scholarly journals General features of anti-corruption policy in Ukraine

Legal Ukraine ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Legal System ◽  
General System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
The Soviet Union

The article examines the history of anti-corruption policy in Ukraine and the current state of the legislative framework. Various approaches to legal regulations and the etymology of anti-corruption law are considered. Great emphasis is placed on the study of the institutional framework of our state, namely, the study of the functioning of such state structures as the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption, the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor’s Office, Supreme Anti-Corruption Court. The analysis of the historical retrospective, taking into account political events for a better legal analysis. Based on the recommended amount of work, the state of anti-corruption policy is considered fragmentarily. In order to systematize the analysis of the work, the anti-corruption system of Ukraine was divided into 3 historical stages: the Soviet effect, the neoliberal tendency and the general system. The initial stages of the Ukrainian legal system are characterized by the dominance of the Soviet Union. It was during this period that corruption, as a phenomenon, is gaining new dimensions. Among the main methods of fighting corruption, the Soviet Union used methods of cruel punishment. In the USSR, the death penalty was introduced in 1950 for the theft of socialist property. Soon it was not possible to control power, and during the Brezhnev era, an alternative economy appeared due to which bribery increased. Soviet leaders often used corruption for political ends to eliminate their direct political rivals. The Soviet government tried to ignore corruption and not regulate crime within the legal framework. The period of independent Ukraine was characterized by the country’s movement choice. The national doctrine boiled down to neutrality between Europe and the post-Soviet countries, which created a common legal system. The key moment was Ukraine’s accession to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe in 1996. The liberalization of legislation to the European model soon began. Revolutionary changes were adopted, and in 2014 the construction of anti-corruption bodies began. . Key words: normative legal act, anti-corruption legislation, legal doctrine, institutional framework.

Development of the Legal Framework for Regulating Relations for the Training and Retraining of Judges in the Soviet Period (1946–1991)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
S. I. Pukhnarevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
The Soviet Union

The article shows the formation of the legal basis for the formation, development and functioning of the system of training and retraining of judicial personnel in the country in the period from 1946 until the end of the USSR. The article also explores the forms and approaches to the organization of improving the quality of the staff of the judicial system. It was concluded that the Soviet Union has formed an ideologically oriented, strictly centralized Federal-Republican system of professional development of court employees.

Soviet Defectors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Riehle
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
National Security ◽  
Privileged Information ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Threat Perceptions ◽  
Aggregate Analysis ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Decision Making System ◽  
The Stability

This book identifies 88 Soviet intelligence officers who defected from 1924 to 1954 and provides an aggregate analysis of their information to uncover Soviet strategic priorities and concerns. When intelligence officers defect, they take with them privileged information and often communicate it to the receiving state, and thereby they open a window into a closed national security decision making system. The book provides the most comprehensive list of Soviet intelligence officer defectors compiled to date representing a variety of specializations. Through the information they provided in now-declassified debriefings, documents they brought with them, and post-defection publications and public appearances, this book shows the evolution of Soviet threat perceptions and the development of the "main enemy" concept in the Soviet national security system. It also shows fluctuations in the Soviet recruitment and vetting of personnel for sensitive national security positions, corresponding with fluctuations in the stability of the Soviet government. The shifting motivations of these officers also reveals the pressures that they were experiencing at the time, leading to their choice to break with the Soviet Union.

scholarly journals Zagadnienia prawno-administracyjne uzyskania statusu repatrianta w warunkach polskiego systemu prawnego obowiązującego od 1944 do 1997 roku

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 117-134
Author(s):  
Tomasz Janik ◽  
Maciej Janik
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Legal System ◽  
World War ◽  
The Soviet Union

The Issues of Legal and Administrative Status of a Repatriate under Conditions of the Polish Legal System in Force 1944–1997 Article is devoted to the issue return to the Polish Poles since the end of World War II after the turn of the time associated with the collapse of the Soviet Union. It is a description of the tests and methods of approach to this compelling phenomenon of migration that is repatriation, in the framework of administrative and legal solutions.

“Ballet Is a Flower”

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-128
Author(s):  
Anne Searcy
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
York City ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
George Balanchine ◽  
The Soviet Union

Chapter 4 analyzes New York City Ballet’s (NYCB’s) 1962 tour of the Soviet Union and the Soviet reception of NYCB choreographer George Balanchine. Previous scholarly accounts have claimed the Soviet reviews of Balanchine’s works were heavily censored, and that, as a result, the tour undermined the authority of the Soviet government with the intelligentsia. Chapter 4 re-examines this tour, using transliteration as a way of modeling the Soviet response to Balanchine. This re-examination shows that Soviet cultural authorities were not at all hostile to the choreographer or his company. The Soviet critics mostly accepted Balanchine’s ballets, but they reframed his accomplishments within their own debates about drambalet and choreographic symphonism. According to Balanchine’s Soviet critics, his works were successful precisely because they reaffirmed the value of the Russian systems of training, artistry, and meaning.

Stepping Back from the Third World: Soviet Policy toward the United Arab Republic, 1965–1967

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Laron
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Third World ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
United Arab Republic ◽  
The Third ◽  
Military Involvement ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Small Powers

This article shows that for two years prior to the June 1967 Six-Day Mideast War, Soviet-Egyptian relations had begun to fray because the Soviet Union wanted to loosen its ties with radical regimes in the Third World, including Gamal Abdel Nasser's Egypt. Soviet leaders urged Nasser to reform the Egyptian economy, decrease Egypt's military involvement in Yemen, and allow the Soviet Navy unfettered access to Egyptian ports. But like numerous other small powers during the Cold War, Egypt was able to fend off the pressure of its superpower ally. In May 1967, when Egypt unilaterally decided to bring its forces into the Sinai, Soviet leaders were divided over how to respond to the crisis that engulfed the Middle East. In the end, the more cautious faction in Moscow prevailed, and the Soviet government continued to be wary of becoming embroiled in conflicts initiated by radical Third World regimes.

A New Legal Framework for Trade Between the United States and the Soviet Union: The 1972 US-USSR Trade Agreement

1973 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-83
Author(s):  
Robert Starr
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Soviet Union

On October 18, 1972 the United States and the Soviet Union completed the negotiation of a comprehensive series of arrangements covering trade between the two countries. A Trade Agreement, consisting of nine articles and three annexes, and complemented by several exchanges of letters, establishes a new legal framework for the development of US-USSR trade.

scholarly journals Non-Soviet Perspectives on the Great Famine: A Comparative Analysis of British, Italian, Polish, and German Sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Fonzi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Great Famine ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe present contribution analyzes systematically diplomatic reports written by German, Italian, British, and Polish representatives in the Soviet Union at the time of the Great Famine. Based on both published documents and unpublished archival sources, the article examines comparatively the perception of the Great Famine in these four countries. After providing a short overview of the diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and the four countries at the time of the famine, this article examines how German, Italian, British, and Polish diplomats explained three key issues for understanding the Great Famine: (1) the role of the conflicts between state and peasantry in unleashing the famine; (2) the issue of whether the Soviet government intentionally caused the famine; and (3) the role of intentions in the development of the famine and the relationship between the nationalities policy of the Soviet government and the famine.

Human Rights and Cuban Law

Worldview ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
Elena Mederos
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Legal System ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
International Laws

The traditional dualism of law and extralegal coercion in the socialist bloc countries is well known. It is also well known that this dualism provides the framework for systematic circumvention of human rights. As it occurs in the Soviet Union, this phenomenon has been the object of scholarly studies, and a similar analysis of its existence in Cuba is long overdue. The point of this article, however, is not the violation of human rights in Cuba that violates its own or international laws but, rather, the limitations on fundamental human rights that are inherent in the Cuban legal system.

Soviet and Western International Law and the Cold War in the Era of Bipolarity: Inter-Block Law in a Nuclear Age

1963 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 40-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward McWhinney
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Oliver Wendell Holmes ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Personality Cult ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
Policy Conflicts ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Cold War

“The prophecies of what the courts will do in fact, and nothing more pretentious, are what I mean by the law.”OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES, JR.,The Path of the Law (1897).The “WINDS OF CHANGE” in the Soviet Union since Stalin's death — what, in a legal context, the leading journal Soviet State and Law has called the programme “for complete elimination of the harmful consequences of the personality cult in Soviet jurisprudence” — have done much to liberate Soviet international law thinking from the at times overly rigid positivism and rather sterile orthodoxy which had dominated it, in common with Soviet general legal doctrine, from the time of Pashukanis' downfall in the late 1930's, onwards through the period of Vyshinsky's intellectual dominance almost to the present day. For the purpose of analysis and appraisal of the contemporary state of Soviet international law doctrine and practice, both as to its main points of accord and also its main policy conflicts and differences, certain preliminary propositions can be advanced as to the nature and condition of Soviet international law in general over the years since the October Revolution.

The Anti-Religious Campaign in the Soviet Union

1955 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Timasheff
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
National Council ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Religious Policy ◽  
Movie Theaters ◽  
The Soviet Union

During the years 1939–45, a spectacular change occurred in the anti-religious policy of the Soviet government. The pattern of direct persecution was discarded and replaced by a more subtle pattern of ostentatious compromise in combination with indirect pressure. The compromise was publicly demonstrated at the meeting of the National Council of the Russian Orthodox Church (January-February 1945) convoked, by permission of the Soviet government, to elect a new Patriarch in place of the deceased Sergius. The Council was attended by a number of high dignitaries of the non-Russian Orthodox Churches; many of them were flown to the Council in Soviet bombers. At the end of the Council, a gala reception was organized for its members by G. Karpov, the chairman of the Council for the Affairs of the Orthodox Church; during that reception two choirs could be heard, the Patriarch's choir and the Moscow Philharmonic choir sponsored by the Soviet government. The enthroning of the new Patriarch Alexei was filmed and the film displayed in all the movie theaters of the Union.

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