scholarly journals A unified treatment of the exceptions to the Agent/ECM Correlation

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Ito
Keyword(s):  
Font Size ◽  
Internal Argument ◽  
Change Of State

<p><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT';">Based on the contrast between the </span><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS'; font-style: italic;">believe-class </span><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT';">and the </span><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS'; font-style: italic;">wager-class </span><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT';">verbs, Pesetsky (1992) makes a generalization that agentive verbs do not allow ECM (the Agent/ECM Correlation). <span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT';">However, he notes two classes of exceptions to the generalization.</span> I argue that the two classes of exceptions can be uniformly treated as causatives and that the Agent/ECM Correlation can be seen as an instance of the broader l-syntax finding that “not all internal arguments are created equal”–with agentive activity verbs the root selects an internal argument, but not with change-of-state verbs (Basilico 1998, Hale and Keyser 2002, Alexiadou and Schäfer 2011, Cuervo 2014). </span></p><p> </p>

Reanalyzing Mandarin V1-V2 resultative constructions—A force-theoretic approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Peng (Benjamin) Han
Keyword(s):  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
External Argument ◽  
Result State ◽  
Resultative Constructions ◽  
Causal Influence ◽  
Internal Argument ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
Resultative Construction ◽  
Event Based

Abstract This study takes a force-theoretic approach to Mandarin V1-V2 resultative constructions. Unlike event-based analyses that hold a causing event accountable for a result state, this study attributes a result state to a specific entity involved in the relevant causing event. In this way, V1-V2 resultative construction (RC) sentences have the interpretation that through a causing action, one entity relevant to the action caused a change of state to another entity; this causal influence is reconceptualized as a force from the former entity, characterizing the situation change concerning the latter entity. Following Copley and Harley (2015), this conceptual reanalysis is represented structurally, successfully deriving V1-V2 RC sentences. V2 and the internal argument DP specify the property of a resultant situation and its holder, defining the force; the external argument DP tells about this force's source; V1 modifies this force, indicating the causing action through which this force is realized.

How are Lexical-Semantic Differences Represented in L2 Syntax? A Study of the Unaccusative/Unergative Distinction in L2 Chinese

1996 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 201-215
Author(s):  
Boping Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Subject Position ◽  
External Argument ◽  
Object Position ◽  
Internal Argument ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
Single Argument ◽  
Unaccusative Verbs ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Intransitive Verbs

It has been proposed that intransitive verbs can be divided into two subgroups, unaccusative verbs, such as break and arrive, and unergative verbs, such as laugh and swim. The former type has an internal argument, but no external one, whereas the latter type has an external argument but no internal one. Unaccusative verbs are verbs of change of state or location, while unergative verbs are a set of agentive monadic verbs including verbs of manner of motion. In English, the internal argument of the unaccusative verb has to move to subject position to be Case-marked. In Chinese, however, the internal argument can remain in object position and get inherent partitive Case as long as it is an indefinite NP. External arguments of unergative verbs in both English and Chinese are in preverbal position whether they are definite or indefinite. The study reported in this paper was aimed at finding out whether the lexical-semantic distinction between the unaccusative verb and the unergative verb could be properly represented in English-speaking learners' L2 syntax of Chinese and whether the learner would only allow the single argument of the unaccusative verb but disallow that of the unergative verb to be in object position. The results indicate that the unaccusative/unergative distinction is acquired very late by English-speaking learners, and that the acquisition does not proceed in a linear fashion.

scholarly journals Stativity in the Causative Alternation? New Questions and a New Variant

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-259
Author(s):  
Maria Eugenia Mangialavori Rasia
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
External Argument ◽  
Present Discussion ◽  
Verb Classes ◽  
Internal Argument ◽  
Causative Alternation ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
New Variant

AbstractThis paper discusses whether capacity to license an internal argument and eventivity are default properties of so-called change-of-state verbs.I draw attention to the claim that, in certain languages, the causative-inchoative alternation extends to a third, external-argument-only variant with stative behavior. Productivity and systematicity raise a host of problems for current generalizations on the Causative Alternation and change-of-state verbs for various reasons, starting from the long-held claim that unique arguments of change-of-state verbs are by default internal. Insofar as the causative component is independently realized in a noneventive, nonepisodic frame, this variant challenges (a) a widely agreed rule of event composition, whereby cause, if present, causally implicates process; (b) the claim that cause(r) interpretation of the external argument is a byproduct of transitivization. The present discussion: (a) brings out a crosslanguage contrast bearing on default (cause/undergoer) interpretation of unique arguments in equipollent alternations; (b) provides new empirical data supporting the stativity of the (causative) outer v head; (c) substantiates important predictions in the literature (e.g. that verbs of causation should have stative readings; that external-argument-only variants of Object-Experiencer verbs should be found); (d) captures further verb classes allowing the alternation; and (e) shows crucial contrasts with other transitive-(in/a)transitive alternations involving null/arb objects. Aspect and determination of different (a)atransitivity alternations are central throughout.

scholarly journals On the syntax of anticausativisation and decausativisation in Japanese and Chinese

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 805-822
Author(s):  
Wenchao Li
Keyword(s):  
Word Form ◽  
Internal Argument ◽  
Intransitive Verb ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
Transitive Verbs ◽  
Compound Verbs ◽  
Intransitive Verbs ◽  
Verb Compounds

This paper is dedicated to a comparison of transitive/intransitive verb alternation in Japanese and Chinese. Discussions are focused upon three grammatical elements: monosyllabic verbs, compound verbs and constructions. The findings reveal that the two languages share similarities in two aspects: (i). transitive and intransitive verbs share the same word form; (ii) transitive and intransitive verbs can derive from the same adjective stems. Significant distinctions are also seen between the two: anticausativisation and decausativisation in Japanese are mainly facilitated in morphological level, e.g. anticausativisation is realised through the morpheme and decausativisation is conveyed by . The morpheme can be used with both intransitive and transitive verbs. Regarding Chinese, lexical and syntax have a curial role to play in transitive/intransitive verb alternation. Decausativisation appears the most favourable strategy of the alternation. Two ways of decausativisation is observed: schema of [action + resultative state]; verb compounds (V-V). Three types of V-Vs are possible for this strategy, i.e. Predicate-Complement V-V, Modifier-Head V-V and Coordinative V-V. Among them, predicate-complement V-V has the largest token of decausativisation. Moreover, constraints on Chinese anticausativisation and decausativisation are seen. When a resultative complment predicate an internal argument, the higher the agentivity that implies manner of action, the greater the unlikelihood of anticausativisation. In decausativisation, the internal argument that accepts the change of state is limited to the ‘possessive relationship.

Analisis Kebutuhan Kamus Baca Bergambar untuk Mempermudah Siswa Belajar Bahasa Mandarin

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chintya Prabawati ◽  
Anggraeni Anggraeni
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Kamus baca bergambar merupakan salah satu media penunjang pembelajaran yang dapat membuat siswa lebih tertarik dan mempermudah dalam proses pembelajaran. Berdasarkan observasi, bahwa banyak berbagai macam kamus baca bergambar yang ditemukan. Hal ini dapat mempengaruhi daya tangkap pemahaman siswa dalam Bahasa Mandarin. Oleh sebab itu, pada penelitian ini  peneliti berusaha menganalisis kamus baca bergambar Bahasa Mandarin sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini, yaitu 1) Mengetahui kebutuhan siswa akan kamus baca bergambar untuk mempermudah siswa dan guru belajar bahasa Mandarin, 2) Mengetahui kesesuaian kamus baca bergambar dengan kebutuhan siswa melalui analisis SWOT untuk mempermudah belajar bahasa Mandarin. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, karena peneliti akan menjabarkan kebutuhan kamus baca bergambar untuk mempermudah siswa belajar Bahasa Mandarin. Hasil dari penelitian ini menghendaki kamus baca bergambar yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa berdasarkan penyusunan kosakata, jumlah kosakata per halaman, tampilan/ layout kosakata, font Hanzi, font size Hanzi, font Pinyin, font size Pinyin, gambar/ ilustrasi.Picture reading dictionary is one of the supporting learning media that can make students more interested and simplify the learning process. Based on observations, that many various kinds of picture reading dictionaries were found. This can affect the comprehension of students' comprehension in Mandarin. Therefore, in this study the researchers tried to analyze the Chinese picture reading dictionary according to the students' needs. The purpose of this study, namely 1) Knowing the needs of students for picture reading dictionaries to facilitate students and teachers learning Mandarin, 2) Knowing the suitability of picture reading dictionaries with students' needs through SWOT analysis to facilitate learning Chinese. This research uses descriptive qualitative method, because the researcher will describe the need for  a picture reading dictionary to facilitate students learning Mandarin. The results of  this study require a picture reading dictionary that suits students' needs based on vocabulary preparation, number of vocabularies per page, display / layout of vocabulary, Hanzi fonts, Hanzi font sizes, Pinyin fonts, Pinyin font sizes, pictures / illustrations.Picture reading dictionary is one of the supporting learning media that can make students more interested and simplify the learning process. Based on observations, that many various kinds of picture reading dictionaries were found. This can affect the comprehension of students' comprehension in Mandarin. Therefore, in this study the researchers tried to analyze the Chinese picture reading dictionary according to the students' needs. The purpose of this study, namely 1) Knowing the needs of students for picture reading dictionaries to facilitate students and teachers learning Mandarin, 2) Knowing the suitability of picture reading dictionaries with students' needs through SWOT analysis to facilitate learning Chinese. This research uses descriptive qualitative method, because the researcher will describe the need for  a picture reading dictionary to facilitate students learning Mandarin. The results of  this study require a picture reading dictionary that suits students' needs based on vocabulary preparation, number of vocabularies per page, display / layout of vocabulary, Hanzi fonts, Hanzi font sizes, Pinyin fonts, Pinyin font sizes, pictures / illustrations.

Cópulas en geoestadística o lo que se puede hacer con coordenadas y estructuras de dependencia

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Danna Lesley Cruz Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Title Page ◽  
Font Size

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'SFRM1000';">Es común en geoestadística utilizar métodos como el variograma o el coe- ficiente de correlación para describir la dependencia espacial y kriging para rea- lizar interpolación y predicción, pero estos métodos son sensibles a valores extremos y están fuertemente influen- ciados por la distribución marginal del campo aleatorio. Por lo tanto, pueden conducir a resultados poco fiables. Co- mo alternativa a los modelos tradicio- nales de geoestadística se considera el uso de las funciones cópula. La cópula es ampliamente usada en el campo de las finanzas y ciencias actuariales y debi- do a sus resultados satisfactorios empe- zaron a ser consideradas en otras áreas de aplicación de las ciencias estadísti- cas. En este artículo se muestra el efec- to de las cópulas como una herramienta que muestra un análisis geoestadístico bajo todo el rango de cuantiles y una es- tructura de dependencia completa, con- siderando modelos de tendencia espa- cial, distribuciones marginales continuas y discretas y funciones de covarianza. Se presentan tres métodos de interpolación espacial: el primero corresponde al indi- cador kriging y kriging disyuntivo, el se- gundo método se conoce como el kriging simple y el tercer método es una predic- ción plug-in y la generalización del kri- ging trans-Gaussiano, estos métodos son utilizados con base en la función cópula debido a la relación que existe entre las cópulas bivariadas y los indicadores de covarianzas. Se presenta resultados ob- tenidos para un conjunto de datos reales de la ciudad de Gomel que contiene me- diciones de isotopos radioactivos, conse- cuencia del accidente nuclear de Cher- nóbil. Finalmente, se presenta resultado obtenidos con el uso de cópulas discre- tas a un conjunto de datos simulados, esto permite realizar una extensión a los trabajos usuales de cópulas en Geoesta- dística. Este artículo es producto de la tesis de Maestría dirigida por el Profe- sor Edilberto Cepeda de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. </span></p></div></div></div>

Change of state of generalized trusses

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 215-224
Author(s):  
Zsolt Gáspár
Keyword(s):  
Change Of State

INFESTACIÓN POR ASCARIS, CUANDO LA POBREZA SE CONVIERTE EN ENFERMEDAD: REVISIÓN A PROPÓSITO DE UN CASO.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Magdalena Peñafiel Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Font Size

<p><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">Se presente un caso de perforación intestinal por <em>Áscaris lumbricoides</em> en el Hospital Docente Pedro Vicente Maldonado situado en el subtropical del Noroccidente de Pichincha, en el año 2018. Se trata de un paciente escolar quien acude posterior a la valoración por dos unidades de salud de manera ambulatoria en estado de shock séptico por perforación intestinal, durante su intervención se evidencia la infestación de Áscaris como causante de cuadro. Múltiples factores en contra afectaron su adecuada intervención entre esos los bajos recursos económicos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Ascaris lumbricoides es el parásito de lombriz intestinal más común y más grande del intestino humano, su prevalencia es superior en los países tropicales donde los climas cálidos y húmedos favorecen la transmisión durante todo el año. La obstrucción del intestino puede ser causada por una infestación masiva.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar qué factores socio - económicos pudieron intervenir en este cuadro y realizar un juicio crítico sobre el uso masivo de antiparasitarios.</span></p>

PENGENDALIAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH OLEH TEH HIJAU DAN ATAU TEH DAUN MURBEI PADA TIKUS DIABETES

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Rusman Efendi ◽  
Evy Damayanthi ◽  
Lilik Kustiyah ◽  
Nastiti Kusumorini
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Font Size ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Control Diabetes

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 7.1pt 6pt 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1cm;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Diabetes mellitus is degeneratif disease with high prevalence that happens in many countries. Several studies had been done to control diabetes by using green tea, mullberry leaf  tea, and their mixture. The aim of this research was to analyze the influence of the administration green tea, mullbery leaf tea, and their mixtures to blood glucose level of diabetic rats both during 120 minutes after administration. This research had four phases, first to determine the best mullberry leaf tea, second to fourth phases respectively, determine turnover of blood glucose level on normal rats; attempt during 120 minutes on diabetic rats.  The result of research during 120 minutes have showed that blood glucose level on diabetic rats which were administered by green tea, mullberry leaf tea and their mixture is significantly difference with diabetic rats which were administered by water. Blood glucose level at baseline increased at 30<sup>th </sup>minutes and showed the difference significantly and then until 60<sup>th</sup> and 120<sup>th</sup> minutes and relatively stable. During 120 minutes after feed consumption, inhibition of blood glucose level occured increasingly on diabetic rats which were administered by green tea, mullberry leaf tea, and their mixture compared to diabetic rats which were administered by water.</span></p>

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