scholarly journals Shifty behavior: Investigating predicates of personal taste and perspectival anaphors

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Elsi Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Strong Preference ◽  
Personal Taste ◽  
Predicates Of Personal Taste ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Source Of Information

Many expressions in language are perspective-sensitive, including predicates of personal taste and some anaphoric forms. This paper reports experiments testing sentences like Nora told/heard from Amy about the frightening photograph of her/herself, with two perspective-sensitive elements, to see whether and how identification of the judge of predicates of personal taste relates to identification of the antecedent of pronouns and reflexives in picture-NPs. This allows to us test if they follow a shift-together constraint requiring them to be interpreted relative to the same perspectival center. Our results corroborate earlier findings on the source/perceiver biases of reflexives and pronouns, and reveal a strong preference to interpret the individual who is the source of information as the judge, but do not provide clear evidence for a shift-together constraint on the interpretation of PPTs and pronouns and reflexives in picture-NPs.

The Role of Normative Information in Judgments of Others

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine H. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Interpersonal Perception ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Average Person ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Source Of Information

When forming impressions of an other’s personality, people often rely on information not directly related to the individual at hand. One source of information that can influence people’s impressions of others is the personality of the average person (i.e., normative profile). This relationship between the normative profile and an impression is called normative accuracy or normativity. In this chapter, you will learn about the average personality, why it is important, the relationship to social desirability and what it means to have a normative impression, as well as correlates and moderators of normativity. More broadly, you will learn about current research and views regarding the normative profile and normative impressions as well as concrete steps for incorporating this approach into your future research on interpersonal perception.

scholarly journals A Sensibilist Explanation of Imaginative Resistance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Nils Franzén
Keyword(s):  
Actual World ◽  
David Hume ◽  
Recent Discussion ◽  
Personal Taste ◽  
Predicates Of Personal Taste ◽  
Imaginative Resistance ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Evaluative Terms ◽  
The Way

Abstract This article discusses why it is the case that we refuse to accept strange evaluative claims as being true in fictions, even though we are happy to go along with other types of absurdities in such contexts. For instance, we would refuse to accept the following statement as true, even in the context of a fiction: (i) In killing her baby, Giselda did the right thing; after all, it was a girl. This article offers a sensibilist diagnosis of this puzzle, inspired by an observation first made by David Hume. According to sensibilism, the way we feel about things settles their evaluative properties. Thus, when confronted with a fictional scenario where the configuration of non-evaluative facts and properties is relevantly similar to the actual world, we refuse to go along with evaluative properties being instantiated according to a different pattern. It is the attitudes we hold in the actual world that fix the extension of evaluative terms, even in nonactual worlds. When engaging with a fiction, we (to some extent) leave our beliefs about what the world is like behind, while taking our emotional attitudes with us into the fiction. To substantiate this diagnosis, this paper outlines a sensibilist semantics for evaluative terms based on recent discussion regarding predicates of personal taste, and explains how, together with standard assumptions about the nature of fictional discourse, it makes the relevant predictions with respect to engagement with fictions.

Youtube as a source of information on "Manual Blood Pressure Measurement"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Fatih Yılmaz ◽  
Sedat Kalkan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Educational Value ◽  
Manual Blood Pressure ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Source Of Information

Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate the quality and reliability of videos on manual blood pressure measurement on Youtube. Patients and Methods: In January 2021, the first 100 videos found as a result of a search with the keywords 'manual blood pressure measurement' on Youtube were watched and evaluated. According to exclusion criteria, 75 videos were included in the study. Duplicate videos, irrelevant videos, and videos in languages other than English were excluded from the study. Each video was scored according to the questions prepared based on the guidelines. The GQS score and the 'Reliability' score were used to assess the quality of the videos. Results: According to the checklist prepared according to the hypertension consensus report, the mean score of the videos was 8.33 ± 2.1. When the videos were evaluated according to their sources, the average score of the videos of the health sites was 9±2.5, the average score of the videos of the individual health workers was 8.66±1.8, the average score of the videos of the unidentified people was 7.54±2.1. Conclusion: Manual blood pressure measurement videos on Youtube have little educational value. Videos of health websites should be preferred for education.

scholarly journals Biomechanics and the wheelchair

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. McLaurin ◽  
C. E. Brubaker
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Power Input ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
Wheelchair User ◽  
Wind Resistance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Source Of Information

Wheelchair biomechanics involves the study of how a wheelchair user imparts power to the wheels to achieve mobility. Because a wheelchair can coast, power input need not be continuous, but each power strike can be followed by a period of recovery, with the stroking frequency depending on user preferences and the coasting characteristics of the wheelchair. The latter is described in terms of rolling resistance, wind resistance and the slope of the surface. From these three factors the power required to propel the wheelchair is determined, and must be matched by the power output of the user. The efficiency of propulsion is the ratio of this power output to the metabolic cost and is typically in the order of 5% in normal use. The features required in a wheelchair depend upon user characteristics and intended activities. The ideal wheelchair for an individual will have the features that closely match these characteristics and activities. Thus prescription is not just choosing a wheelchair, but choosing the components of the wheelchair that best serve the intended purpose. In this paper, each component is examined for available options and how these options effect the performance of the wheelchair for the individual. The components include wheels, tyres, castors, frames, bearings, materials, construction details, seats, backrests, armrests, foot and legrests, headrests, wheel locks, running brakes, handrims, levers, accessories, adjustments and detachable parts. Each component is considered in relation to performance characteristics including rolling resistance, versatility, weight, comfort, stability, maneouvrability, transfer, stowage, durability and maintenance. Where they exist, wheelchair standards are referred to as a source of information regarding these characteristics.

Photos, Videos, and Other Technology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Astor ◽  
Rami Benbenishty
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
School Safety ◽  
The Public ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Speak Up ◽  
Source Of Information

On their own, photos and videos are not a reliable source of information about what is taking place in a school. It’s easy to react emotionally or with outrage to a video of a fight, a child being picked on, or some other display of abuse or wrongdoing. But everyone knows from highly publicized incidents posted on YouTube, Twitter, or other social media sites that photos and videos can be taken out of context. They tell a story, but they don’t tell the whole story. Even so, they can be used by administrators to discern whether the action shown in the photo or video is an isolated incident or could be a symptom of a larger problem. If an alarming photo or video taken at a school is receiving attention from the media, it’s better to talk about it with the school community as soon as possible than to pretend it didn’t happen. Situations like these create an opportunity to examine and share other sources of data about school safety, violence, and victimization. Too often, one incident can cause the public to draw conclusions about a school that are not accurate. That’s why a monitoring system is necessary— to put such an incident in context. Administrators who can refer to other sources of data regarding violence, drug use, or weapons can respond with more confidence when faced with criticism over one incident. As part of a monitoring system, photos, videos and other technology can be used for positive purposes. They allow students who might skip questions on a survey or don’t want to speak up during a focus group to express themselves in a different way. There are many examples of projects in which students are given cameras and microphones and encouraged to express themselves and present their experiences in school through this media. In addition to the individual students benefitting from such experiences, school leaders, staff members, and parents get the opportunity to see the school from the students’ perspectives.

The influence of “Facebook friends” on the intention to join brand pages

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 580-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariola Palazon ◽  
María Sicilia ◽  
Manuela Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Tie Strength ◽  
Weak Ties ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Past Behavior ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Of Experience ◽  
Source Of Information

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the role of Facebook friends on the intention to join brand pages in this social network site (SNS). SNSs have grown in both popularity and use. They allow individuals to articulate their social networks by developing a list of other members on the site with whom they share a connection. These platforms also allow companies to create profiles to promote their brands. However, many firms have jumped into SNSs by creating a “brand page” without fully understanding how to spread it successfully. Design/methodology/approach – Two experiments were developed. In the first one, the authors manipulated how the individual comes to know about brand pages. Participants discovered a brand page through a friend with whom they have either a strong tie or a weak tie. In the second experiment (2 × 2), the authors manipulated tie strength (strong vs weak) and the type of recommendation (active vs passive). Findings – Results of the first study show that as the individual has more experience in Facebook (measured in this paper through satisfaction, past behavior of following brands and Facebook intensity), the effect of tie strength on the intention to join a brand page dilutes. The second study confirms Study 1 and shows that strong ties exert more influence than weak ties when the brand page is actively recommended by Facebook friends. Practical implications – This paper shows that the influence of strong ties is particularly important for individuals with low levels of experience in Facebook. As experience in SNSs is expected to continue growing, managers should not forget the role of weak ties as a source of information for their networked friends. Strong ties only remain more influential than weak ties when the information about the brand page is received through an invitation. Originality/value – This paper explores the interpersonal influences in Facebook, asserting that the influence of tie strength depends on the level of experience in the SNS, and on the way, information about the brand page is received.

scholarly journals ІНФОРМАЦІЙНІ РИЗИКИ БЕЗПЕКИ ДИТИНИ У ТУРБУЛЕНТНОМУ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ З ПОЗИЦІЇ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
International Law ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Health And Well Being

The transition to an informational lifestyle significantly increases the creative potential of society as a whole, and the individual in particular. Along with this, there is a significant increase of the load on the human’s mind under conditions of increasing flows of information and its turbulence. The information environment essentially becomes the main source of information for a person, has a direct impact on his mental activity, on the formation of his social behavior. A person is forced to live in this environment, to perceive its realities adequately, to adapt to information threats from this environment. The awareness of these threats has led to careful attention to information security. A child, being a specific member of a society, nevertheless acts as a full-fledged participant in information relations, and must be in such a state of protection, in which there is no risk associated with information causing harm to his health, physical, mental, spiritual and moral development.A child in his development, processing information, actively assimilates social experience, as well as a system of social connections and relationships, and subsequently reproduces all this in his life. In the course of this process, he acquires the qualities, values, beliefs and forms of behavior that he needs for normal life.Ensuring the information security of a child implies protection because of the destabilizing effect of information on health and mental, spiritual and moral development; creation of conditions for the information environment for positive socialization and individualization of the personality, optimal social, personal, cognitive and physical development, preservation of somatic, mental and psychological health and well-being, the formation of a positive worldview. The latter is possible when determining the main directions of state policy in the interests of children and the key mechanisms for its implementation, based on the generally recognized principles and norms of the international law.

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