mediated oxidative C–C bond cleavage of geminal diazides can be induced by organic dye catalysis for the synthesis of oxamates. A mechanistic study, confirmed by control experiments, indicates that this proceeds through single-electron transfer (SET). This methodology can be applied to convert a wide array of geminal diazides into oxamates.

Perceived Burden of Informal Caregivers of a Chronically Ill Older Family Member

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmar Gräßel ◽  
Raffaela Adabbo
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Informal Caregiver ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perceived Burden ◽  
Hypothetical Construct ◽  
Care Situation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

The burden of caregivers has been intensively researched for the past 30 years and has resulted in a multitude of individual findings. This review illustrates the significance of the hypothetical construct of perceived burden for the further development and design of the homecare situation. Following explanations regarding the term informal caregiver, we derive the construct burden from its conceptual association with the transactional stress model of Lazarus and Folkman. Once the extent and characteristics of burden have been set forth, we then present the impact of perceived burden as the care situation. The question of predictors of burden will lead into the last section from which implications can be derived for homecare and relief of caregivers.

Commonwealth of Independent States: The First 20 Years

2011 ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shumsky
Keyword(s):  
Commonwealth Of Independent States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Further Development

The article assesses the effectiveness and outcomes of cooperation of the Commonwealth participating states over the past 20 years. It reviews perspectives and directions for further development of the CIS taking into account the conditions and characteristics of integration processes of the post-Soviet states, implementation of the principles of multilevel and multispeed integration of the Commonwealth participating states.

Regioselective C3-H Trifluoromethylation of 2H-Indazole Under Transition-Metal-Free Photoredox Catalysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arumugavel Murugan ◽  
Venkata Nagarjuna Babu ◽  
Nagaraj Sabarinathan ◽  
Sharada Duddu. S
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Hypervalent Iodine ◽  
Radical Mechanism ◽  
Photoredox Catalysis ◽  
Metal Free

Here we report a visible-light-promoted metal-free regioselective C3-H trifluoromehtylation reaction that proceeds via radical mechanism and which supported by control experiments. The combination of photoredox catalysis and hypervalent iodine reagent provides a practical approach for the present trifluoromethylation reaction and synthesis of a library of trifluoromethylated indazoles.

Recognition Pattern, Functional Mechanism and Application of Chitin and Chitosan Oligosaccharides in Sustainable Agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (29) ◽  
pp. 3508-3521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Jia ◽  
Mijanur R. Rajib ◽  
Heng Yin
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharides ◽  
Recognition Pattern ◽  
Functional Mechanism ◽  
Chitin And Chitosan ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Further Development

Background: Application of chitin attracts much attention in the past decades as the second abundant polysaccharides in the world after cellulose. Chitin oligosaccharides (CTOS) and its deacetylated derivative chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) were shown great potentiality in agriculture by enhancing plant resistance to abiotic or biotic stresses, promoting plant growth and yield, improving fruits quality and storage, etc. Those applications have already served huge economic and social benefits for many years. However, the recognition mode and functional mechanism of CTOS and COS on plants have gradually revealed just in recent years. Objective: Recognition pattern and functional mechanism of CTOS and COS in plant together with application status of COS in agricultural production will be well described in this review. By which we wish to promote further development and application of CTOS and COS–related products in the field.

Recent Progress in Machine Learning-based Prediction of Peptide Activity for Drug Discovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qihui Wu ◽  
Hanzhong Ke ◽  
Dongli Li ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Jiansong Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Anticancer Peptides ◽  
The Past ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Large Scale Screening

Over the past decades, peptide as a therapeutic candidate has received increasing attention in drug discovery, especially for antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), anticancer peptides (ACPs) and antiinflammatory peptides (AIPs). It is considered that the peptides can regulate various complex diseases which are previously untouchable. In recent years, the critical problem of antimicrobial resistance drives the pharmaceutical industry to look for new therapeutic agents. Compared to organic small drugs, peptide- based therapy exhibits high specificity and minimal toxicity. Thus, peptides are widely recruited in the design and discovery of new potent drugs. Currently, large-scale screening of peptide activity with traditional approaches is costly, time-consuming and labor-intensive. Hence, in silico methods, mainly machine learning approaches, for their accuracy and effectiveness, have been introduced to predict the peptide activity. In this review, we document the recent progress in machine learning-based prediction of peptides which will be of great benefit to the discovery of potential active AMPs, ACPs and AIPs.

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