Normative Data for the Subjective Visual Vertical Test during Centrifugation

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (07) ◽  
pp. 460-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faith W. Akin ◽  
Owen D. Murnane ◽  
Amber Pearson ◽  
Stephanie Byrd ◽  
J. Kip Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Normative Data ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Inertial Force ◽  
Subjective Visual Vertical ◽  
Cervical Injury ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Visual Vertical ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Vertical Test

Background: The otoliths act as gravito-inertial force sensors and contribute to the perception of spatial orientation. The perception of gravitational vertical can be assessed by asking a subject to adjust a light bar to the vertical. Prior to clinical use of the SVV (subjective visual vertical) test, normative data and test-retest reliability must be established. Purpose: To obtain normative data and d etermine the test-retest reliability for the SVV test performed in static and dynamic test conditions. Research Design: A descriptive design was used to obtain normative data. Study Sample: Twenty-four young adults with no history of neurological disease, middle-ear pathology, open or closed head injury, cervical injury, or audiovestibular disorder participated in the study. Data Collection and Analysis: The SVV angle was measured in the static position and in three dynamic conditions: (1) on-axis clockwise (CW) rotation, (2) off-axis CW rotation of right ear, and (3) off-axis CW rotation of left ear. Results: In young healthy individuals, the SVV was <2° for static and on-axis rotation, and shifted up to 11° during unilateral centrifugation. Test-retest reliability of the SVV was good for all test conditions. Conclusions: The normative data obtained in this study may be useful in identifying patients with chronic utricular dysfunction. We recommend the use of difference angles (on-axis SVV – off-axis SVV) to remove baseline bias and decrease the variability of the SVV angles for the off-axis conditions.

Assessment of Subjective Visual Vertical (SVV) Using the “Bucket Test” and the Virtual SVV System

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia L. Michelson ◽  
Devin L. McCaslin ◽  
Gary P. Jacobson ◽  
Michelle Petrak ◽  
Lauren English ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Subjective Visual Vertical ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Large Tertiary Care ◽  
Visual Vertical ◽  
Virtual System ◽  
The Right ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Head Positions

Objective The purpose of this study was to describe the variability and test–retest reliability of a commercially available subjective visual vertical (SVV) system known as Virtual SVV (Interacoustics). In addition, the study aimed to compare the reliability of the Virtual system with a previously established bucket test of SVV. Study Design Fifteen participants with normal hearing, normal middle ear function, and normal utricular function were included in the study. Each participant underwent static SVV testing using both the Virtual system and the bucket test. Subjects completed 2 testing sessions to determine test–retest reliability. For each test, data were collected with the head at 0°, tilted 45° to the right, and tilted 45° to the left. Setting This study was conducted in a balance function laboratory embedded in a large, tertiary care otology clinic. Results The mean SVV values obtained with the Virtual system were within 1°–2° from 0 with the head positioned at 0°, which is in agreement with many other studies of SVV with the head at 0° (Akin & Murnane, 2009; Halmagyi & Curthoys, 1999; Zwergal, Rettinger, Frenzel, Dieterich, & Strupp, 2009). Using the intraclass correlation coefficient, test–retest reliability of the Virtual system was excellent in the 45° left position and fair to good in the 45° right and 0° position. Test–retest reliability of the bucket test was poor in all head positions. Conclusions The Virtual system is a more reliable measure of static SVV than the bucket test. Therefore, the Virtual system could be utilized as a screening device for utricular dysfunction in busy clinical settings.

Subjective visual vertical in virtual reality (Curator SVV): validation and normative data

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elodie Chiarovano ◽  
Leigh A. McGarvie ◽  
David Szmulewicz ◽  
Hamish G. MacDougall
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Subjective Visual Vertical ◽  
Visual Vertical

scholarly journals Normative Data and Reliability of the Moving Shapes Paradigm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Shahrivar ◽  
Mehdi Tehrani-Doost ◽  
Anahita Khorrami Banaraki ◽  
Azar Mohammadzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Normative Data ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Rater Agreement ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Random Cluster ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reliable Instrument ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Objective: Moving Shapes paradigm is a test that evaluates intentionality as a theory of mind (ToM) component. This study aimed to assess the normative data and reliability of this test in a community sample of 9-11-year-old children. Method: A total of 398 children aged between 9 and 11 years were recruited from mainstream elementary schools through a random cluster sampling. All participants were evaluated using the Moving Shapes paradigm. To evaluate test-retest reliability, the test was administered again after 2-4 weeks. Results: The intentionality mean score was 29.70 (+5.88) out of 60. There was no significant difference between girls and boys in test scores. Age was not significantly related to the paradigm variables scores. Ten percent of the participants achieved the scores below 22, and 10% above 37. Cronbach’s Alfa was 0.40 for the intentionality score. The test-retest reliability was fair to good (0.43 - 0.79) for different groups of animations. The inter-rater agreement was 80%. Conclusion: The study found that the Moving shapes paradigm is a reliable instrument to evaluate intentionality in normal school-aged children.

scholarly journals A-03 SCAT5 Cognitive Screening Normative Data and Reliable Change Indices

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-599
Author(s):  
C Bailey ◽  
J Meyer ◽  
C Tangen ◽  
R Deane ◽  
S Briskin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normative Data ◽  
Recall Score ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Objective This study provides normative data on the SCAT5 Cognitive Screening, establishes test-retest reliability, and creates clinically relevant cut points for low performance. Method The multisport baseline sample was composed of 727 uninjured college athletes (52% female) at a Division I university who were administered the SCAT5 before the 2017–2018 season. Descriptive statistics, including base rates of low performance, were calculated for SCAT5 indices. Repeat baseline testing was completed by 325 athletes (48% female) at 1 year (days M = 352.56;SD = 56.03) who were included in the test-retest reliability and practice effect analyses. Reliable change indices were calculated. Results Descriptive statistics for SCAT5 were computed for both baselines (Baseline 1: SAC total M = 35.15,SD = 4.93; immediate recall total M = 20.01,SD = 3.46; delayed recall total M = 6.43,SD = 1.75). A difference in descriptive statistics and practice effects by sex on the SCAT5 Cognitive Screening has been demonstrated (Bailey, Meyer, Tangen et al., under review). For female athletes, the 1st administration cutoff scores for abnormal performance (&lt;10th%ile) included SAC total score = 33, immediate recall score = 18, and delayed recall score = 6. For male athletes, the 1st administration cutoff scores for abnormal performance (&lt;10th%ile) included SAC total score = 30, immediate recall score = 17, and delayed recall score = 5. Test-retest reliability of the SAC was similar to previous versions but varied by sex. Reliable change indices (RCI) were created with cut points for significant change. Conclusions The present study provides clinically relevant normative data for the SCAT5 Cognitive Screening. Cut points for low performance on both reliable chance indices (RCIs) and normative performance reflected meaningful sex differences that could influence clinical interpretation.

Acoustic Stapedial Reflexes in Healthy Neonates: Normative Data and Test-Retest Reliability

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 046-056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Kei
Keyword(s):  
Normative Data ◽  
Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Stapedial Reflex ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Background: The acoustic stapedial reflex (ASR) test provides useful information about the function of the auditory system. While it is frequently used with adults and children in a clinical setting, its use with young infants is limited. Presently, there are few data for neonates and inadequate research into the test-retest reliability of the ASR test. Purpose: This study aimed to establish normative data and evaluate the test-retest reliability of the ASR test in healthy neonates. Research Design: A cross-sectional experimental design was used to establish ASR normative data and assess the test-retest reliability of ASR thresholds obtained from healthy neonates. Study Sample: Sixty-eight full-term neonates with mean chronological age of 2.5 days (SD = 1.8 day), who passed the automated auditory brainstem response, transient evoked otoacoustic emission, and high frequency (1 kHz) tympanometry (HFT) tests. Data Collection and Analysis: One randomly selected ear from each neonate was tested using TEOAE (transient evoked otoacoustic emission), HFT, and ASR tests using a 1 kHz probe tone. ASR thresholds were elicited by presenting pure tones of 0.5, 2, and 4 kHz and broadband noise (BBN) separately to the test ear in an ipsilateral stimulation mode. The ASR procedure was repeated to acquire retest data within the same testing session. Descriptive statistics, χ2, and analysis of variance with repeated measures tests were used to analyze ASR data. Results: All neonates exhibited ASR when stimulated by tonal stimuli or BBN. The mean ASRTs (acoustic stapedial reflex thresholds) for the 0.5, 2, and 4 kHz tones were 81.6 ± 7.9, 71.3 ± 7.9, and 65.4 ± 8.7 dB HL, respectively. The mean ASRT for the BBN was estimated to be smaller than 57.2 dB HL, given the limitation of the equipment. The 95th percentiles of the ASRT were 95, 85, 80, and 75 dB HL for the 0.5, 2, and 4 kHz and BBN, respectively. The test-retest reliability of the ASR test for all stimuli was high, with no significant difference in mean ASRTs across the test and retest conditions. Test-retest differences were within 10 dB for more than 91% of ASRT data across all stimuli. There was a slight trend of ASRTs being more repeatable in the medium ASRT range than in the higher or lower range. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that ASRTs obtained from healthy neonates were highly repeatable across test and retest sessions. Given the availability of normative data and the high test-retest reliability, the ASR test will be useful as a diagnostic tool in a battery of tests to evaluate the auditory function of neonates.

Suinn Test Anxiety Behavior Scale: Normative Data for Graduate Students in Education

1982 ◽  
Vol 50 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1116-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl J. Ginter ◽  
Joseph J. Scalise ◽  
Richard R. McKnight ◽  
Francis G. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Anxiety Test ◽  
Anxiety Behavior ◽  
Behavior Scale ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

The Suinn Test Anxiety Behavior Scale was administered to both graduate and undergraduate students to reassess earlier findings (Suinn, 1969). The primary purpose of this study was to provide normative data for graduate students ( N = 153). Such information does not appear in Suinn's 1969 article. Means, standard deviations, and percentiles are reported for each sex, as well as for the total graduate sample. Females reported significantly higher test anxiety. Test-retest reliability over a 6-wk. interval was .73. In general, the findings for the graduate students were similar to Suinn's findings for undergraduates.

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